2018
Structural elements required for coupling ion and substrate transport in the neurotransmitter transporter homolog LeuT
Zhang YW, Tavoulari S, Sinning S, Aleksandrova AA, Forrest LR, Rudnick G. Structural elements required for coupling ion and substrate transport in the neurotransmitter transporter homolog LeuT. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2018, 115: e8854-e8862. PMID: 30181291, PMCID: PMC6156673, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716870115.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTransporter domainConformational changesOpen stateSodium symporter familyIon-substrate couplingTransmembrane ion gradientsSymporter familyNSS transportersSubstrate bindingLeuTIntracellular substratesCysteine accessibilitySubstrate transportAccessibility of substrateTyrosine residuesConformational responseNa2 siteUncoupled movementIon gradientsExtracellular pathwaysMechanistic componentsTransportersProteinTransport of ionsBinding
2011
Cytoplasmic Permeation Pathway of Neurotransmitter Transporters
Rudnick G. Cytoplasmic Permeation Pathway of Neurotransmitter Transporters. Biochemistry 2011, 50: 7462-7475. PMID: 21774491, PMCID: PMC3164596, DOI: 10.1021/bi200926b.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCytoplasmic permeation pathwaysBacterial amino acid transporter LeuTNeurotransmitter transportersPermeation pathwayKingdoms of lifeMammalian serotonin transporterHigh-resolution crystal structuresFour-helix bundleRecent high-resolution crystal structureSubsequent crystal structureStructural repeatsLeuT structureProtein familyCommon structural featuresSolute transportersRelated proteinsLarge structural familyCytoplasmic oneConformational changesSubstrate siteFirst structureBiological membranesTransportersLeuTExtracellular pathways
2008
Mechanism for alternating access in neurotransmitter transporters
Forrest LR, Zhang YW, Jacobs MT, Gesmonde J, Xie L, Honig BH, Rudnick G. Mechanism for alternating access in neurotransmitter transporters. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2008, 105: 10338-10343. PMID: 18647834, PMCID: PMC2480614, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0804659105.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeurotransmitter transportersMammalian neurotransmitter transportersMammalian serotonin transporterTransmembrane helix 1Bacterial homologueIon-binding sitesTransporter familyExtensive mutagenesisHelix 1Similar repeatsLeuTConformational changesSerotonin transporterRepeatsAlternate conformationConformational differencesExtracellular pathwaysCytoplasmTransportersExtracellular spaceCysteine reagentCrystal structureConformationPathwayAccessibility measurements