2024
Long-term exposure to wildland fire smoke PM2.5 and mortality in the contiguous United States
Ma Y, Zang E, Liu Y, Wei J, Lu Y, Krumholz H, Bell M, Chen K. Long-term exposure to wildland fire smoke PM2.5 and mortality in the contiguous United States. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2024, 121: e2403960121. PMID: 39316057, PMCID: PMC11459178, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403960121.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWildland firesContiguous United StatesNonaccidental mortalityExposure to ambient fine particlesSmoke PM<sWildland fire smokeMoving average concentrationsAmbient fine particlesLong-term exposureAverage concentrationSmoke PMHealth risksFine particlesFire smokeTemporal confoundingHealth effectsKidney disease mortalityChronic kidney disease mortalityPublic health actionFireMortality rateUnited StatesDisease mortalityHealth actionsMortality outcomesCause-Specific Mortality Rates Among the US Black Population
Arun A, Caraballo C, Sawano M, Lu Y, Khera R, Yancy C, Krumholz H. Cause-Specific Mortality Rates Among the US Black Population. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2436402. PMID: 39348122, PMCID: PMC11443349, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.36402.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2023
Racial/ethnic disparities in PM2.5-attributable cardiovascular mortality burden in the United States
Ma Y, Zang E, Opara I, Lu Y, Krumholz H, Chen K. Racial/ethnic disparities in PM2.5-attributable cardiovascular mortality burden in the United States. Nature Human Behaviour 2023, 7: 2074-2083. PMID: 37653149, PMCID: PMC10901568, DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01694-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNon-Hispanic White peopleCVD deathMortality burdenNon-Hispanic black peopleCardiovascular disease mortality ratesDisease mortality ratesNon-Hispanic blacksRace/ethnicityMortality rateLong-term exposureWhite peopleEthnic disparitiesHealth benefitsHispanic peopleSignificant differencesBurdenDeathUS countiesEthnic groupsAbsolute disparityAssociationExposureEthnic minoritiesDisparitiesAmbient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrationsExcess Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Among the Black Population in the US, 1999-2020
Caraballo C, Massey D, Ndumele C, Haywood T, Kaleem S, King T, Liu Y, Lu Y, Nunez-Smith M, Taylor H, Watson K, Herrin J, Yancy C, Faust J, Krumholz H. Excess Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Among the Black Population in the US, 1999-2020. JAMA 2023, 329: 1662-1670. PMID: 37191702, PMCID: PMC10189563, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.7022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExcess mortality ratesExcess deathsMortality ratePotential lifeWhite populationExcess mortalitySerial cross-sectional studyHighest excess mortality ratesBlack populationCause-specific mortalityCross-sectional studyHigh mortality rateNon-Hispanic whitesYears of lifeUS national dataMiddle-aged adultsCause mortalityHeart diseaseDeath certificatesNon-Hispanic black populationMAIN OUTCOMEAge groupsDisease controlMortalityBlack males
2021
Disparities in Excess Mortality Associated with COVID-19 — United States, 2020
Rossen LM, Ahmad FB, Anderson RN, Branum AM, Du C, Krumholz HM, Li SX, Lin Z, Marshall A, Sutton PD, Faust JS. Disparities in Excess Mortality Associated with COVID-19 — United States, 2020. MMWR Morbidity And Mortality Weekly Report 2021, 70: 1114-1119. PMID: 34411075, PMCID: PMC8375709, DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7033a2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMortality incidence ratesIncidence rateExcess mortalityAge groupsHighest excess mortality ratesExcess Mortality AssociatedGreater excess mortalityExcess mortality ratesAI/AN populationsNon-Hispanic American IndianNon-Hispanic blacksNational Vital Statistics SystemCOVID-19 pandemicPublic health messagingNon-Hispanic white populationRace/ethnicityVital Statistics SystemMortality AssociatedLack of adjustmentMortality rateExcess deathsAN populationsEthnic groupsHealth messagingHispanic personsAdministrative Claims Measure for Profiling Hospital Performance Based on 90-Day All-Cause Mortality Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Mori M, Nasir K, Bao H, Jimenez A, Legore SS, Wang Y, Grady J, Lama SD, Brandi N, Lin Z, Kurlansky P, Geirsson A, Bernheim SM, Krumholz HM, Suter LG. Administrative Claims Measure for Profiling Hospital Performance Based on 90-Day All-Cause Mortality Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Circulation Cardiovascular Quality And Outcomes 2021, 14: e006644. PMID: 33535776, DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.120.006644.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk-standardized mortality ratesCoronary artery bypass graft surgeryArtery bypass graft surgeryBypass graft surgeryMortality rateGraft surgeryC-statisticMedicaid ServicesAdministrative Claims MeasureCause mortality ratesMortality measuresUnadjusted mortality ratesProfiling Hospital PerformanceHierarchical logistic regression modelsAlternate payment modelsHospital performanceLogistic regression modelsCABG recoveryPayment modelsCABG surgeryCause mortalityCABG proceduresDays postsurgeryHospital levelSurgery
2020
Frequency, trends and institutional variation in 30‐day all‐cause mortality and unplanned readmissions following hospitalisation for heart failure in Australia and New Zealand
Labrosciano C, Horton D, Air T, Tavella R, Beltrame JF, Zeitz CJ, Krumholz HM, Adams R, Scott IA, Gallagher M, Hossain S, Hariharaputhiran S, Ranasinghe I. Frequency, trends and institutional variation in 30‐day all‐cause mortality and unplanned readmissions following hospitalisation for heart failure in Australia and New Zealand. European Journal Of Heart Failure 2020, 23: 31-40. PMID: 33094886, DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2030.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHF hospitalisationUnplanned readmissionReadmission ratesHeart failure hospitalisationUnplanned readmission rateMortality cohortReadmission cohortCause mortalityHeart failurePrimary outcomeHospitalisationReadmissionSeparate cohortMortality rateHospitalPatientsMortalityCare qualityPrivate hospitalsStudy periodCohortModest declineNational averageOutcomesDaysIncidence, predictors, and prognostic impact of recurrent acute myocardial infarction in China
Song J, Murugiah K, Hu S, Gao Y, Li X, Krumholz HM, Zheng X, . Incidence, predictors, and prognostic impact of recurrent acute myocardial infarction in China. Heart 2020, 107: 313-318. PMID: 32938773, PMCID: PMC7873426, DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317165.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRecurrent acute myocardial infarctionAcute myocardial infarctionPrognostic impactMyocardial infarctionAMI eventsHospital percutaneous coronary interventionInitial acute myocardial infarctionTime-dependent Cox regressionGuideline-based medicationsKaplan-Meier methodologyPercutaneous coronary interventionLog-rank testRenal dysfunctionCardiac eventsCoronary interventionDischarge medicationsInitial admissionChina PatientCox regressionMean ageAge 75AMI ratesHeart rateMortality rateMultivariable modellingReadmission and Mortality After Hospitalization for Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure
Ko DT, Khera R, Lau G, Qiu F, Wang Y, Austin PC, Koh M, Lin Z, Lee DS, Wijeysundera HC, Krumholz HM. Readmission and Mortality After Hospitalization for Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2020, 75: 736-746. PMID: 32081282, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.026.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionPost-discharge mortalityHospital mortalityReadmission ratesHospitalization ratesMyocardial infarctionMortality rateRisk-adjusted mortality ratesHospital Readmissions Reduction ProgramHF hospitalization ratesHeart failure hospitalizationPatients 65 yearsReadmissions Reduction ProgramFailure hospitalizationHF patientsSecondary outcomesHospital readmissionPrimary outcomeReadmissionMortalityAMI hospitalization ratesStudy periodPattern of outcomesHospitalizationOutcomes
2019
Interplay of Coronary Artery Calcium and Risk Factors for Predicting CVD/CHD Mortality The CAC Consortium
Grandhi GR, Mirbolouk M, Dardari ZA, Al-Mallah MH, Rumberger JA, Shaw LJ, Blankstein R, Miedema MD, Berman DS, Budoff MJ, Krumholz HM, Blaha MJ, Nasir K. Interplay of Coronary Artery Calcium and Risk Factors for Predicting CVD/CHD Mortality The CAC Consortium. JACC Cardiovascular Imaging 2019, 13: 1175-1186. PMID: 31734198, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.08.024.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedCause of DeathComputed Tomography AngiographyCoronary AngiographyCoronary Artery DiseaseDiabetes MellitusDyslipidemiasFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansHypertensionMaleMiddle AgedMultidetector Computed TomographyPredictive Value of TestsPrevalencePrognosisRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentSmokingTime FactorsUnited StatesVascular CalcificationConceptsCoronary artery calciumCoronary heart diseaseRisk factorsCause-specific mortalityRF burdenCause mortalityArtery calciumCAC scoreCVD mortalityAbsence of CACHigher CAC scoresCHD mortality ratesCurrent cigarette smokingCardiovascular disease deathsCAC ConsortiumCAC testingMulticenter cohortCigarette smokingDisease deathsHeart diseasePrognostic informationBaseline riskFamily historyMost deathsMortality rateAssociation of Hospital Payment Profiles With Variation in 30-Day Medicare Cost for Inpatients With Heart Failure or Pneumonia
Krumholz HM, Wang Y, Wang K, Lin Z, Bernheim SM, Xu X, Desai NR, Normand ST. Association of Hospital Payment Profiles With Variation in 30-Day Medicare Cost for Inpatients With Heart Failure or Pneumonia. JAMA Network Open 2019, 2: e1915604. PMID: 31730185, PMCID: PMC6902811, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.15604.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHeart failureSame patientSame diagnosisMortality rateRisk-standardized mortality ratesHighest quartile hospitalsObservational cohort studyMedian hospitalQuartile hospitalsIndex hospitalizationCohort studyCritical access hospitalsPatient characteristicsHospital variationAcute careEpisode paymentsPrincipal diagnosisMAIN OUTCOMEMedicare feePneumoniaMedicare beneficiariesPatientsCase mixService Part ADifferent hospitalsPulmonary Embolism Hospitalization, Readmission, and Mortality Rates in US Older Adults, 1999-2015
Bikdeli B, Wang Y, Jimenez D, Parikh SA, Monreal M, Goldhaber SZ, Krumholz HM. Pulmonary Embolism Hospitalization, Readmission, and Mortality Rates in US Older Adults, 1999-2015. JAMA 2019, 322: 574-576. PMID: 31408124, PMCID: PMC6692667, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.8594.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchComparative Effectiveness of New Approaches to Improve Mortality Risk Models From Medicare Claims Data
Krumholz HM, Coppi AC, Warner F, Triche EW, Li SX, Mahajan S, Li Y, Bernheim SM, Grady J, Dorsey K, Lin Z, Normand ST. Comparative Effectiveness of New Approaches to Improve Mortality Risk Models From Medicare Claims Data. JAMA Network Open 2019, 2: e197314. PMID: 31314120, PMCID: PMC6647547, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.7314.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionICD-9-CM codesMortality risk modelHeart failureHospital admissionC-statisticMAIN OUTCOMEMortality rateRisk-standardized mortality ratesHospital risk-standardized mortality ratesIndex admission diagnosisPatients 65 yearsDays of hospitalizationComparative effectiveness studiesClaims-based dataHospital-level performance measuresMedicare claims dataPatient-level modelsCMS modelRisk-adjustment modelsRisk modelHospital performance measuresAdmission diagnosisNinth RevisionMyocardial infarctionEvaluation of 30-Day Hospital Readmission and Mortality Rates Using Regression-Discontinuity Framework
Khera R, Wang Y, Nasir K, Lin Z, Krumholz HM. Evaluation of 30-Day Hospital Readmission and Mortality Rates Using Regression-Discontinuity Framework. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2019, 74: 219-234. PMID: 31296295, PMCID: PMC8669780, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.04.060.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionHospital Readmissions Reduction ProgramHeart failureReadmission ratesElderly Medicare feeMedian readmission rateReadmissions Reduction ProgramPost-discharge daysInstitution of strategiesHospital readmissionReadmission riskMyocardial infarctionReadmission reductionCardiovascular conditionsEligible hospitalsMedicare feeReadmission penaltiesMortality rateDay 1Day 30ReadmissionDay 60HospitalU.S. hospitalsHospitalizationDigoxin Use and Associated Adverse Events Among Older Adults
Angraal S, Nuti SV, Masoudi FA, Freeman JV, Murugiah K, Shah ND, Desai NR, Ranasinghe I, Wang Y, Krumholz HM. Digoxin Use and Associated Adverse Events Among Older Adults. The American Journal Of Medicine 2019, 132: 1191-1198. PMID: 31077654, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.04.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRate of hospitalizationDigoxin useDigoxin toxicityNational Prescription AuditMedicare feeService beneficiariesDigoxin prescriptionAssociated adverse eventsAdverse eventsCohort studyAdverse outcomesSecondary diagnosisNational cohortPrescription auditPrescription trendsClinical guidelinesHospitalizationMortality rateClinical practiceOlder adultsSubsequent outcomesOutcomesToxicityPrescriptionNational-level trendsAssociation of in-hospital resource utilization with post-acute spending in Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction: a cross-sectional study
Nuti SV, Li SX, Xu X, Ott LS, Lagu T, Desai NR, Murugiah K, Duan M, Martin J, Kim N, Krumholz HM. Association of in-hospital resource utilization with post-acute spending in Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research 2019, 19: 190. PMID: 30909904, PMCID: PMC6432744, DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4018-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarctionPost-acute care costsPost-acute care utilizationOverall episode costsPremier Healthcare DatabaseHospital resource utilizationStudy of patientsCross-sectional studyGreater resource utilizationPost-acute periodHigh cost tertilesHigh-cost hospitalsHospital meanResultsAmong patientsReadmission ratesCare utilizationHospitalization costsEpisode costsMedicare feeTertileMedicare beneficiariesMortality rateHealthcare databasesService beneficiariesAssociation of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Use With Mortality Rates in Older Adults With Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Bikdeli B, Wang Y, Jimenez D, Ross JS, Monreal M, Goldhaber SZ, Krumholz HM. Association of Inferior Vena Cava Filter Use With Mortality Rates in Older Adults With Acute Pulmonary Embolism. JAMA Internal Medicine 2019, 179: 263-265. PMID: 30535318, PMCID: PMC6439651, DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.5287.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2018
Racial Disparities in Patient Characteristics and Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Graham GN, Jones PG, Chan PS, Arnold SV, Krumholz HM, Spertus JA. Racial Disparities in Patient Characteristics and Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction. JAMA Network Open 2018, 1: e184240. PMID: 30646346, PMCID: PMC6324589, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.4240.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionWhite patientsBlack patientsMortality rate differencesMortality ratePatient characteristicsMyocardial infarctionPropensity scoreAcute Myocardial Infarction Patients' Health Status (TRIUMPH) registrySelf-identified black patientsObserved survival differencesNational Death IndexTime of admissionLower propensity scoreProspective registryClinical characteristicsCohort studyDeath IndexHighest quintileBlack raceC-statisticSurvival differencesWorse outcomesMAIN OUTCOMEPatientsAssociation of Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities With Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Pneumonia
Downing NS, Wang C, Gupta A, Wang Y, Nuti SV, Ross JS, Bernheim SM, Lin Z, Normand ST, Krumholz HM. Association of Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities With Outcomes Among Patients Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Pneumonia. JAMA Network Open 2018, 1: e182044. PMID: 30646146, PMCID: PMC6324513, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.2044.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overBlack PeopleCohort StudiesFee-for-Service PlansFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHeart FailureHospitalizationHospitalsHumansMaleMedicareMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionOutcome Assessment, Health CarePneumoniaRacial GroupsRetrospective StudiesSocial ClassUnited StatesWhite PeopleConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionRisk-standardized mortality ratesRisk-standardized readmission ratesReadmission ratesHeart failureMyocardial infarctionMortality rateIntraclass correlation coefficientAnalysis cohortBlack patientsHospital proportionSocioeconomic disparitiesHospital analysisRisk-standardized outcomesRisk-standardized ratesRetrospective cohort studySocioeconomic statusNeighborhood income levelHospital performanceHospital outcomesCohort studyNumber of hospitalsBroader systemic effectsPatient raceMAIN OUTCOMESex and Race Differences in the Utilization and Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Among Medicare Beneficiaries, 1999–2014
Angraal S, Khera R, Wang Y, Lu Y, Jean R, Dreyer RP, Geirsson A, Desai NR, Krumholz HM. Sex and Race Differences in the Utilization and Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Among Medicare Beneficiaries, 1999–2014. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2018, 7: e009014. PMID: 30005557, PMCID: PMC6064835, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCoronary artery bypassCABG utilizationArtery bypassUse of CABGService Medicare beneficiariesCalendar year trendsCABG mortalityUnderwent CABGReadmission ratesCABG proceduresWhite patientsBlack patientsPatient groupMedicare beneficiariesMedicare feeMortality rateCABGAnnual declineWomenRacial subgroupsRacial differencesGreater declineOutcomesPatientsSex