2001
Function and the Evolution of Phenotypic Stability: Connecting Pattern to Process1
Schwenk K, Wagner G. Function and the Evolution of Phenotypic Stability: Connecting Pattern to Process1. Integrative And Comparative Biology 2001, 41: 552-563. DOI: 10.1093/icb/41.3.552.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsPhenotypic stabilityPhylogenetic character analysisCurrent environmental conditionsSelection differsEnvironmental selectionEnvironmental conditionsInternal selectionExternal selectionSystem-level functionalityCharacter analysisCertain charactersOrganismsSelectionPhenotypeCascadeFunctional integrationCharacterFunctionPatternsResponseWide range
1993
How can a character be developmentally constrained despite variation in developmental pathways?
Wagner G, Misof B. How can a character be developmentally constrained despite variation in developmental pathways? Journal Of Evolutionary Biology 1993, 6: 449-455. DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1993.6030449.x.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersDevelopmental constraintsDevelopmental biologyDevelopmental pathwaysEvolutionary developmental biologyComparative developmental biologyDevelopmental variationBody planAdaptive pressuresConservative patternAdult variationFundamental riddleHomologyBiologyBiological basisConservationPathwayAnatomical featuresMorphological patternsHomologuesEarly perturbationsVariationPatternsEarly stagesAdult patternFunction
1988
The influence of variation and of developmental constraints on the rate of multivariate phenotypic evolution
Wagner G. The influence of variation and of developmental constraints on the rate of multivariate phenotypic evolution. Journal Of Evolutionary Biology 1988, 1: 45-66. DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1988.1010045.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRate of evolutionMultivariate phenotypic evolutionPhenotypic evolutionAdaptive landscapePhenotypic variationDevelopmental constraintsAdaptive phenotypic evolutionHeritable phenotypic variationPhenotypic varianceInterdependent characterNumber of charactersPossible roleLandscapeEvolutionOrganismic systemsMaximal rateVariationFunctionFitness functionCharacter