2020
Contribution of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B to Staphylococcus aureus Systemic Infection
Bae J, Da F, Liu R, He L, Lv H, Fisher E, Rajagopalan G, Li M, Cheung G, Otto M. Contribution of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B to Staphylococcus aureus Systemic Infection. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2020, 223: 1766-1775. PMID: 32937658, PMCID: PMC8161638, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa584.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStaphylococcal enterotoxin BS. aureus pathogenesisCommunity-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus infectionsMethicillin-resistant S. aureus infectionsEnterotoxin BS. aureus infectionMouse infection modelDrug development strategiesCytokine stormFatal exacerbationStaphylococcus aureus systemic infectionSuperantigenic toxinsAureus infectionMajor human pathogenST59 isolatesSystemic infectionInfection modelVirulence potentialInfectionStaphylococcus aureusPathogenesisHuman pathogensSEBExacerbationIsolates
2019
Ruxolitinib, a selective JAK1/2 inhibitor, for the treatment of serious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus superantigens
Carnes H, Mehrkens B, Stegman M, Rajagopalan G. Ruxolitinib, a selective JAK1/2 inhibitor, for the treatment of serious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus superantigens. The Journal Of Immunology 2019, 202: 190.34-190.34. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.190.34.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSystemic inflammatory response syndromeMulti-organ failureT cellsHLA-DR3 transgenic miceHLA class II moleculesVehicle-treated miceVivo studiesInflammatory response syndromeT cell subsetsToxic shock syndromeJAK 1/2 inhibitorSelective JAK1/2 inhibitorClass II moleculesStaphylococcus aureusDose-dependent mannerSerious diseaseJanus kinaseIL-17Response syndromeOrgan failureJAK1/2 inhibitorActivation markersCell subsetsShock syndromeIL-2
2017
Passive therapy with humanized anti-staphylococcal enterotoxin B antibodies attenuates systemic inflammatory response and protects from lethal pneumonia caused by staphylococcal enterotoxin B-producing Staphylococcus aureus
Karau M, Tilahun M, Krogman A, Osborne B, Goldsby R, David C, Mandrekar J, Patel R, Rajagopalan G. Passive therapy with humanized anti-staphylococcal enterotoxin B antibodies attenuates systemic inflammatory response and protects from lethal pneumonia caused by staphylococcal enterotoxin B-producing Staphylococcus aureus. Virulence 2017, 8: 1148-1159. PMID: 27925510, PMCID: PMC5711449, DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1267894.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHLA-DR3 transgenic miceSystemic inflammatory responseOnset of infectionLethal pneumoniaTransgenic miceInflammatory responseB antibodiesHLA class II transgenic miceStrong systemic immune responsePolyclonal human IgGII transgenic miceRobust T cell activationSystemic immune responsesPro-inflammatory cytokinesLethal toxic shockAnti-toxin antibodiesToxigenic Staphylococcus aureusHuman IgGS. aureusStaphylococcus aureusT cell activationAnti-SEB antibodiesStaphylococcal enterotoxin BConventional mouse strainsProphylactic administration
2015
Mini-Osmotic Pump Infusion Model to Investigate the Systemic Effects of Chronic Continuous Exposure to Staphylococcal Superantigen in Mice
Krogman AL, Chowdhary V, Rajagopalan G. Mini-Osmotic Pump Infusion Model to Investigate the Systemic Effects of Chronic Continuous Exposure to Staphylococcal Superantigen in Mice. Methods In Molecular Biology 2015, 1396: 109-114. PMID: 26676041, PMCID: PMC4882905, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3344-0_9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStaphylococcal superantigensMini-osmotic pumpsChronic continuous exposureSpectrum of diseaseSystemic effectsAcute exposureChronic exposureImmune systemRecurrent exposureSuperantigensContinuous exposureRobust activationS. aureusStaphylococcus aureusInfusion modelExposureAureusSafe wayDiseaseMiceSuperantigen-Producing Staphylococcus aureus Elicits Systemic Immune Activation in a Murine Wound Colonization Model
Kim C, Karau M, Greenwood-Quaintance K, Tilahun A, Krogman A, David C, Pritt B, Patel R, Rajagopalan G. Superantigen-Producing Staphylococcus aureus Elicits Systemic Immune Activation in a Murine Wound Colonization Model. Toxins 2015, 7: 5308-5319. PMID: 26670252, PMCID: PMC4690136, DOI: 10.3390/toxins7124886.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSystemic immune activationImmune activationT cellsS. aureusSerum IL-17 levelsSystemic immunologic effectsIL-17 levelsSpleens of miceWound infection modelImmunologic effectsInflammatory changesHLA-DR3Wound infectionCommon causeTransgenic miceUninfected woundsDay 8Immune systemClinical implicationsInfection modelMiceSkin woundsWoundsMicrobial challengeStaphylococcus aureus
2014
Superantigens in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from prosthetic joint infection
Kim C, Karau M, Greenwood-Quaintance K, Tilahun A, David C, Mandrekar J, Patel R, Rajagopalan G. Superantigens in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from prosthetic joint infection. Diagnostic Microbiology And Infectious Disease 2014, 81: 201-207. PMID: 25619753, PMCID: PMC4336809, DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.11.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchThe Impact of Staphylococcus aureus‐Associated Molecular Patterns on Staphylococcal Superantigen‐Induced Toxic Shock Syndrome and Pneumonia
Tilahun A, Karau M, Ballard A, Gunaratna M, Thapa A, David C, Patel R, Rajagopalan G. The Impact of Staphylococcus aureus‐Associated Molecular Patterns on Staphylococcal Superantigen‐Induced Toxic Shock Syndrome and Pneumonia. Mediators Of Inflammation 2014, 2014: 468285. PMID: 25024509, PMCID: PMC4082930, DOI: 10.1155/2014/468285.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPathogen-associated molecular patternsHLA-DQ8 transgenic miceHeat-killed Staphylococcus aureusToxic shock syndromeStaphylococcal superantigensHLA-DR3Shock syndromeMolecular patternsTransgenic miceS. aureus-derived peptidoglycanSerious S. aureus infectionsCytokine/chemokine responsesLipoteichoic acidStaphylococcal toxic shock syndromeS. aureusLife-threatening systemic diseaseAnti-inflammatory roleT cell expansionS. aureus infectionT cell proliferationToxigenic S. aureusStaphylococcus aureusAdaptive immune systemChemokine responsesSystemic diseaseSuperantigen profiling of Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis isolates
Chung J, Karau M, Greenwood-Quaintance K, Ballard A, Tilahun A, Khaleghi S, David C, Patel R, Rajagopalan G. Superantigen profiling of Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis isolates. Diagnostic Microbiology And Infectious Disease 2014, 79: 119-124. PMID: 24745820, PMCID: PMC4031024, DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.03.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSuperantigen genesSplenocyte proliferationS. aureusStaphylococcus aureus infective endocarditisMethicillin-susceptible S. aureusMethicillin-resistant S. aureusInfective endocarditis casesEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assayStaphylococcal enterotoxin AInfective endocarditisEndocarditis casesSuperantigen productionMouse splenocyte proliferationPCR-positive isolatesTSST-1EndocarditisImmunosorbent assayEnterotoxin AStaphylococcus aureusAureusProliferationIsolatesMortalityGenes
2013
Chronic Sub-Cutaneous Exposure to a Staphylococcus Aureus Superantigen, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B, Elicits an Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in HLA Class II Transgenic Mice - Linking Atopic Dermatitis (AD) to Asthma
Rajagopalan G, Tilahun A, Iijima K, Kita H. Chronic Sub-Cutaneous Exposure to a Staphylococcus Aureus Superantigen, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B, Elicits an Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in HLA Class II Transgenic Mice - Linking Atopic Dermatitis (AD) to Asthma. Journal Of Allergy And Clinical Immunology 2013, 131: ab331. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1559.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2012
Linezolid Is Superior to Vancomycin in Experimental Pneumonia Caused by Superantigen-Producing Staphylococcus aureus in HLA Class II Transgenic Mice
Karau M, Tilahun A, Schmidt S, Clark C, Patel R, Rajagopalan G. Linezolid Is Superior to Vancomycin in Experimental Pneumonia Caused by Superantigen-Producing Staphylococcus aureus in HLA Class II Transgenic Mice. Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy 2012, 56: 5401-5405. PMID: 22850509, PMCID: PMC3457354, DOI: 10.1128/aac.01080-12.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHLA class II transgenic miceTransgenic miceDR3 transgenic miceII transgenic miceHuman leukocyte antigenS. aureusC57BL/6 miceLeukocyte antigenStaphylococcus aureus virulenceExperimental pneumoniaImmune systemSuperantigensPneumoniaAureus virulenceMiceBacterial protein synthesis inhibitorsProtein synthesis inhibitorStaphylococcus aureusLinezolidPotent activatorSynthesis inhibitorVancomycinAureusGreater protectionSuperior response