2024
Hypertension Control During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Korves C, Peixoto A, Lucas B, Davies L, Weinberger D, Rentsch C, Vashi A, Young-Xu Y, King J, Asch S, Justice A. Hypertension Control During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Medical Care 2024, 62: 196-204. PMID: 38284412, PMCID: PMC10922611, DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001971.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHypertension controlFollow-up intervalPrimary care clinic visitsFollow-up lengthVeterans Health AdministrationControlled hypertensionUncontrolled hypertensionGeneralized estimating equationsCohort of individualsStudy inclusion criteriaHealth careHealth AdministrationLonger follow-up intervalsBlood pressure measurementsAssessed associationsClinic visitsInclusion criteriaDecreased likelihoodEstimating equationsPrepandemic periodLow likelihoodCoronavirus diseaseFollow-upHypertensionIndividuals
2022
Polypharmacy and medical intensive care unit (MICU) admission and 10-year all-cause mortality risk among hospitalized patients with and without HIV
Gordon KS, Crothers K, Butt AA, Edelman EJ, Gibert C, Pisani MM, Rodriguez-Barradas M, Wyatt C, Justice AC, Akgün KM. Polypharmacy and medical intensive care unit (MICU) admission and 10-year all-cause mortality risk among hospitalized patients with and without HIV. PLOS ONE 2022, 17: e0276769. PMID: 36302039, PMCID: PMC9612570, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276769.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsHIV InfectionsHospitalizationHumansIntensive Care UnitsPolypharmacyRetrospective StudiesConceptsMedical intensive care unit admissionIntensive care unit admissionCare unit admissionMICU admissionSeverity of illnessHazard ratioHIV statusUnit admissionCause mortalityHospitalized patientsElectronic health record cohortLevel of polypharmacyRetrospective cohort studyCause mortality riskCohort studyHIV infectionCox regressionPolypharmacyMortality riskFiscal year 2009AdmissionPatientsMortalitySubstance useStrong association
2021
Accuracy of the Veterans Health Administration COVID-19 (VACO) Index for predicting short-term mortality among 1307 US academic medical centre inpatients and 427 224 US Medicare patients
King JT, Yoon JS, Bredl ZM, Habboushe JP, Walker GA, Rentsch CT, Tate JP, Kashyap NM, Hintz RC, Chopra AP, Justice AC. Accuracy of the Veterans Health Administration COVID-19 (VACO) Index for predicting short-term mortality among 1307 US academic medical centre inpatients and 427 224 US Medicare patients. Journal Of Epidemiology & Community Health 2021, 76: 254-260. PMID: 34583962, PMCID: PMC8483922, DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-216697.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcademic Medical CentersAgedCOVID-19HumansInpatientsMedicareRetrospective StudiesSARS-CoV-2United StatesVeteransVeterans HealthConceptsVACO IndexShort-term mortalityAcademic medical centerCause mortalityMedicare inpatientMedical CenterSingle US academic medical centerCOVID-19 indexTime of diagnosisUS academic medical centersUS Medicare patientsGreater clinical attentionCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2Nationwide cohortComorbidity diagnosesMedicare cohortInpatient populationUS veteransMedicare patientsHospital dataMedicare dataOutpatient dataClinical attentionInpatientsProtease inhibitor-based direct-acting antivirals are associated with increased risk of aminotransferase elevations but not hepatic dysfunction or decompensation
Torgersen J, Newcomb CW, Carbonari DM, Rentsch CT, Park LS, Mezochow A, Mehta RL, Buchwalder L, Tate JP, Bräu N, Bhattacharya D, Lim JK, Taddei TH, Justice AC, Lo Re V. Protease inhibitor-based direct-acting antivirals are associated with increased risk of aminotransferase elevations but not hepatic dysfunction or decompensation. Journal Of Hepatology 2021, 75: 1312-1322. PMID: 34333102, PMCID: PMC8604762, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.07.021.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSevere hepatic dysfunctionBaseline FIB-4Acute liver injuryHepatic dysfunctionInhibitor-based treatmentHepatic decompensationFIB-4Liver injuryHigh riskDAA therapyHazard ratioAdvanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosisRisk of ALIProtease inhibitor-based regimensProtease inhibitor-based treatmentLiver fibrosis/cirrhosisInhibitor-based regimensHepatitis C infectionSevere liver dysfunctionFibrosis/cirrhosisInhibitor-based therapyAminotransferase elevationChronic HCVALT elevationC infectionPharmacoepidemiology, Machine Learning, and COVID-19: An Intent-to-Treat Analysis of Hydroxychloroquine, With or Without Azithromycin, and COVID-19 Outcomes Among Hospitalized US Veterans
Gerlovin H, Posner DC, Ho YL, Rentsch CT, Tate JP, King JT, Kurgansky KE, Danciu I, Costa L, Linares FA, Goethert ID, Jacobson DA, Freiberg MS, Begoli E, Muralidhar S, Ramoni RB, Tourassi G, Gaziano JM, Justice AC, Gagnon DR, Cho K. Pharmacoepidemiology, Machine Learning, and COVID-19: An Intent-to-Treat Analysis of Hydroxychloroquine, With or Without Azithromycin, and COVID-19 Outcomes Among Hospitalized US Veterans. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2021, 190: 2405-2419. PMID: 34165150, PMCID: PMC8384407, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab183.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAged, 80 and overAnti-Bacterial AgentsAzithromycinCOVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHospitalizationHumansHydroxychloroquineIntention to Treat AnalysisMachine LearningMaleMiddle AgedPharmacoepidemiologyRetrospective StudiesSARS-CoV-2Treatment OutcomeUnited StatesVeteransConceptsUS veteransCOVID-19Veterans Affairs Health Care SystemRecent randomized clinical trialsAdministration of hydroxychloroquineEffectiveness of hydroxychloroquineRisk of intubationEffect of hydroxychloroquineElectronic health record dataRandomized clinical trialsTreatment of patientsUS veteran populationCOVID-19 outcomesCoronavirus disease 2019Health record dataRigorous study designsHealth care systemSurvival benefitTreat analysisEarly therapyHospitalized populationClinical trialsObservational studyDisease 2019HydroxychloroquineAssociation between HIV and incident pulmonary hypertension in US Veterans: a retrospective cohort study
Duncan MS, Alcorn CW, Freiberg MS, So-Armah K, Patterson OV, DuVall SL, Crothers KA, Re VL, Butt AA, Lim JK, Kim JW, Tindle HA, Justice AC, Brittain EL. Association between HIV and incident pulmonary hypertension in US Veterans: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Healthy Longevity 2021, 2: e417-e425. PMID: 34296203, PMCID: PMC8294078, DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(21)00116-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCohort StudiesFemaleHIV InfectionsHIV SeropositivityHIV-1HumansHypertension, PulmonaryMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesVeteransConceptsIncident pulmonary hypertensionHIV viral loadPulmonary artery systolic pressureVeterans Aging Cohort StudyPulmonary hypertension riskPulmonary hypertensionRetrospective cohort studyCohort studyViral loadIncidence rateHypertension incidenceCD4 countHazard ratioHIV statusSystolic pressureHypertension riskHigh riskLow CD4 cell countsHepatitis C virus infectionHigher HIV viral loadChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCox proportional hazards regressionC virus infectionCD4 cell countPrevalent heart failureExcess burden of age-associated comorbidities among people living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based cohort study
Nanditha NGA, Paiero A, Tafessu HM, St-Jean M, McLinden T, Justice AC, Kopec J, Montaner JSG, Hogg RS, Lima VD. Excess burden of age-associated comorbidities among people living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2021, 11: e041734. PMID: 33419911, PMCID: PMC7799128, DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041734.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAnti-Retroviral AgentsBritish ColumbiaCohort StudiesFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansMaleRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultConceptsHIV-negative controlsAge-associated comorbiditiesPopulation-based cohort studyCohort studyPrevalence trendsDiagnosis of comorbiditiesHIV-negative counterpartsNon-AIDS comorbiditiesHIV-negative individualsProvincial administrative databasesHIV care modelAdministrative health dataAge-associated conditionsLongitudinal cohort dataEarly ageAIDS comorbiditiesLiver diseaseEligible participantsLung diseaseAdministrative databasesHigh prevalencePLWHComorbiditiesCare modelKruskal-Wallis test
2020
Patterns of COVID-19 testing and mortality by race and ethnicity among United States veterans: A nationwide cohort study
Rentsch CT, Kidwai-Khan F, Tate JP, Park LS, King JT, Skanderson M, Hauser RG, Schultze A, Jarvis CI, Holodniy M, Re V, Akgün KM, Crothers K, Taddei TH, Freiberg MS, Justice AC. Patterns of COVID-19 testing and mortality by race and ethnicity among United States veterans: A nationwide cohort study. PLOS Medicine 2020, 17: e1003379. PMID: 32960880, PMCID: PMC7508372, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003379.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBetacoronavirusBlack or African AmericanClinical Laboratory TechniquesCohort StudiesCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19COVID-19 TestingEthnicityFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsPneumonia, ViralRetrospective StudiesSARS-CoV-2United StatesVeteransWhite PeopleYoung AdultConceptsCOVID-19 testingRace/ethnicityCohort studyWhite individualsSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectionAcute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectionSyndrome coronavirus 2 infectionSARS-CoV-2 infectionCOVID-19Large integrated healthcare systemCoronavirus 2 infectionNationwide cohort studyRetrospective cohort studyCoronavirus disease 2019Site of careIntegrated healthcare systemNon-Hispanic blacksPositive test resultsNon-Hispanic whitesClinical characteristicsMultivariable adjustmentComorbid conditionsMedication historyEthnic minority communitiesDisease 2019Association of Alcohol Screening Scores With Adverse Mental Health Conditions and Substance Use Among US Adults
Khan MR, Young KE, Caniglia EC, Fiellin DA, Maisto SA, Marshall BDL, Edelman EJ, Gaither JR, Chichetto NE, Tate J, Bryant KJ, Severe M, Stevens ER, Justice A, Braithwaite SR. Association of Alcohol Screening Scores With Adverse Mental Health Conditions and Substance Use Among US Adults. JAMA Network Open 2020, 3: e200895. PMID: 32163167, PMCID: PMC7068229, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.0895.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAlcohol Use Disorders Identification TestAlcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-ConsumptionAUDIT-C scoresUse of tobaccoAlcohol screeningCohort studyInjection drugsCocaine useVeterans Aging Cohort StudyVeterans Health Administration facilitiesStimulant useAlcohol useAUDIT scoresAging Cohort StudyLongitudinal cohort studyVeterans Health AdministrationAdverse mental health conditionsSite of careFull Alcohol Use Disorders Identification TestMental health conditionsAlcohol Screening ScoresSelf-reported symptomsSymptoms of depressionDisorders Identification TestUse screening toolsDifferences in Pathology, Staging, and Treatment between HIV+ and Uninfected Patients with Microscopically Confirmed Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Torgersen J, Taddei TH, Park LS, Carbonari DM, Kallan MJ, Richards K, Zhang X, Jhala D, Bräu N, Homer R, D'Addeo K, Mehta R, Skanderson M, Kidwai-Khan F, Justice AC, Re V. Differences in Pathology, Staging, and Treatment between HIV+ and Uninfected Patients with Microscopically Confirmed Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2020, 29: 71-78. PMID: 31575557, PMCID: PMC6980754, DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0503.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAblation TechniquesCarcinoma, HepatocellularFemaleHepatectomyHIV InfectionsHospitals, VeteransHumansImmunologic SurveillanceKaplan-Meier EstimateLiverLiver CirrhosisLiver NeoplasmsLiver TransplantationMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm StagingRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTreatment OutcomeUnited StatesConceptsBarcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stageHIV statusHepatocellular carcinomaUninfected patientsHIV infectionTumor characteristicsUninfected personsPathology reportsVeterans Aging Cohort StudyLiver tissue samplingCohort of HIVMultivariable Cox regressionAdvanced hepatic fibrosisAging Cohort StudyLiver Cancer stageRisk of deathBackground hepatic parenchymaCohort studyHazard ratioLymphovascular invasionBCLC stageImproved survivalCox regressionHistologic featuresHepatic fibrosis
2019
Retrospective Association Analysis of Longitudinal Binary Traits Identifies Important Loci and Pathways in Cocaine Use
Wu W, Wang Z, Xu K, Zhang X, Amei A, Gelernter J, Zhao H, Justice AC, Wang Z. Retrospective Association Analysis of Longitudinal Binary Traits Identifies Important Loci and Pathways in Cocaine Use. Genetics 2019, 213: 1225-1236. PMID: 31591132, PMCID: PMC6893384, DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302598.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGenome-wide association studiesAssociation analysisGenome-wide association analysisCase-control genome-wide association studyPhenotype model misspecificationImportant locusGenetic architectureComplex traitsGenetic association analysisGene mappingGenome scanPathway analysisAssociation studiesAxonal guidanceGenetic variantsBinary traitsAssociation TestElectronic health record-based studiesPathwayImportant pathwayLociTraitsPhenotype distributionLongitudinal phenotypesPhenotypeHIV RNA, CD4+ Percentage, and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Cirrhosis Status
Torgersen J, Kallan MJ, Carbonari DM, Park LS, Mehta RL, D’Addeo K, Tate JP, Lim JK, Goetz MB, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Gibert CL, Bräu N, Brown ST, Roy JA, Taddei TH, Justice AC, Re V. HIV RNA, CD4+ Percentage, and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Cirrhosis Status. Journal Of The National Cancer Institute 2019, 112: 747-755. PMID: 31687755, PMCID: PMC7357318, DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz214.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk of HCCHigher HIV RNAHCC risk factorsHIV RNAHIV viremiaHepatocellular carcinomaBaseline cirrhosisCirrhosis statusCohort studyRisk factorsCell percentageVeterans Aging Cohort StudyDevelopment of HCCCurrent HIV RNADetectable HIV viremiaHepatitis C coinfectionAging Cohort StudyDiagnosis of cirrhosisLonger durationDetectable HIVLow CD4C coinfectionCurrent CD4Hazard ratioCancer RegistryMedical Intensive Care Unit Admission Among Patients With and Without HIV, Hepatitis C Virus, and Alcohol-Related Diagnoses in the United States
Rentsch CT, Tate JP, Steel T, Butt AA, Gibert CL, Huang L, Pisani M, Soo Hoo GW, Crystal S, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Brown ST, Freiberg MS, Graber CJ, Kim JW, Rimland D, Justice AC, Fiellin DA, Crothers KA, Akgün KM. Medical Intensive Care Unit Admission Among Patients With and Without HIV, Hepatitis C Virus, and Alcohol-Related Diagnoses in the United States. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2019, 80: 145-151. PMID: 30422912, PMCID: PMC6701630, DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001904.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virusAlcohol-related diagnosesAdmission ratesMICU admissionAdmission riskC virusRelative riskIntensive care unit admission rateMedical intensive care unit admissionAge-adjusted admission ratesHCV mono-infected patientsIntensive care unit admissionVeterans Aging Cohort StudyHCV care providersCare unit admissionAging Cohort StudyAdjusted rate ratiosConfidence intervalsVeterans Health AdministrationUnhealthy alcohol useHIV monoHIV-/HCVUnit admissionCause hospitalizationHCV infection
2018
Gender and alcohol use
Matson TE, McGinnis KA, Rubinsky AD, Frost MC, Czarnogorski M, Bryant KJ, Edelman EJ, Satre DD, Catz SL, Bensley KM, Fiellin DA, Justice AC, Williams EC. Gender and alcohol use. AIDS 2018, 32: 2247-2253. PMID: 30005010, PMCID: PMC6136970, DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001946.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAlcohol useHIV careViral suppressionART treatmentVeterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) dataVeterans Health Administration patientsAUDIT-C alcoholHIV medical careHIV care continuumLarge national cohortCohort study dataPoisson regression modelsPrescribed ARTPrevalence of engagementRetrospective cohortNational cohortUS veteransWorse outcomesCare continuumRelative riskStratified analysisMedical careHIVGender modifiesWomenLevel of Alcohol Use Associated with HIV Care Continuum Targets in a National U.S. Sample of Persons Living with HIV Receiving Healthcare
Williams EC, McGinnis KA, Edelman EJ, Matson TE, Gordon AJ, Marshall BDL, Bryant KJ, Rubinsky AD, Lapham GT, Satre DD, Richards JE, Catz SL, Fiellin DA, Justice AC, Bradley KA. Level of Alcohol Use Associated with HIV Care Continuum Targets in a National U.S. Sample of Persons Living with HIV Receiving Healthcare. AIDS And Behavior 2018, 23: 140-151. PMID: 29995206, PMCID: PMC6344313, DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2210-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsViral suppressionAlcohol use levelsART treatmentVeterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) dataAlcohol useAUDIT-C screeningCare continuum outcomesHIV care continuumCohort study dataHigh-level drinkingPoisson regression modelsContinuum outcomesHIV treatmentAdjusted prevalenceCare engagementCare continuumGreater alcohol useHIVPatientsUse levelsTreatmentRegression modelsStudy dataNational U.S. sampleAssociationGender Disparities in Medical Student Research Awards
King JT, Angoff NR, Forrest JN, Justice AC. Gender Disparities in Medical Student Research Awards. Academic Medicine 2018, 93: 911-919. PMID: 29140916, DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000002052.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2017
Risk of Acute Liver Injury After Statin Initiation by Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Status
Byrne DD, Tate JP, Forde KA, Lim JK, Goetz MB, Rimland D, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Butt AA, Gibert CL, Brown ST, Bedimo R, Freiberg MS, Justice AC, Kostman JR, Roy JA, Re V. Risk of Acute Liver Injury After Statin Initiation by Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Status. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2017, 65: 1542-1550. PMID: 29020184, PMCID: PMC5850026, DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix564.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSevere acute liver injuryAcute liver injuryHuman immunodeficiency virusStatin initiatorsLower riskHCV statusCohort studyHazard ratioStatin nonusersLiver injuryUninfected personsImmunodeficiency virusChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infectionHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection statusHIV/HCV-coinfected patientsPropensity score-adjusted hazard ratiosHIV/HCV statusHepatitis C virus infectionVeterans Aging Cohort StudyC virus infectionAging Cohort StudyConfidence intervalsVirus infection statusDevelopment of liverAminotransferase elevationTen-year trends in antiretroviral therapy persistence among US Medicaid beneficiaries
Youn B, Shireman TI, Lee Y, Galárraga O, Rana AI, Justice AC, Wilson IB. Ten-year trends in antiretroviral therapy persistence among US Medicaid beneficiaries. AIDS 2017, 31: 1697-1707. PMID: 28700393, PMCID: PMC5625296, DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001541.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedAnti-Retroviral AgentsFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansMaleMedicaidMedication AdherenceMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesUnited StatesYoung AdultConceptsAngiotensin II receptor blockersII receptor blockersHIV patientsControl medicationTherapy persistenceReceptor blockersEnzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockersCox proportional hazards modelNon-HIV medicationsUS Medicaid beneficiariesHIV-negative controlsRetrospective cohort studyKaplan-Meier curvesDuration of treatmentProportional hazards modelTen-year trendsSecular trendsART initiatorsCohort studyHazard ratioMedian timeFill dateMedicaid claimsMedicaid beneficiariesAdjusted modelRisk of liver decompensation with cumulative use of mitochondrial toxic nucleoside analogues in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection
Re V, Zeldow B, Kallan MJ, Tate JP, Carbonari DM, Hennessy S, Kostman JR, Lim JK, Goetz MB, Gross R, Justice AC, Roy JA. Risk of liver decompensation with cumulative use of mitochondrial toxic nucleoside analogues in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection. Pharmacoepidemiology And Drug Safety 2017, 26: 1172-1181. PMID: 28722244, PMCID: PMC5624832, DOI: 10.1002/pds.4258.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virusHIV/HCV patientsHuman immunodeficiency virusHepatic decompensationAntiretroviral therapyHCV patientsCohort studyHazard ratioHIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfectionChronic hepatitis C virusHepatitis C virus coinfectionHIV-/HCV-coinfected patientsHIV/HCV coinfectionVeterans Aging Cohort StudyC virus coinfectionChronic hepatic injuryAging Cohort StudyRisk of deathToxic nucleoside analoguesMarginal structural modelsHCV coinfectionLiver decompensationART regimensDecompensation eventsHepatic injuryHealth-adjusted life expectancy in HIV-positive and HIV-negative men and women in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based observational cohort study
Hogg RS, Eyawo O, Collins AB, Zhang W, Jabbari S, Hull MW, Lima VD, Ahmed T, Kendall CE, Althoff KN, Justice AC, Barrios R, Shoveller J, Montaner JSG, study C. Health-adjusted life expectancy in HIV-positive and HIV-negative men and women in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based observational cohort study. The Lancet HIV 2017, 4: e270-e276. PMID: 28262574, PMCID: PMC5761654, DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(17)30029-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultBritish ColumbiaFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansLife ExpectancyMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultConceptsHealth-adjusted life expectancyActive antiretroviral therapySelect comorbiditiesHIV statusLife expectancyGeneral populationPopulation-based observational cohort studyShorter overall life expectancyHIV-negative counterpartsCase-finding algorithmHIV-negative menHIV-negative populationObservational cohort studyComplex care needsService delivery interventionsAge 20 yearsYears of ageCauses of comorbidityShort life expectancyOverall life expectancyHealthy stateElectronic health recordsAntiretroviral therapyCohort studyRetrospective cohort