2022
PCI in Patients With Heart Failure: Current Evidence, Impact of Complete Revascularization, and Contemporary Techniques to Improve Outcomes
Ahmad Y, Petrie M, Jolicoeur E, Madhavan M, Velazquez E, Moses J, Lansky A, Stone G. PCI in Patients With Heart Failure: Current Evidence, Impact of Complete Revascularization, and Contemporary Techniques to Improve Outcomes. Journal Of The Society For Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions 2022, 1: 100020. PMID: 39132568, PMCID: PMC11307477, DOI: 10.1016/j.jscai.2022.100020.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPercutaneous coronary interventionLeft ventricular systolic dysfunctionCoronary artery diseaseHeart failureComplete revascularizationMedical therapyClinical outcomesClinical trialsCoronary artery bypassVentricular systolic dysfunctionClinical trial evidenceHigh operative riskHigh-risk patientsMajor cardiac surgeryExtent of revascularizationMinority of patientsFuture clinical trialsArtery bypassCause mortalityPeriprocedural complicationsSystolic dysfunctionCoronary interventionOperative riskArtery diseaseCardiac surgery
2019
Percutaneous coronary intervention outcomes in patients with stable coronary disease and left ventricular systolic dysfunction
DeVore AD, Yow E, Krucoff MW, Sherwood MW, Shaw LK, Chiswell K, O'Connor CM, Ohman EM, Velazquez EJ. Percutaneous coronary intervention outcomes in patients with stable coronary disease and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. ESC Heart Failure 2019, 6: 1233-1242. PMID: 31560171, PMCID: PMC6989282, DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12510.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStable coronary artery diseasePercutaneous coronary interventionCoronary artery diseaseVentricular systolic dysfunctionSevere left ventricular systolic dysfunctionLeft ventricular systolic dysfunctionSystolic dysfunctionMedical therapyCardiovascular hospitalizationAddition of PCICanadian Cardiovascular Society class IIIImpact of PCIPercutaneous coronary intervention outcomesDuke University Medical CenterComposite of mortalityPropensity-matched cohortStable coronary diseaseAcute coronary syndromeHigh-risk patientsLong-term mortalityVentricular ejection fractionCox proportional hazardsUniversity Medical CenterCause mortalityCoronary syndrome
2015
Influence of Baseline Characteristics, Operative Conduct, and Postoperative Course on 30-Day Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Among Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Wrobel K, Stevens SR, Jones RH, Selzman CH, Lamy A, Beaver TM, Djokovic LT, Wang N, Velazquez EJ, Sopko G, Kron IL, DiMaio JM, Michler RE, Lee KL, Yii M, Leng CY, Zembala M, Rouleau JL, Daly RC, Al-Khalidi HR. Influence of Baseline Characteristics, Operative Conduct, and Postoperative Course on 30-Day Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Among Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction. Circulation 2015, 132: 720-730. PMID: 26304663, PMCID: PMC4551105, DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.014932.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCoronary artery diseaseCoronary artery bypassLeft ventricular dysfunctionVentricular dysfunctionArtery diseaseArtery bypassBaseline characteristicsMedical therapyOperative conductSevere left ventricular dysfunctionAtrial fibrillation/flutterSevere coronary artery diseaseLeft ventricular ejection fractionGreater operative riskSignificant preoperative predictorsCardiopulmonary bypass timeHigh-risk patientsIschemic heart failureSerious postoperative complicationsVentricular ejection fractionLeft ventricular sizeSurgical ventricular reconstructionGreater clinical benefitCABG populationSTICH trialThe MitraClip and survival in patients with mitral regurgitation at high risk for surgery: A propensity-matched comparison
Velazquez EJ, Samad Z, Al-Khalidi HR, Sangli C, Grayburn PA, Massaro JM, Stevens SR, Feldman TE, Krucoff MW. The MitraClip and survival in patients with mitral regurgitation at high risk for surgery: A propensity-matched comparison. American Heart Journal 2015, 170: 1050-1059.e3. PMID: 26542516, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.08.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMitraClip patientsCox proportional hazards modelPropensity-matched comparisonSevere MR patientsHigh surgical riskHigh-risk patientsNon-surgical treatmentKaplan-Meier estimatesMitral regurgitation patientsProportional hazards modelSurvival benefitMedical therapySurgical riskMitral regurgitationRelative riskBaseline differencesHigh riskMR patientsHazards modelMitraClipPatientsFurther adjustmentLaboratory databasePropensity scorePatient matchingRevascularization in Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Velazquez EJ, Bonow RO. Revascularization in Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2015, 65: 615-624. PMID: 25677320, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.10.070.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLeft ventricular systolic dysfunctionVentricular systolic dysfunctionShort-term riskSurgical revascularizationSystolic dysfunctionSevere left ventricular systolic dysfunctionCoronary artery bypass graft surgeryArtery bypass graft surgeryHigh-risk patient populationBypass graft surgeryReduced ejection fractionCornerstone of treatmentHigh-risk patientsMitral valve surgerySurgical ventricular reconstructionGreater short-term riskImplantable device therapyQuality of lifeMultivessel diseaseGraft surgeryValve surgerySurgery needDevice therapyEjection fractionHeart failure
2014
Quality-of-life outcomes with coronary artery bypass graft surgery in ischemic left ventricular dysfunction: a randomized trial.
Mark DB, Knight JD, Velazquez EJ, Wasilewski J, Howlett JG, Smith PK, Spertus JA, Rajda M, Yadav R, Hamman BL, Malinowski M, Naik A, Rankin G, Harding TM, Drew LA, Desvigne-Nickens P, Anstrom KJ. Quality-of-life outcomes with coronary artery bypass graft surgery in ischemic left ventricular dysfunction: a randomized trial. Annals Of Internal Medicine 2014, 161: 392-9. PMID: 25222386, PMCID: PMC4182862, DOI: 10.7326/m13-1380.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIschemic left ventricular dysfunctionLeft ventricular dysfunctionCoronary artery diseaseMedical therapyVentricular dysfunctionSTICH trialArtery diseaseKansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary scoreCoronary artery bypass graft surgeryGuideline-based medical therapyKansas City Cardiomyopathy QuestionnaireMultivessel coronary artery diseaseRoutine coronary artery bypassSymptomatic high-risk patientsArtery bypass graft surgeryLeft ventricular ejection fractionPrespecified secondary end pointsLife outcomesTreatment-related qualityBypass graft surgeryCoronary artery bypassMedical therapy groupSecondary end pointsHigh-risk patientsVentricular ejection fraction
2010
STICH (Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure) Trial Enrollment
Jones RH, White H, Velazquez EJ, Shaw LK, Pietrobon R, Panza JA, Bonow RO, Sopko G, O'Connor CM, Rouleau JL. STICH (Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure) Trial Enrollment. Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2010, 56: 490-498. PMID: 20670760, PMCID: PMC3259709, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.102.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLow-risk patientsSTICH trialRAR groupBaseline characteristicsCardiac surgeryIschemic cardiomyopathyHigh-risk patientsNumber of patientsCountry of enrollmentSTICH patientsDuke DatabankRandomization groupTrial enrollmentCardiovascular diseaseRisk differencePatientsClinical decisionTrialsSurgeryCardiomyopathyRiskBroader populationEnrollment performanceDeathThirty-secondFatal myocardial rupture after acute myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both: The VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion Trial (VALIANT)
Shamshad F, Kenchaiah S, Finn PV, Soler-Soler J, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, Maggioni AP, Califf RM, Swedberg K, Kober L, Belenkov Y, Varshavsky S, Pfeffer MA, Solomon SD, Investigators F. Fatal myocardial rupture after acute myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both: The VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion Trial (VALIANT). American Heart Journal 2010, 160: 145-151. PMID: 20598985, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.02.037.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsQ-wave myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarctionMyocardial ruptureClinical end-point committeeHigh-risk myocardial infarctionAcute Myocardial Infarction trialEnd-point committeeNonfatal cardiovascular eventsPresence of hemopericardiumQualifying MIMyocardial Infarction trialHigh-risk patientsGlomerular filtration ratePost-MI patientsAcute myocardial infarctionInferior myocardial infarctionDirect surgical visualizationKillip classCardiovascular eventsDiuretic useOral anticoagulantsVentricular dysfunctionClinical characteristicsFatal complicationHeart failure
2009
Usefulness of Beta Blockers in High-Risk Patients After Myocardial Infarction in Conjunction With Captopril and/or Valsartan (from the VALsartan In Acute Myocardial Infarction [VALIANT] Trial)
Califf RM, Lokhnygina Y, Velazquez EJ, McMurray JJ, Leimberger JD, Lewis EF, Diaz R, Murin J, Pfeffer MA. Usefulness of Beta Blockers in High-Risk Patients After Myocardial Infarction in Conjunction With Captopril and/or Valsartan (from the VALsartan In Acute Myocardial Infarction [VALIANT] Trial). The American Journal Of Cardiology 2009, 104: 151-157. PMID: 19576338, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.03.020.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcute DiseaseAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsAgedAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAntihypertensive AgentsCaptoprilDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisMyocardial InfarctionProspective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSurvival AnalysisTetrazolesTreatment OutcomeValineValsartanConceptsBeta blockersHeart failureMyocardial infarctionBaseline characteristicsAcute Myocardial Infarction trialAngiotensin receptor blocker valsartanCombination of valsartanNonfatal cardiovascular eventsAngiotensin receptor blockersBeta-blocker useMyocardial Infarction trialVentricular systolic dysfunctionHigh-risk patientsRisk of deathSignificant survival advantageCardiovascular eventsSystolic dysfunctionVentricular dysfunctionVentricular functionSurvival advantageLower riskPatientsMortality rateBlockersValsartanPatients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting have a poor outcome after myocardial infarction: an analysis of the VALsartan in acute myocardial iNfarcTion trial (VALIANT)
Berry C, Pieper KS, White HD, Solomon SD, Van de Werf F, Velazquez EJ, Maggioni AP, Califf RM, Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJ. Patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting have a poor outcome after myocardial infarction: an analysis of the VALsartan in acute myocardial iNfarcTion trial (VALIANT). European Heart Journal 2009, 30: 1450-1456. PMID: 19346225, DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp102.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrior CABG patientsCoronary artery bypassMyocardial infarctionCABG patientsPrior CABGHeart failureArtery bypassNon-Q-wave myocardial infarctionPrior coronary artery bypassAcute Myocardial Infarction trialPrimary percutaneous coronary interventionKaplan-Meier ratesSecondary preventive therapyWorse clinical profileMyocardial Infarction trialVentricular systolic dysfunctionHigh-risk patientsPercutaneous coronary interventionAcute myocardial infarctionNumber of patientsNon-fatal outcomesHospital presentationLess aspirinMore comorbiditiesCardiovascular deathChronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an independent predictor of death but not atherosclerotic events in patients with myocardial infarction: analysis of the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT)
Hawkins NM, Huang Z, Pieper KS, Solomon SD, Kober L, Velazquez EJ, Swedberg K, Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJ, Maggioni AP, Investigators F. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an independent predictor of death but not atherosclerotic events in patients with myocardial infarction: analysis of the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT). European Journal Of Heart Failure 2009, 11: 292-298. PMID: 19176539, PMCID: PMC2645058, DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfp001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAngiotensin II Type 1 Receptor BlockersAntihypertensive AgentsAtherosclerosisCause of DeathConfidence IntervalsDouble-Blind MethodFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionOdds RatioPrognosisProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveSurvival RateTetrazolesTime FactorsValineValsartanConceptsChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseObstructive pulmonary diseaseAcute Myocardial Infarction trialMyocardial Infarction trialPulmonary diseaseAcute myocardial infarctionAtherosclerotic eventsMyocardial infarctionIndependent predictorsCV outcomesHazard ratioNon-fatal clinical eventsNon-CV deathAdjusted hazard ratioMajor cardiovascular eventsHigh-risk patientsRisk of deathProportional hazards modelMode of deathMedian followCardiovascular eventsCause mortalityAirway diseaseMultivariate adjustmentUnadjusted risk
2008
Benazepril plus Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide for Hypertension in High-Risk Patients
Jamerson K, Weber MA, Bakris GL, Dahlöf B, Pitt B, Shi V, Hester A, Gupte J, Gatlin M, Velazquez EJ. Benazepril plus Amlodipine or Hydrochlorothiazide for Hypertension in High-Risk Patients. New England Journal Of Medicine 2008, 359: 2417-2428. PMID: 19052124, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0806182.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNonfatal myocardial infarctionCardiovascular eventsNonfatal strokeCardiovascular causesMyocardial infarctionHigh riskEnd pointDihydropyridine calcium channel blockerCurrent U.S. guidelinesComposite of deathDouble-blind trialPrimary end pointPrimary outcome eventSecondary end pointsHigh-risk patientsAbsolute risk reductionRelative risk reductionCalcium channel blockersCombination drug therapySudden cardiac arrestRisk reductionCoronary revascularizationStudy drugAdverse eventsBaseline characteristics
2006
Racial Differences Among High-Risk Patients Presenting With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (Results from the SYNERGY Trial)††Disclosure: Drs. Mahaffey, Cohen, Newby, Ferguson, and Califf have received honoria for speaking from sanofi-aventis. Drs. Mahaffey, Ferguson, and Califf have acted as consultants for sanofi-aventis. Drs. Echols, Velazquez, Santos, and Gurfinkel have no financial relationships to disclose.
Echols MR, Mahaffey KW, Banerjee A, Pieper KS, Stebbins A, Lansky A, Cohen MG, Velazquez E, Santos R, Newby LK, Gurfinkel EP, Biasucci L, Ferguson JJ, Califf RM. Racial Differences Among High-Risk Patients Presenting With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (Results from the SYNERGY Trial)††Disclosure: Drs. Mahaffey, Cohen, Newby, Ferguson, and Califf have received honoria for speaking from sanofi-aventis. Drs. Mahaffey, Ferguson, and Califf have acted as consultants for sanofi-aventis. Drs. Echols, Velazquez, Santos, and Gurfinkel have no financial relationships to disclose. The American Journal Of Cardiology 2006, 99: 315-321. PMID: 17261389, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.08.031.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute coronary syndromeAfrican American patientsMyocardial infarctionWhite patientsCoronary syndromeSegment elevation (NSTE) ACSST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromeElevation acute coronary syndromeBaseline clinical characteristicsFrequency of hypertensionNonfatal myocardial infarctionThirty-day deathCoronary artery bypassHigh-risk patientsOutcomes of patientsSanofi-AventisPercutaneous coronary interventionUse of angiographyNorth American patientsRacial differencesAfrican AmericansSYNERGY trialArtery bypassClinical characteristicsCoronary interventionLong-term outcomes of left bundle branch block in high-risk survivors of acute myocardial infarction: The VALIANT experience
Stephenson K, Skali H, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, Aylward PG, Kober L, Van de Werf F, White HD, Pieper KS, Califf RM, Solomon SD, Pfeffer MA. Long-term outcomes of left bundle branch block in high-risk survivors of acute myocardial infarction: The VALIANT experience. Heart Rhythm 2006, 4: 308-313. PMID: 17341394, DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2006.11.021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overAngiotensin II Type 1 Receptor BlockersAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsBundle-Branch BlockCaptoprilElectrocardiographyFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHeart FailureHumansMaleMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisMyocardial InfarctionPredictive Value of TestsProportional Hazards ModelsResearch DesignRisk FactorsStroke VolumeSurvival AnalysisSurvivorsTetrazolesTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeValineValsartanVentricular Dysfunction, LeftConceptsNew left bundle branch blockLeft bundle branch blockLV systolic dysfunctionHigh-risk survivorsHeart failureMyocardial infarctionBundle branch blockSystolic dysfunctionCardiovascular outcomesIndependent predictorsBranch blockLeft ventricular systolic dysfunctionLong-term cardiovascular complicationsMajor adverse cardiovascular outcomesAcute Myocardial Infarction trialBaseline ECG dataMajor cardiovascular outcomesPost-MI survivorsComposite of deathMyocardial Infarction trialVentricular systolic dysfunctionAdverse cardiovascular outcomesHigh-risk patientsLV ejection fractionLong-term outcomesGeographic variation in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in the VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion (VALIANT) trial
Reed SD, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, Schulman KA, Califf RM, Kober L, Maggioni AP, Van de Werf F, White HD, Diaz R, Mareev V, Murin J, Committees and Investigators F. Geographic variation in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in the VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion (VALIANT) trial. American Heart Journal 2006, 152: 500-508. PMID: 16923421, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.02.032.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigh-risk patientsAcute myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarctionReperfusion therapyBaseline characteristicsVALIANT trialLeft ventricular systolic dysfunctionTime of MIAcute Myocardial Infarction trialSafety of captoprilMyocardial Infarction trialPatient baseline characteristicsUse of aspirinVentricular systolic dysfunctionProportion of patientsCare of patientsEvidence-based therapiesMultivariable regression modelsSystolic dysfunctionHeart failureTrial populationKey treatmentPatientsInternational trialInternational guidelinesExtent of coronary artery disease as a predictor of outcomes in acute myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both
Janardhanan R, Kenchaiah S, Velazquez EJ, Park Y, McMurray JJ, Weaver WD, Finn PV, White HD, Marin-Neto JA, O'Connor C, Pfeffer MA, Califf RM, Solomon SD, Investigators F. Extent of coronary artery disease as a predictor of outcomes in acute myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. American Heart Journal 2006, 152: 183-189. PMID: 16824854, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.11.013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExtent of CADCoronary artery diseaseAcute myocardial infarctionHeart failureCV outcomesMyocardial infarctionCause mortalityArtery diseaseSeverity of CADVentricular systolic dysfunctionAdverse CV outcomesHigh-risk patientsIndependent risk factorSingle-vessel diseasePredictors of outcomeProportional hazards modelCoronary angiography dataCaptopril monotherapyValsartan monotherapyCardiovascular outcomesSystolic dysfunctionVentricular dysfunctionHazard ratioEjection fractionPoor outcome
2005
Sudden Death in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Heart Failure, or Both
Solomon SD, Zelenkofske S, McMurray JJ, Finn PV, Velazquez E, Ertl G, Harsanyi A, Rouleau JL, Maggioni A, Kober L, White H, Van de Werf F, Pieper K, Califf RM, Pfeffer MA. Sudden Death in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Heart Failure, or Both. New England Journal Of Medicine 2005, 352: 2581-2588. PMID: 15972864, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa043938.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLeft ventricular ejection fractionVentricular ejection fractionLeft ventricular dysfunctionMyocardial infarctionCardiac arrestSudden deathVentricular dysfunctionEjection fractionHeart failureLeft ventricular systolic functionHigh-risk patientsVentricular systolic functionSudden unexpected deathAcute myocardial infarctionCardiac causesHospital dischargeSystolic functionPercent confidence intervalsUnexpected deathHigh riskInfarctionPatientsResuscitationDysfunctionDeath
2004
Newly Diagnosed and Previously Known Diabetes Mellitus and 1-Year Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Aguilar D, Solomon SD, Køber L, Rouleau JL, Skali H, McMurray JJ, Francis GS, Henis M, O’Connor C, Diaz R, Belenkov YN, Varshavsky S, Leimberger JD, Velazquez EJ, Califf RM, Pfeffer MA. Newly Diagnosed and Previously Known Diabetes Mellitus and 1-Year Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2004, 110: 1572-1578. PMID: 15364810, DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000142047.28024.f2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAngiotensin II Type 1 Receptor BlockersAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsCaptoprilCohort StudiesComorbidityDiabetes ComplicationsDiabetes MellitusDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHeart FailureHumansLife TablesMaleMedical RecordsMiddle AgedMulticenter Studies as TopicMyocardial InfarctionProportional Hazards ModelsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRiskStrokeTetrazolesTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeValineValsartanVentricular Dysfunction, LeftConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarctionCardiovascular eventsDiabetes mellitusAdverse outcomesAcute Myocardial Infarction trialPoor long-term outcomesMajor cardiovascular eventsMyocardial Infarction trialHigh-risk patientsRisk of deathLong-term outcomesRisk of mortalityBaseline characteristicsDiabetic statusComorbid conditionsMetabolic abnormalitiesPrior diagnosisPoor prognosisNew diagnosisDiabetesPatientsMellitusOutcomesInfarction
2000
Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT): Rationale and design
Pfeffer M, McMurray J, Leizorovicz A, Maggioni A, Rouleau J, Van de Werf F, Henis M, Neuhart E, Gallo P, Edwards S, Sellers M, Velazquez E, Califf R, Investigators* F. Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT): Rationale and design. American Heart Journal 2000, 140: 727-750. PMID: 11054617, DOI: 10.1067/mhj.2000.108832.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAngiotensin IIAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAntihypertensive AgentsCaptoprilCause of DeathDouble-Blind MethodDrug Administration ScheduleDrug Therapy, CombinationHumansMulticenter Studies as TopicMyocardial InfarctionOdds RatioPatient SelectionProportional Hazards ModelsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicResearch DesignSample SizeTetrazolesValineValsartanConceptsAngiotensin II receptor blockersII receptor blockersAcute myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarctionReceptor blockersVentricular dysfunctionHeart failureAngiotensin II receptor blocker valsartanEnzyme inhibitorsMajor nonfatal cardiovascular eventsAcute Myocardial Infarction trialAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorDose of captoprilMultiple practice patternsNonfatal cardiovascular eventsUse of valsartanMyocardial Infarction trialReceptor blocker valsartanHigh-risk patientsLeft ventricular dysfunctionParallel-group studyRenin-angiotensin systemManagement of patientsCombination of captoprilLong-term treatment