2015
Integrating Community-Based Interventions to Reverse the Convergent TB/HIV Epidemics in Rural South Africa
Gilbert JA, Long EF, Brooks RP, Friedland GH, Moll AP, Townsend JP, Galvani AP, Shenoi SV. Integrating Community-Based Interventions to Reverse the Convergent TB/HIV Epidemics in Rural South Africa. PLOS ONE 2015, 10: e0126267. PMID: 25938501, PMCID: PMC4418809, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126267.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTB/HIVHIV control strategiesMDR-TBXDR-TBHIV deathsHIV casesHIV epidemicRural South AfricaTB/HIV casesTB treatment delayIsoniazid preventive therapyDrug-resistant TBHIV treatment programsTreatment cure ratesHIV case findingHIV control effortsNovel screening programPreventive therapyTB casesTB treatmentTreatment delayHIV transmissionCure rateQuestionnaire's sensitivityScreening program
2014
Minimal Diversity of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains, South Africa - Volume 20, Number 3—March 2014 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Gandhi NR, Brust JC, Moodley P, Weissman D, Heo M, Ning Y, Moll AP, Friedland GH, Sturm AW, Shah NS. Minimal Diversity of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains, South Africa - Volume 20, Number 3—March 2014 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2014, 20: 394-401. PMID: 24565645, PMCID: PMC3944869, DOI: 10.3201/eid2003.131083.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsXDR-TB casesMDR-TBXDR-TBTB casesDrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strainsInfectious Diseases journal - CDCDrug-susceptible TBDrug-resistant tuberculosisNon-Beijing strainsDrug-susceptible isolatesMycobacterium tuberculosis strainsStrain typesStrain prevalenceRetrospective studyHigh incidenceBeijing strainsTuberculosis strainsSpoligotype patternsPredominant strainMultidrugStrongest predictorMortalityTBSurvivalHIV
2012
Risk factors for mortality among MDR- and XDR-TB patients in a high HIV prevalence setting
Gandhi N, Andrews J, Brust J, Montreuil R, Weissman D, Heo M, Moll A, Friedland G, Shah N. Risk factors for mortality among MDR- and XDR-TB patients in a high HIV prevalence setting. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2012, 16: 90-97. PMID: 22236852, PMCID: PMC3302205, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0153.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAnti-Retroviral AgentsAntitubercular AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountCoinfectionDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansMaleMarkov ChainsMonte Carlo MethodPrevalencePrognosisProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSouth AfricaSurvival AnalysisTime FactorsTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantTuberculosis, PulmonaryConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusXDR-TB patientsRisk factorsAntiretroviral therapyXDR-TBDrug-resistant (XDR) TBImmunosuppressed human immunodeficiency virusStrong independent risk factorHigh HIV prevalence settingsMDR-TB patientsTB treatment programsIndependent risk factorYear of diagnosisDrug-resistant tuberculosisHIV prevalence settingsCells/Principal risk factorsCase-control studyAmplification of resistanceHigh mortality rateART initiationHIV testingImmunodeficiency virusPrevalence settingsMortality rate
2011
Tuberculosis infection control in rural South Africa: survey of knowledge, attitude and practice in hospital staff
Kanjee Z, Catterick K, Moll AP, Amico KR, Friedland GH. Tuberculosis infection control in rural South Africa: survey of knowledge, attitude and practice in hospital staff. Journal Of Hospital Infection 2011, 79: 333-338. PMID: 21978608, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.06.017.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMDR-TB/XDRHuman immunodeficiency virus statusRural South African hospitalNosocomial TB transmissionStigma of TBTuberculosis infection controlTB/HIVDrug-resistant TBInfection control knowledgeHealth informationSouth African hospitalsSurvey of knowledgeBehavioral change interventionsTB-ICTB infectionXDR-TBTB deathsTB transmissionVirus statusHealthcare workersAfrican hospitalsInfection controlHospital staffRural South AfricaBaseline assessmentHousehold contact investigation of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence setting
Vella V, Racalbuto V, Guerra R, Marra C, Moll A, Mhlanga Z, Maluleke M, Mhlope H, Margot B, Friedland G, Shah N, Gandhi N. Household contact investigation of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence setting. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2011, 15: 1170-1175. PMID: 21943840, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0781.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAntitubercular AgentsExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFamily CharacteristicsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHIV InfectionsHumansIncidenceMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedPrevalenceProspective StudiesSouth AfricaTime FactorsTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantYoung AdultConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisHousehold contactsXDR-TBIndex caseMDR-TBPrevalence settingsHigh human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence settingsMDR-TB index casesHigh HIV prevalence settingsAdult household contactsHousehold contact investigationIndex case diagnosisMost secondary casesHIV prevalence settingsRate of MDRDrug susceptibility testingDiagnosis of MDRPublic health activitiesActive tuberculosisNosocomial transmissionContact investigationMedian timeIncidence rateSecondary casesObservational studySpread of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Moodley P, Shah NS, Tayob N, Connolly C, Zetola N, Gandhi N, Friedland G, Sturm AW. Spread of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. PLOS ONE 2011, 6: e17513. PMID: 21655324, PMCID: PMC3104985, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017513.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMDR-TB casesDrug-resistant tuberculosisXDR-TB casesXDR-TBDrug susceptibility test resultsExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisMDR tuberculosis casesMDR-TB patientsXDR-TB patientsCulture-confirmed casesProvincial referral hospitalCross-sectional studyKwaZulu-Natal ProvinceSource of infectionTB casesNumber of hospitalsReferral hospitalSputum cultureTuberculosis casesScotland hospitalsPatientsHealthcare districtsHospitalClinical diagnosisLaboratory database
2010
Predictors of Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a High HIV Prevalence Community
Andrews JR, Shah NS, Weissman D, Moll AP, Friedland G, Gandhi NR. Predictors of Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a High HIV Prevalence Community. PLOS ONE 2010, 5: e15735. PMID: 21209951, PMCID: PMC3012092, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015735.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisTB treatment failureXDR-TBHIV prevalence settingsRisk factorsTreatment failureOdds ratioMDR/XDR-TBOnly significant risk factorRetrospective case-control studyDrug resistanceMDR-TB patientsSignificant risk factorsStrong risk factorMultivariate logistic regressionTB drug resistanceCase-control studyHigh HIV prevalence communitiesDemographic risk factorsDrug susceptibility testing methodsHIV prevalence communitiesTB settingsClinical deteriorationMDR-TBTB treatmentBlood cultures for the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients from rural South Africa: a cross-sectional study
Heysell SK, Thomas TA, Gandhi NR, Moll AP, Eksteen FJ, Coovadia Y, Roux L, Babaria P, Lalloo U, Friedland G, Shah S. Blood cultures for the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients from rural South Africa: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2010, 10: 344. PMID: 21134279, PMCID: PMC3016377, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-344.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMiddle AgedMycobacterium tuberculosisRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsRural PopulationSouth AfricaSputumYoung AdultConceptsDrug-resistant TBMycobacterial blood culturesDrug-resistant tuberculosisBlood culturesXDR-TBRural South AfricaMDR-TBM. tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremiaCross-sectional studyPositive blood culturesDiagnosis of MDRCross-sectional analysisAntiretroviral therapySecondary outcomesSputum cultureTB suspectsRisk factorsPatientsHIVTuberculosisDiagnosisTBSimilar settingsBacteremiaExtensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in children with human immunodeficiency virus in rural South Africa.
Thomas TA, Shenoi SV, Heysell SK, Eksteen FJ, Sunkari VB, Gandhi NR, Friedland G, Shah NS. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in children with human immunodeficiency virus in rural South Africa. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2010, 14: 1244-51. PMID: 20843414, PMCID: PMC3030274.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusXDR-TB diagnosisXDR-TBDrug-resistant tuberculosisPediatric wardImmunodeficiency virusRural South AfricaXDR-TB patientsXDR-TB treatmentActive antiretroviral therapySputum culture conversionNeuropsychiatric side effectsHospital pediatric wardInfection control policiesCulture conversionAntiretroviral therapyRadiographic improvementNosocomial transmissionOverlapping toxicitiesMicrobiologic dataHIV treatmentMedical recordsMicrobiologic diagnosisHIV therapyPrevious history
2009
HIV Coinfection in Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Results in High Early Mortality
Gandhi NR, Shah NS, Andrews JR, Vella V, Moll AP, Scott M, Weissman D, Marra C, Lalloo UG, Friedland GH. HIV Coinfection in Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Results in High Early Mortality. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2009, 181: 80-86. PMID: 19833824, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200907-0989oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsXDR-TB casesHIV coinfection rateXDR-TB patientsOne-year mortalityTB casesXDR-TBTB patientsMDR-TBSputum collectionDrug-resistant tuberculosis epidemicHigh HIV prevalence regionsDrug susceptibility test resultsYear of diagnosisRetrospective observational studyHigh early mortalityAvailable medical recordsMajority of deathsHIV coinfectionAntiretroviral therapyHIV statusEarly mortalityMedical recordsTuberculosis resultsEarly initiationObservational studyAverting epidemics of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
Basu S, Friedland GH, Medlock J, Andrews JR, Shah NS, Gandhi NR, Moll A, Moodley P, Sturm AW, Galvani AP. Averting epidemics of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2009, 106: 7672-7677. PMID: 19365076, PMCID: PMC2678614, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812472106.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisXDR-TBXDR-TB epidemicDrug susceptibility testingCommunity-based EpidemicsCommunity-based programsEffective reproductive numberTertiary hospitalTB epidemicDisease presentationPublic health conditionsCase findingTransmission clustersDiagnostic approachHealth conditionsSouth African communityOngoing transmissionTransmission dynamicsTherapyTuberculosisEpidemicReproductive numberTBKwaZulu-Natal ProvinceHospital
2008
Decentralised management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR- and XDR-TB) in South Africa: an alternative model of care.
Padayatchi N, Friedland G. Decentralised management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR- and XDR-TB) in South Africa: an alternative model of care. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2008, 12: 978-80. PMID: 18647461.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2007
Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Implications for the HIV Epidemic and Antiretroviral Therapy Rollout in South Africa
Andrews JR, Shah NS, Gandhi N, Moll T, Friedland G. Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Implications for the HIV Epidemic and Antiretroviral Therapy Rollout in South Africa. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2007, 196: s482-s490. PMID: 18181698, DOI: 10.1086/521121.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisMDR-TBHIV epidemicXDR-TBDrug-resistant (XDR) TBMultidrug-resistant (MDR) TBMDR-TB treatment programmeTB treatment success rateHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionAntiretroviral therapy rolloutXDR-TB epidemicImmunodeficiency virus infectionTreatment success rateDrug resistance surveillanceDrug resistance testingPublic health challengeAirborne infection controlPublic health infrastructureHIV programsMultidrug-ResistantHigh prevalenceVirus infectionInfection controlTreatment programTuberculosis