2024
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Age-Specific All-Cause Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Faust J, Renton B, Bongiovanni T, Chen A, Sheares K, Du C, Essien U, Fuentes-Afflick E, Haywood T, Khera R, King T, Li S, Lin Z, Lu Y, Marshall A, Ndumele C, Opara I, Loarte-Rodriguez T, Sawano M, Taparra K, Taylor H, Watson K, Yancy C, Krumholz H. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Age-Specific All-Cause Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2438918. PMID: 39392630, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.38918.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCOVID-19 public health emergencyNon-HispanicPublic health emergencyOther Pacific IslanderExcess mortalityAlaska NativesUS populationExcess deathsRates of excess mortalityCross-sectional study analyzed dataYears of potential lifeMortality relative riskNon-Hispanic whitesCross-sectional studyPacific IslandersStudy analyzed dataAll-cause mortalityEthnic groupsMortality disparitiesMortality ratioTotal populationDeath certificatesEthnic disparitiesMain OutcomesDecedent ageCardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Control Following Release From Carceral Facilities: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Aminawung J, Puglisi L, Roy B, Horton N, Elumn J, Lin H, Bibbins-Domingo K, Krumholz H, Wang E. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Control Following Release From Carceral Facilities: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2024, 13: ejaha2024035683t. PMID: 39248257, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.035683.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsUncontrolled CVD risk factorsCardiovascular disease risk factor controlCVD risk factorsRisk factor controlFactor controlRisk factorsSocial determinant of cardiovascular healthCardiovascular diseaseProspective cohort study of individualsDeterminants of cardiovascular healthPublic health prevention effortsCardiovascular disease risk factorsCohort study of individualsHealth prevention effortsCross-sectional studyProspective cohort studyCarceral facilitiesCorrectional facilitiesSocial determinantsTailored interventionsTraditional risk factorsStudy of individualsAdversity scorePerceived stressCardiovascular healthHypertension Trends and Disparities Over 12 Years in a Large Health System: Leveraging the Electronic Health Records
Brush J, Lu Y, Liu Y, Asher J, Li S, Sawano M, Young P, Schulz W, Anderson M, Burrows J, Krumholz H. Hypertension Trends and Disparities Over 12 Years in a Large Health System: Leveraging the Electronic Health Records. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2024, 13: e033253. PMID: 38686864, PMCID: PMC11179912, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033253.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElectronic health recordsRegional health systemImprove hypertension careHealth systemHealth recordsHypertension careDiastolic blood pressureAge-adjusted prevalence ratesNon-Hispanic Black patientsPrevalence ratesLarger health systemCross-sectional analysisTransformation of medical dataLeveraging real-world dataHigh prevalence rateHypertension trendsHypertension prevalenceBlood pressureBlood pressure measurementsHypertension diagnosisPrimary outcomeNational trendsProportion of patientsAntihypertensive medicationsBlack patients
2023
National Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Use of Recommended Therapies in Adults with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, 1999-2020
Lu Y, Liu Y, Dhingra L, Caraballo C, Mahajan S, Massey D, Spatz E, Sharma R, Rodriguez F, Watson K, Masoudi F, Krumholz H. National Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Use of Recommended Therapies in Adults with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease, 1999-2020. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6: e2345964. PMID: 38039001, PMCID: PMC10692850, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.45964.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsCardiovascular DiseasesCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansNutrition SurveysConceptsAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseHistory of ASCVDCross-sectional studyLifestyle modificationPharmacological medicationsOptimal careCurrent careUS adultsEthnic differencesWhite individualsGuideline-recommended therapiesTotal cholesterol controlNon-Hispanic white individualsNutrition Examination SurveyLatino individualsQuality of careSelf-reported raceStatin useRecommended TherapiesSecondary preventionCholesterol controlOptimal regimensSmoking cessationEligible participantsExamination SurveyRace and Ethnicity and Emergency Department Discharge Against Medical Advice
Tsai J, Janke A, Krumholz H, Khidir H, Venkatesh A. Race and Ethnicity and Emergency Department Discharge Against Medical Advice. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6: e2345437. PMID: 38015503, PMCID: PMC10685883, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.45437.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultCross-Sectional StudiesEmergency Service, HospitalEthnicityFemaleHospitals, TeachingHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient DischargeYoung AdultConceptsWhite patientsHispanic patientsEmergency departmentCross-sectional studyED visitsBlack patientsDAMA rateMedical adviceMAIN OUTCOMEEthnic disparitiesNationwide Emergency Department SampleNational cross-sectional studyHospital ED visitsEmergency department dischargeHospital-level variationEmergency Department SampleMetropolitan teaching hospitalHealth care resourcesMedian ageGreater morbidityHospital variationUnadjusted analysesTeaching hospitalAdditional adjustmentLower oddsDistinguishing features of long COVID identified through immune profiling
Klein J, Wood J, Jaycox J, Dhodapkar R, Lu P, Gehlhausen J, Tabachnikova A, Greene K, Tabacof L, Malik A, Silva Monteiro V, Silva J, Kamath K, Zhang M, Dhal A, Ott I, Valle G, Peña-Hernández M, Mao T, Bhattacharjee B, Takahashi T, Lucas C, Song E, McCarthy D, Breyman E, Tosto-Mancuso J, Dai Y, Perotti E, Akduman K, Tzeng T, Xu L, Geraghty A, Monje M, Yildirim I, Shon J, Medzhitov R, Lutchmansingh D, Possick J, Kaminski N, Omer S, Krumholz H, Guan L, Dela Cruz C, van Dijk D, Ring A, Putrino D, Iwasaki A. Distinguishing features of long COVID identified through immune profiling. Nature 2023, 623: 139-148. PMID: 37748514, PMCID: PMC10620090, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06651-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLong COVIDSARS-CoV-2Infection syndromeExaggerated humoral responseSoluble immune mediatorsEpstein-Barr virusPost-exertional malaiseCross-sectional studyHigher antibody responseImmune mediatorsImmune phenotypingImmune profilingHumoral responseAntibody responseLymphocyte populationsCOVID statusUnbiased machineCortisol levelsLC statusRelevant biomarkersViral pathogensSyndromeCOVIDFuture studiesBiological featuresClinical trial data sharing: a cross-sectional study of outcomes associated with two U.S. National Institutes of Health models
Rowhani-Farid A, Grewal M, Solar S, Eghrari A, Zhang A, Gross C, Krumholz H, Ross J. Clinical trial data sharing: a cross-sectional study of outcomes associated with two U.S. National Institutes of Health models. Scientific Data 2023, 10: 529. PMID: 37553403, PMCID: PMC10409750, DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02436-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsClinical Trials as TopicCross-Sectional StudiesInformation DisseminationNational Cancer Institute (U.S.)National Institutes of Health (U.S.)United StatesRelationship Between In-Hospital Adverse Events and Hospital Performance on 30-Day All-cause Mortality and Readmission for Patients With Heart Failure
Wang Y, Eldridge N, Metersky M, Rodrick D, Eckenrode S, Mathew J, Galusha D, Peterson A, Hunt D, Normand S, Krumholz H. Relationship Between In-Hospital Adverse Events and Hospital Performance on 30-Day All-cause Mortality and Readmission for Patients With Heart Failure. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2023, 16: e009573. PMID: 37463255, PMCID: PMC10351904, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.122.009573.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedCross-Sectional StudiesHeart FailureHospital MortalityHospitalsHumansMedicarePatient ReadmissionUnited StatesConceptsMore adverse eventsAdverse eventsHeart failureCause mortalityReadmission ratesHigh riskMedicare Patient Safety Monitoring SystemHospital-acquired adverse eventsIn-Hospital Adverse EventsHospital adverse eventsRate of patientsPatient Safety DatabasePerformance categoriesAdverse event dataCross-sectional studyUnited States CentersHospital performanceHospital characteristicsReadmission dataPatient riskMAIN OUTCOMEPatientsWorst hospitalsHospitalHigh mortalityUse of Wearable Devices in Individuals With or at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in the US, 2019 to 2020
Dhingra L, Aminorroaya A, Oikonomou E, Nargesi A, Wilson F, Krumholz H, Khera R. Use of Wearable Devices in Individuals With or at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in the US, 2019 to 2020. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6: e2316634. PMID: 37285157, PMCID: PMC10248745, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.16634.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultCardiovascular DiseasesCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansHypertensionMaleMiddle AgedObesityRisk FactorsConceptsHealth Information National Trends SurveyUS adultsExacerbate disparitiesWearable device usersCardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular healthPopulation-based cross-sectional studySelf-reported cardiovascular diseaseCardiovascular disease risk factorsNational Trends SurveyOverall US adult populationCardiovascular risk factor profileSelf-reported accessAssociated with lower useUse of wearable devicesImprove cardiovascular healthLower household incomeLower educational attainmentUS adult populationRisk factor profileNationally representative sampleCross-sectional studyProportion of adultsTrends SurveyWearable device dataExcess Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Among the Black Population in the US, 1999-2020
Caraballo C, Massey D, Ndumele C, Haywood T, Kaleem S, King T, Liu Y, Lu Y, Nunez-Smith M, Taylor H, Watson K, Herrin J, Yancy C, Faust J, Krumholz H. Excess Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Among the Black Population in the US, 1999-2020. JAMA 2023, 329: 1662-1670. PMID: 37191702, PMCID: PMC10189563, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.7022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultBlack or African AmericanBlack PeopleCross-Sectional StudiesEthnicityFemaleHealth PromotionHumansInfantLife ExpectancyMaleMiddle AgedMortalityUnited StatesWhiteConceptsExcess mortality ratesExcess deathsMortality ratePotential lifeWhite populationExcess mortalitySerial cross-sectional studyHighest excess mortality ratesBlack populationCause-specific mortalityCross-sectional studyHigh mortality rateNon-Hispanic whitesYears of lifeUS national dataMiddle-aged adultsCause mortalityHeart diseaseDeath certificatesNon-Hispanic black populationMAIN OUTCOMEAge groupsDisease controlMortalityBlack malesUse of Recalled Devices in New Device Authorizations Under the US Food and Drug Administration’s 510(k) Pathway and Risk of Subsequent Recalls
Kadakia K, Dhruva S, Caraballo C, Ross J, Krumholz H. Use of Recalled Devices in New Device Authorizations Under the US Food and Drug Administration’s 510(k) Pathway and Risk of Subsequent Recalls. JAMA 2023, 329: 136-143. PMID: 36625810, PMCID: PMC9857464, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.23279.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPrimary care institutional characteristics associated with hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in the China PEACE-Million Persons Project and primary health-care survey: a cross-sectional study
Group C, Zhou T, Wang Y, Zhang H, Wu C, Tian N, Cui J, Bai X, Yang Y, Zhang X, Lu Y, Spatz E, Ross J, Krumholz H, Lu J, Li X, Hu S. Primary care institutional characteristics associated with hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in the China PEACE-Million Persons Project and primary health-care survey: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet Global Health 2023, 11: e83-e94. PMID: 36521957, DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00428-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntihypertensive AgentsChinaCross-Sectional StudiesHumansHypertensionPrimary Health CareConceptsProportion of participantsPrimary care institutionsHypertension awarenessPrimary care systemBlood pressureCare institutionsCardiac Events Million Persons ProjectAverage diastolic blood pressureMedical Sciences (CAMS) Innovation FundAverage systolic blood pressureCare systemMillion Persons ProjectHistory of hypertensionDiastolic blood pressurePrimary care surveySystolic blood pressureCardiovascular disease riskBlood pressure measurementsCross-sectional studyParticipant-level dataProportion of physiciansRoutine service deliveryPrimary care roleHealth Care SurveyPublic health services
2022
Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Barriers to Timely Medical Care Among Adults in the US, 1999 to 2018
Caraballo C, Ndumele CD, Roy B, Lu Y, Riley C, Herrin J, Krumholz HM. Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Barriers to Timely Medical Care Among Adults in the US, 1999 to 2018. JAMA Health Forum 2022, 3: e223856. PMID: 36306118, PMCID: PMC9617175, DOI: 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.3856.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultBlack PeopleCohort StudiesCross-Sectional StudiesEthnicityFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansMaleMiddle AgedConceptsTimely medical careSerial cross-sectional studyNational Health Interview SurveyCross-sectional studyHealth Interview SurveyMedical careLack of transportationEthnic disparitiesHispanics/LatinosWhite individualsEthnicity groupsInterview SurveyCost of careSelf-reported raceStudy cohortClinic hoursMAIN OUTCOMEMedical officesCarePrevalenceLatino individualsBlack individualsSignificant differencesSignificant increasePopulation groupsRacial and Ethnic Disparities in Financial Barriers Among Overweight and Obese Adults Eligible for Semaglutide in the United States
Lu Y, Liu Y, Krumholz HM. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Financial Barriers Among Overweight and Obese Adults Eligible for Semaglutide in the United States. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2022, 11: e025545. PMID: 36172953, PMCID: PMC9673703, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.025545.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultBlack or African AmericanCross-Sectional StudiesEthnicityGlucagon-Like PeptidesHumansNutrition SurveysObesityOverweightUnited StatesConceptsLow family incomeEligible populationUsual sourceHispanic adultsFinancial barriersEthnic disparitiesNutrition Examination Survey 2015Drug Administration labelingCross-sectional analysisFamily incomePercentage of adultsObese adultsNational HealthUS adultsSemaglutideEligibility criteriaSocial determinantsBlack adultsLarge proportionFinal analysisWeight lossHispanic individualsWhite individualsAdultsRisk reductionTrends in Adverse Event Rates in Hospitalized Patients, 2010-2019
Eldridge N, Wang Y, Metersky M, Eckenrode S, Mathew J, Sonnenfeld N, Perdue-Puli J, Hunt D, Brady PJ, McGann P, Grace E, Rodrick D, Drye E, Krumholz HM. Trends in Adverse Event Rates in Hospitalized Patients, 2010-2019. JAMA 2022, 328: 173-183. PMID: 35819424, PMCID: PMC9277501, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.9600.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAccidental FallsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCross InfectionCross-Sectional StudiesDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsFemaleHeart FailureHospitalizationHumansMaleMedicareMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionPatient SafetyPneumoniaPostoperative ComplicationsPressure UlcerRisk AssessmentSurgical Procedures, OperativeUnited StatesConceptsMajor surgical proceduresAcute myocardial infarctionAdverse event ratesGeneral adverse eventsAdverse eventsHeart failureAdverse drug eventsAcute care hospitalsMyocardial infarctionHospital-acquired infectionsSurgical proceduresEvent ratesHospital dischargeCare hospitalDrug eventsMedicare Patient Safety Monitoring SystemSerial cross-sectional studyPatient safetyUS acute care hospitalsHospital adverse eventsSignificant decreaseSurgical procedure groupsCross-sectional studyRisk-adjusted ratesAdult patientsAnalysis of Hospital-Level Readmission Rates and Variation in Adverse Events Among Patients With Pneumonia in the United States
Wang Y, Eldridge N, Metersky ML, Rodrick D, Faniel C, Eckenrode S, Mathew J, Galusha DH, Tasimi A, Ho SY, Jaser L, Peterson A, Normand ST, Krumholz HM. Analysis of Hospital-Level Readmission Rates and Variation in Adverse Events Among Patients With Pneumonia in the United States. JAMA Network Open 2022, 5: e2214586. PMID: 35639379, PMCID: PMC9157270, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.14586.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHospitalsHumansMaleMedicarePatient ReadmissionPneumoniaUnited StatesConceptsRisk-standardized readmission ratesMedicare Patient Safety Monitoring SystemCause readmission rateAdverse eventsReadmission ratesHigh riskHospital-level readmission ratesHigher patient riskHospital adverse eventsAdverse event dataCross-sectional studyHospital performanceIndex hospitalizationMedian ageHospital characteristicsMedical recordsReadmission dataPatient riskHospital careMAIN OUTCOMEPneumoniaHospital levelPatientsReadmissionGreater riskTemporal Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Multimorbidity Prevalence in the United States, 1999-2018
Caraballo C, Herrin J, Mahajan S, Massey D, Lu Y, Ndumele CD, Drye EE, Krumholz HM. Temporal Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Multimorbidity Prevalence in the United States, 1999-2018. The American Journal Of Medicine 2022, 135: 1083-1092.e14. PMID: 35472394, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.04.010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultChronic DiseaseCross-Sectional StudiesEthnicityHumansMultimorbidityPrevalenceUnited StatesConceptsMultimorbidity prevalenceRace/ethnicityWhite individualsChronic conditionsBlack individualsSerial cross-sectional analysisCommon chronic conditionsRisk of morbidityPrevalence of multimorbidityPublic health interventionsCross-sectional analysisSelf-reported presenceSelf-reported raceLatino/HispanicMAIN OUTCOMEHealth interventionsEthnic disparitiesPrevalenceHealth inequalitiesStudy periodEarly lifeHispanic individualsTemporal trendsStudy sampleAsian individualsEvaluation of Temporal Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Sleep Duration Among US Adults, 2004-2018
Caraballo C, Mahajan S, Valero-Elizondo J, Massey D, Lu Y, Roy B, Riley C, Annapureddy AR, Murugiah K, Elumn J, Nasir K, Nunez-Smith M, Forman HP, Jackson CL, Herrin J, Krumholz HM. Evaluation of Temporal Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Sleep Duration Among US Adults, 2004-2018. JAMA Network Open 2022, 5: e226385. PMID: 35389500, PMCID: PMC8990329, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.6385.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultBlack PeopleCross-Sectional StudiesEthnicityFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansMaleMiddle AgedSleepConceptsCross-sectional studyLong sleep durationSleep durationWhite individualsBlack individualsLatino individualsEthnic differencesSerial cross-sectional studyNational Health Interview Survey dataHealth Interview Survey dataSelf-reported sleep durationShort sleep durationInterview Survey dataMiddle-aged adultsSelf-reported raceEstimated prevalenceMAIN OUTCOMELong sleepSleep deficiencyHigher household incomeEthnic disparitiesAge groupsHealth disparitiesPrevalenceSleep disparities
2021
Patterns of Prescribing Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors for Medicare Beneficiaries in the United States
Sangha V, Lipska K, Lin Z, Inzucchi SE, McGuire DK, Krumholz HM, Khera R. Patterns of Prescribing Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors for Medicare Beneficiaries in the United States. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2021, 14: e008381. PMID: 34779654, PMCID: PMC9022137, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.121.008381.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2GlucoseHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMedicareSodiumSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsUnited StatesConceptsType 2 diabetesMedicare beneficiariesSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitorsLarge randomized clinical trialsMedicare Part D prescriber dataChronic kidney diseaseCotransporter 2 inhibitorsAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseasePercent of cliniciansRandomized clinical trialsUS Medicare beneficiariesAdvanced practice providersCross-sectional studyKidney outcomesSGLT2i useSulfonylurea prescriptionUnique cliniciansCardiovascular deathMedication classesKidney diseaseLabel indicationsClinical trialsSGLT2iCardiovascular diseasePractice providersNational Trends and Disparities in Hospitalization for Acute Hypertension Among Medicare Beneficiaries (1999–2019)
Lu Y, Wang Y, Spatz ES, Onuma O, Nasir K, Rodriguez F, Watson KE, Krumholz HM. National Trends and Disparities in Hospitalization for Acute Hypertension Among Medicare Beneficiaries (1999–2019). Circulation 2021, 144: 1683-1693. PMID: 34743531, DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057056.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigher hospitalization ratesAcute hypertensionHospitalization ratesMedicare feeService beneficiariesBlack adultsSerial cross-sectional analysisCause readmission rateNational hospitalization ratesPrimary discharge diagnosisAnnual hospitalization rateCause mortality ratesPoisson link functionDual-eligible statusMedicare/MedicaidCross-sectional analysisHypertension controlReadmission ratesDischarge diagnosisDiseases codesMedicare denominatorInpatient filesHypertensionInternational ClassificationMedicare beneficiaries