2003
In vitro evidence that subcutaneous administration of glatiramer acetate induces hyporesponsive T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis
Schmied M, Duda PW, Krieger JI, Trollmo C, Hafler DA. In vitro evidence that subcutaneous administration of glatiramer acetate induces hyporesponsive T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis. Clinical Immunology 2003, 106: 163-174. PMID: 12706402, DOI: 10.1016/s1521-6616(03)00020-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGA-reactive T cellsT cell reactivityT cellsRR-MSMultiple sclerosisCell reactivityT cell peripheral toleranceTh2-type T cellsT cell frequenciesMonths of treatmentT cell hyporesponsivenessT cell populationsT cell nonresponsivenessT cell anergyHyporesponsive T cellsMechanism of actionMyelin antigensGlatiramer acetatePeripheral toleranceCell hyporesponsivenessPeripheral bloodClonal eliminationIL-2Cell anergySubcutaneous administration
1997
Direct Ex Vivo Analysis of Activated, Fas-sensitive Autoreactive T Cells in Human Autoimmune Disease
Bieganowska K, Ausubel L, Modabber Y, Slovik E, Messersmith W, Hafler D. Direct Ex Vivo Analysis of Activated, Fas-sensitive Autoreactive T Cells in Human Autoimmune Disease. Journal Of Experimental Medicine 1997, 185: 1585-1594. PMID: 9151896, PMCID: PMC2196290, DOI: 10.1084/jem.185.9.1585.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAutoreactive T cellsT cellsMultiple sclerosisPersistent T cellsT cell frequenciesHuman autoimmune diseasesSubpopulation of patientsT cell clonesT cell receptorSingle T cellsMyelin basic proteinAutoimmune diseasesAutoantigenic peptidesAntigen stimulationDirect exCell frequencyTCR transcriptsFlow cytometryCell receptorCell clonesBeta chainHigh frequencyCell deathBasic proteinChain transcripts