2005
Examining Empathy in Medical Encounters: An Observational Study Using the Empathic Communication Coding System
Bylund C, Makoul G. Examining Empathy in Medical Encounters: An Observational Study Using the Empathic Communication Coding System. Health Communication 2005, 18: 123-140. PMID: 16083407, DOI: 10.1207/s15327027hc1802_2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEmpathic Communication Coding SystemEmpathic opportunitiesGeneral internal medicine clinicInternal medicine clinicPhysician-patient relationshipInitial visitMedicine clinicPatient preferencesObservational studyPhysician responsesPatientsPatients' statementsMedical encountersPhysiciansMean lengthVisitsLevel of empathyEmpathic responsesFurther researchResponseClinicClinicians
2002
Empathic communication and gender in the physician–patient encounter
Bylund C, Makoul G. Empathic communication and gender in the physician–patient encounter. Patient Education And Counseling 2002, 48: 207-216. PMID: 12477605, DOI: 10.1016/s0738-3991(02)00173-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAttitude of Health PersonnelAttitude to HealthCommunicationData CollectionEmotionsEmpathyFemaleForms and Records ControlHumansInternal MedicineMaleMenOffice VisitsPhysician-Patient RelationsPhysicians, WomenSensitivity and SpecificitySexSurveys and QuestionnairesVideotape RecordingWomenConceptsEmpathic Communication Coding SystemFemale patientsEmpathic opportunitiesEmpathic communicationPhysician communication behaviorsPhysician-patient encountersPhysician-patient relationshipMale patientsOffice visitsPatient genderGeneral internistsPatientsGender differencesFemale physiciansMedical encountersPhysiciansMore emotional intensityPatient's creationComparable numberSensitive toolModest gender differencesGenderInternistsInitial validationVisits