1993
How can a character be developmentally constrained despite variation in developmental pathways?
Wagner G, Misof B. How can a character be developmentally constrained despite variation in developmental pathways? Journal Of Evolutionary Biology 1993, 6: 449-455. DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1993.6030449.x.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersDevelopmental constraintsDevelopmental biologyDevelopmental pathwaysEvolutionary developmental biologyComparative developmental biologyDevelopmental variationBody planAdaptive pressuresConservative patternAdult variationFundamental riddleHomologyBiologyBiological basisConservationPathwayAnatomical featuresMorphological patternsHomologuesEarly perturbationsVariationPatternsEarly stagesAdult patternFunction
1988
The influence of variation and of developmental constraints on the rate of multivariate phenotypic evolution
Wagner G. The influence of variation and of developmental constraints on the rate of multivariate phenotypic evolution. Journal Of Evolutionary Biology 1988, 1: 45-66. DOI: 10.1046/j.1420-9101.1988.1010045.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRate of evolutionMultivariate phenotypic evolutionPhenotypic evolutionAdaptive landscapePhenotypic variationDevelopmental constraintsAdaptive phenotypic evolutionHeritable phenotypic variationPhenotypic varianceInterdependent characterNumber of charactersPossible roleLandscapeEvolutionOrganismic systemsMaximal rateVariationFunctionFitness functionCharacter
1986
The Systems Approach: An Interface Between Development and Population Genetic Aspects of Evolution
Wagner G. The Systems Approach: An Interface Between Development and Population Genetic Aspects of Evolution. Dahlem Workshop Report 1986, 149-165. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-70831-2_8.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersDevelopmental constraintsPopulation genetic aspectsQuantitative genetic theoryConcept of homologyOrganismic evolutionCharacter evolutionEvolutionary historyEvolutionary modificationsDevelopmental programGenetic theoryFunctional constraintsModern SynthesisMorphological conceptsGenetic aspectsKey eventsHomologyNatural systems