2023
Update in the Treatment of the Complications of Cirrhosis
Abraldes J, Caraceni P, Ghabril M, Garcia-Tsao G. Update in the Treatment of the Complications of Cirrhosis. Clinical Gastroenterology And Hepatology 2023, 21: 2100-2109. PMID: 36972759, PMCID: PMC11097249, DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.03.019.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shuntVariceal hemorrhageHepatic encephalopathyPre-emptive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shuntsAcute variceal hemorrhageCombination of terlipressinAcute kidney injuryComplications of cirrhosisSecond-line treatmentSignificant portal hypertensionFirst-line treatmentLeast common causePrognosis of patientsOrnithine L-aspartatePresence of varicesIntrahepatic portosystemic shuntStandard of careQuality of lifeCyanoacrylate injectionHepatorenal syndromeUncomplicated ascitesKidney injuryPortal hypertensionRefractory ascitesAlbumin use
2018
Esophageal Varices
Jakab S, Garcia-Tsao G. Esophageal Varices. 2018, 195-208. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98506-0_15.Peer-Reviewed Educational MaterialsVariceal hemorrhageEsophageal varicesComplications of cirrhosisEsophageal variceal hemorrhageScreening/surveillanceSecondary prophylaxisVariceal bleedingLiver diseaseTreatment optionsCurrent recommendationsHigh riskCirrhosisPrevention strategiesVaricesComplicationsHemorrhagePatientsProphylaxisBleedingMortalityDiseaseEVHProgressionSeverity
2017
Management of Portal Hypertension
Garcia‐Tsao G, Abraldes J. Management of Portal Hypertension. 2017, 304-335. DOI: 10.1002/9781119251316.ch12.Peer-Reviewed Educational MaterialsComplications of cirrhosisPortal hypertensionVariceal hemorrhagePortal pressure gradientInferior vena cavaObjective of treatmentGastroesophageal varicesPortal pressurePathological increaseVena cavaPortal veinCommon causeCirrhosisHypertensionComplicationsHemorrhageMost studiesVaricesDecompensationCavaPrimary and secondary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding
Jangouk P, Garcia-Tsao G. Primary and secondary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding. Techniques And Innovations In Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2017, 19: 84-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.tgie.2017.03.004.Peer-Reviewed Educational MaterialsHepatic venous pressure gradientPortal hypertensionVariceal hemorrhageHigh riskComplications of cirrhosisSignificant portal hypertensionVenous pressure gradientDevelopment of varicesEsophageal variceal bleedingIsolated complicationSecondary prophylaxisCompensated cirrhosisDirect complicationsVariceal bleedingClinical decompensationPortal pressureEsophageal varicesCompensated stageChronic conditionsCirrhosisVaricesComplicationsHemorrhageDecompensationPatients
2016
Effect of Current Therapies Aimed at Preventing Variceal Rebleeding on Other Complications of Cirrhosis
Ripoll C, Augustin S, Reiberger T, Moreau R, Salerno F, Albillos A, Abraldes J, Garcia-Tsao G. Effect of Current Therapies Aimed at Preventing Variceal Rebleeding on Other Complications of Cirrhosis. 2016, 333-339. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23018-4_33.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchComplications of cirrhosisNon-bleeding complicationsNonselective beta blockersBeta blockersLower incidenceSecondary prophylaxisHepatic encephalopathyHepatocellular carcinomaBeneficial effectsLower dysfunction rateNon-hemodynamic effectsDysfunction rateVariceal bleedingCurrent therapiesCovered stentsHemodynamic responseBetter survivalComplicationsCirrhosisBlockersProphylaxisAscitesEarly TIPSIncidencePatientsIntroduction and Survey Results
Garcia-Tsao G, Ripoll C, Augustin S, Reiberger T, Albillos A, Moreau R, Salerno F, Abraldes J. Introduction and Survey Results. 2016, 303-309. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23018-4_30.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchComplications of cirrhosisRecurrent variceal hemorrhageVariceal hemorrhageDifferent prognostic stagesEndpoints of trialsPresence of varicesInvestigation of patientsCompensated patientsCurrent therapiesSpecific therapyDifferent prognosisPrognostic stageHemorrhageCirrhosisPatientsComplicationsTherapyDifferent efficacyVaricesDecompensationPrognosisRecurrenceIssues in Trial Design and Areas Needing Further Research
Abraldes J, Salerno F, Augustin S, Ripoll C, Reiberger T, Moreau R, Albillos A, Garcia-Tsao G. Issues in Trial Design and Areas Needing Further Research. 2016, 355-363. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23018-4_35.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsPrimary end pointVariceal bleedingEnd pointTrial designAppropriate primary end pointVariceal bleeding episodesComplications of cirrhosisNew therapeutic approachesBleeding episodesMultiple complicationsTherapeutic trialsCase mortalityTherapeutic approachesHigh riskLower riskPatientsClinical scenariosComplicationsBleedingPrevious trialsCirrhosisSecond complicationMortalityTrialsDeath
2012
Prognostic indicators of survival in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis
Zipprich A, Garcia‐Tsao G, Rogowski S, Fleig WE, Seufferlein T, Dollinger MM. Prognostic indicators of survival in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Liver International 2012, 32: 1407-1414. PMID: 22679906, PMCID: PMC3713489, DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2012.02830.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatic venous pressure gradientPredictors of deathCompensated patientsPortal hypertensionPrognostic valueComplications of cirrhosisSignificant portal hypertensionStage 2 patientsVenous pressure gradientDecompensated patientsSystemic haemodynamicsVariceal hemorrhagePortal pressureIndependent predictorsMultivariable analysisClinical eventsDecompensated stagePrognostic indicatorStaging systemLonger survivalBACKGROUND/CirrhosisPatientsSurvival rateAnalyse survival
2005
Bacterial translocation (BT) in cirrhosis
Wiest R, Garcia‐Tsao G. Bacterial translocation (BT) in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2005, 41: 422-433. PMID: 15723320, DOI: 10.1002/hep.20632.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsComplications of cirrhosisBacterial translocationPrevention of BTMucosal barrier functionAdaptive immune responsesPrevention of infectionNew therapeutic targetsImmunological defense mechanismsHuman cirrhosisIntestinal pathophysiologyCirrhosisImmune responseTherapeutic approachesIntestinal floraTherapeutic targetAnatomical sitesGut floraBarrier functionComplicationsMultiple mechanismsPathogenesisPreventionCurrent knowledgeDefense mechanismsAlterations
2002
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting versus paracentesis plus albumin for refractory ascites in cirrhosis
Ginès P, Uriz J, Calahorra B, Garcia–Tsao G, Kamath PS, Del Arbol LR, Planas R, Bosch J, Arroyo V, Rodés J, Cirrhosis F. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting versus paracentesis plus albumin for refractory ascites in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2002, 123: 1839-1847. PMID: 12454841, DOI: 10.1053/gast.2002.37073.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAscitesBacterial InfectionsFemaleGastrointestinal HemorrhageHepatic EncephalopathyHormonesHumansInjections, IntravenousKidneyLiverLiver CirrhosisMaleMiddle AgedParacentesisPeritonitisPortasystemic Shunt, Transjugular IntrahepaticRetreatmentSerum AlbuminSeverity of Illness IndexSurvival AnalysisConceptsTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shuntRefractory ascitesParacentesis groupLiver transplantationHepatorenal syndromeTIPS groupTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shuntingBlood urea nitrogen levelsChild-Pugh scoreComplications of cirrhosisIntrahepatic portosystemic shuntRecurrence of ascitesSevere hepatic encephalopathyUrea nitrogen levelsIntravenous albuminPrimary endpointSecondary endpointsHepatic encephalopathyPortosystemic shuntingPortosystemic shuntAscites recurrenceParacentesisHealthcare costsAscitesProbability of survival
2001
Current management of the complications of cirrhosis and portal hypertension: Variceal hemorrhage, ascites, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Garcia–Tsao G. Current management of the complications of cirrhosis and portal hypertension: Variceal hemorrhage, ascites, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterology 2001, 120: 726-748. PMID: 11179247, DOI: 10.1053/gast.2001.22580.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsComplications of cirrhosisSpontaneous bacterial peritonitisPortal hypertensionVariceal hemorrhageBacterial peritonitisCurrent management
2000
Portal hypertension
Garcia-Tsao G. Portal hypertension. Current Opinion In Gastroenterology 2000, 16: 282-289. PMID: 17023887, DOI: 10.1097/00001574-200005000-00012.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsComplications of cirrhosisPortal hypertensionHyperdynamic circulationHepatic insufficiencyCirrhosis portal hypertensionChronic liver diseaseHepatorenal syndromeRenal vasoconstrictionSinusoidal hypertensionGastroesophageal varicesPeripheral vasodilatationHemodynamic abnormalitiesPortosystemic encephalopathyLiver diseaseSodium retentionNeurohumoral systemsHypertensionCirrhosisMajor syndromesVasodilatationComplicationsSyndromeInsufficiencyVaricesVasoconstriction
1999
Portal hypertension
Garcia-Tsao G. Portal hypertension. Current Opinion In Gastroenterology 1999, 15: 260-269. PMID: 17023954, DOI: 10.1097/00001574-199905000-00012.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsComplications of cirrhosisPortal hypertensionHyperdynamic circulationHepatic insufficiencyChronic liver diseaseRenal vasoconstrictionSinusoidal hypertensionGastroesophageal varicesHepatopulmonary syndromePeripheral vasodilatationHemodynamic abnormalitiesPortosystemic encephalopathyLiver diseaseSodium retentionPulmonary circulationNeurohumoral systemsCirrhosisHypertensionMajor syndromesVasodilatationSyndrome resultsComplicationsEnd stageSyndromeInsufficiency
1998
Portal hypertension
Garcia-Tsao G. Portal hypertension. Current Opinion In Gastroenterology 1998, 14: 256-264. DOI: 10.1097/00001574-199805000-00012.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsComplications of cirrhosisPortal hypertensionHepatic insufficiencySpontaneous bacterial peritonitisInsufficiency contributesVariceal hemorrhageCirrhotic patientsBacterial peritonitisLive diseaseHypertensionMajor syndromesCirrhosisComplicationsInsufficiencyVaricesPeritonitisAscitesHemorrhagePatientsSyndromeDisease
1997
Portal hypertension
Garcia-Tsao G. Portal hypertension. Current Opinion In Gastroenterology 1997, 13: 263-270. DOI: 10.1097/00001574-199705000-00013.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsComplications of cirrhosisPortal hypertensionHepatic insufficiencyChronic liver diseaseSpontaneous bacterial peritonitisInsufficiency contributesVariceal hemorrhageCirrhotic patientsPortosystemic encephalopathyBacterial peritonitisLiver diseaseHypertensionMajor syndromesCirrhosisComplicationsEnd stageInsufficiencyVaricesPeritonitisAscitesHemorrhagePatientsEncephalopathyPathophysiologySyndrome
1995
Cirrhotic ascites: pathogenesis and management.
Garcia-Tsao G. Cirrhotic ascites: pathogenesis and management. The Gastroenterologist 1995, 3: 41-54. PMID: 7743121.BooksConceptsPathogenesis of ascitesComplications of cirrhosisNegative sodium balanceAccumulation of fluidSinusoidal hypertensionLiver transplantationSalt restrictionPortosystemic shuntingPeripheral vasoconstrictorNonsurgical sideIntravascular volumeCurrent therapiesIntraperitoneal fluidSodium balanceTherapeutic priorityTherapeutic measuresPeritoneal spacePeritoneal cavitySystemic circulationAscitesEfflux of fluidPatientsDiureticsPathogenesisFuture studies