Noah Palm, PhD
Associate Professor of Immunobiology
Research & Publications
Biography
News
Locations
Research Summary
The microbiota is now well-accepted as a major contributor to human health. However, the molecular bases for its impacts remain largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, my lab has pioneered the development of “functional profiling” technologies that use microbial interactions with the host as a lens to identify causal microbes and their mechanisms of action. Many of these technologies leverage recent developments in synthetic biology and next-generation sequencing to explore thousands of possible molecular-level interactions between indigenous microbes (and their products) and potential host receptors. We assess the causal effects of these interactions on mammalian physiology using a combination of anaerobic ‘culturomics’ (to isolate microbial strains of interest) and reductionist gnotobiotic mouse models (e.g., germ-free mice colonized with simplified microbial communities). Finally, we have a long-standing interest in discovering and characterizing novel immunostimulatory strains from the human gut microbiota and dissecting the co-evolutionary dynamics of host-microbiota interactions. Overall, our studies establish both conceptual frameworks and experimental tools to understand how and why our microbial inhabitants have such wide-reaching impacts on human health and disease.
Coauthors
Research Interests
Allergy and Immunology; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Homeostasis; Humans; Inflammation; Microbiology; Microbiota
Selected Publications
- Commensal microbiota from patients with inflammatory bowel disease produce genotoxic metabolitesCao Y, Oh J, Xue M, Huh WJ, Wang J, Gonzalez-Hernandez JA, Rice TA, Martin AL, Song D, Crawford JM, Herzon SB, Palm NW. Commensal microbiota from patients with inflammatory bowel disease produce genotoxic metabolites Science 2022, 378: eabm3233. PMID: 36302024, DOI: 10.1126/science.abm3233.
- Within-host evolution of a gut pathobiont facilitates liver translocationYang Y, Nguyen M, Khetrapal V, Sonnert ND, Martin AL, Chen H, Kriegel MA, Palm NW. Within-host evolution of a gut pathobiont facilitates liver translocation Nature 2022, 607: 563-570. PMID: 35831502, PMCID: PMC9308686, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04949-x.
- A Forward Chemical Genetic Screen Reveals Gut Microbiota Metabolites That Modulate Host PhysiologyChen H, Nwe PK, Yang Y, Rosen CE, Bielecka AA, Kuchroo M, Cline GW, Kruse AC, Ring AM, Crawford JM, Palm NW. A Forward Chemical Genetic Screen Reveals Gut Microbiota Metabolites That Modulate Host Physiology Cell 2019, 177: 1217-1231.e18. PMID: 31006530, PMCID: PMC6536006, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.036.
- Immunoglobulin A Coating Identifies Colitogenic Bacteria in Inflammatory Bowel DiseasePalm NW, de Zoete MR, Cullen TW, Barry NA, Stefanowski J, Hao L, Degnan PH, Hu J, Peter I, Zhang W, Ruggiero E, Cho JH, Goodman AL, Flavell RA. Immunoglobulin A Coating Identifies Colitogenic Bacteria in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cell 2014, 158: 1000-1010. PMID: 25171403, PMCID: PMC4174347, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.08.006.
- CD55 Facilitates Immune Evasion by Borrelia crocidurae, an Agent of Relapsing FeverArora G, Lynn GE, Tang X, Rosen CE, Hoornstra D, Sajid A, Hovius JW, Palm NW, Ring AM, Fikrig E. CD55 Facilitates Immune Evasion by Borrelia crocidurae, an Agent of Relapsing Fever MBio 2022, 13: e01161-22. PMID: 36036625, PMCID: PMC9600505, DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01161-22.
- Gut instincts in neuroimmunity from the eighteenth to twenty-first centuriesNguyen M, Palm NW. Gut instincts in neuroimmunity from the eighteenth to twenty-first centuries Seminars In Immunopathology 2022, 44: 569-579. PMID: 35786740, PMCID: PMC9519704, DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00948-2.
- Interspecies commensal interactions have nonlinear impacts on host immunityRice TA, Bielecka AA, Nguyen MT, Rosen CE, Song D, Sonnert ND, Yang Y, Cao Y, Khetrapal V, Catanzaro JR, Martin AL, Rashed SA, Leopold SR, Hao L, Yu X, van Dijk D, Ring AM, Flavell RA, de Zoete MR, Palm NW. Interspecies commensal interactions have nonlinear impacts on host immunity Cell Host & Microbe 2022, 30: 988-1002.e6. PMID: 35640610, PMCID: PMC9283318, DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.05.004.
- Reporting guidelines for human microbiome research: the STORMS checklistMirzayi C, Renson A, Zohra F, Elsafoury S, Geistlinger L, Kasselman L, Eckenrode K, van de Wijgert J, Loughman A, Marques F, MacIntyre D, Arumugam M, Azhar R, Beghini F, Bergstrom K, Bhatt A, Bisanz J, Braun J, Bravo H, Buck G, Bushman F, Casero D, Clarke G, Collado M, Cotter P, Cryan J, Demmer R, Devkota S, Elinav E, Escobar J, Fettweis J, Finn R, Fodor A, Forslund S, Franke A, Furlanello C, Gilbert J, Grice E, Haibe-Kains B, Handley S, Herd P, Holmes S, Jacobs J, Karstens L, Knight R, Knights D, Koren O, Kwon D, Langille M, Lindsay B, McGovern D, McHardy A, McWeeney S, Mueller N, Nezi L, Olm M, Palm N, Pasolli E, Raes J, Redinbo M, Rühlemann M, Balfour Sartor R, Schloss P, Schriml L, Segal E, Shardell M, Sharpton T, Smirnova E, Sokol H, Sonnenburg J, Srinivasan S, Thingholm L, Turnbaugh P, Upadhyay V, Walls R, Wilmes P, Yamada T, Zeller G, Zhang M, Zhao N, Zhao L, Bao W, Culhane A, Devanarayan V, Dopazo J, Fan X, Fischer M, Jones W, Kusko R, Mason C, Mercer T, Sansone S, Scherer A, Shi L, Thakkar S, Tong W, Wolfinger R, Hunter C, Segata N, Huttenhower C, Dowd J, Jones H, Waldron L. Reporting guidelines for human microbiome research: the STORMS checklist Nature Medicine 2021, 27: 1885-1892. PMID: 34789871, PMCID: PMC9105086, DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01552-x.
- Small Molecule Metabolites at the Host-Microbiota Interface.Bishai JD, Palm NW. Small Molecule Metabolites at the Host-Microbiota Interface. The Journal Of Immunology 2021, 207: 1725-1733. PMID: 34544815, PMCID: PMC8500551, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100528.
- Adaptive immunity induces mutualism between commensal eukaryotesOst KS, O’Meara T, Stephens WZ, Chiaro T, Zhou H, Penman J, Bell R, Catanzaro JR, Song D, Singh S, Call DH, Hwang-Wong E, Hanson KE, Valentine JF, Christensen KA, O’Connell R, Cormack B, Ibrahim AS, Palm NW, Noble SM, Round JL. Adaptive immunity induces mutualism between commensal eukaryotes Nature 2021, 596: 114-118. PMID: 34262174, PMCID: PMC8904204, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03722-w.
- γδ T cells regulate the intestinal response to nutrient sensingSullivan ZA, Khoury-Hanold W, Lim J, Smillie C, Biton M, Reis BS, Zwick RK, Pope SD, Israni-Winger K, Parsa R, Philip NH, Rashed S, Palm N, Wang A, Mucida D, Regev A, Medzhitov R. γδ T cells regulate the intestinal response to nutrient sensing Science 2021, 371 PMID: 33737460, DOI: 10.1126/science.aba8310.
- Immunoglobulin A Targets a Unique Subset of the Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseShapiro JM, de Zoete MR, Palm NW, Laenen Y, Bright R, Mallette M, Bu K, Bielecka AA, Xu F, Hurtado-Lorenzo A, Shah SA, Cho JH, LeLeiko NS, Sands BE, Flavell RA, Clemente JC. Immunoglobulin A Targets a Unique Subset of the Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cell Host & Microbe 2021, 29: 83-93.e3. PMID: 33385335, DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.12.003.
- Identification of Allobaculum mucolyticum as a novel human intestinal mucin degradervan Muijlwijk GH, van Mierlo G, Jansen PWTC, Vermeulen M, Bleumink-Pluym NMC, Palm NW, van Putten JPM, de Zoete MR. Identification of Allobaculum mucolyticum as a novel human intestinal mucin degrader Gut Microbes 2021, 13: 1966278. PMID: 34455931, PMCID: PMC8409761, DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1966278.
- Impact of Diabetes on the Gut and Salivary IgA Microbiomes.Brown EL, Essigmann HT, Hoffman KL, Palm NW, Gunter SM, Sederstrom JM, Petrosino JF, Jun G, Aguilar D, Perkison WB, Hanis CL, DuPont HL. Impact of Diabetes on the Gut and Salivary IgA Microbiomes. Infection And Immunity 2020, 88 PMID: 32900816, PMCID: PMC7671898, DOI: 10.1128/iai.00301-20.
- A human secretome library screen reveals a role for Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1 in Lyme borreliosisGupta A, Arora G, Rosen CE, Kloos Z, Cao Y, Cerny J, Sajid A, Hoornstra D, Golovchenko M, Rudenko N, Munderloh U, Hovius JW, Booth CJ, Jacobs-Wagner C, Palm NW, Ring AM, Fikrig E. A human secretome library screen reveals a role for Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1 in Lyme borreliosis PLOS Pathogens 2020, 16: e1009030. PMID: 33175909, PMCID: PMC7657531, DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009030.
- Origin and Function of Stress-Induced IL-6 in Murine ModelsQing H, Desrouleaux R, Israni-Winger K, Mineur YS, Fogelman N, Zhang C, Rashed S, Palm NW, Sinha R, Picciotto MR, Perry RJ, Wang A. Origin and Function of Stress-Induced IL-6 in Murine Models Cell 2020, 182: 1660. PMID: 32946784, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.044.
- Immunoglobulin A and the microbiomeYang Y, Palm NW. Immunoglobulin A and the microbiome Current Opinion In Microbiology 2020, 56: 89-96. PMID: 32889295, DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.08.003.
- Autoreactivity in naïve human fetal B cells is associated with commensal bacteria recognitionChen JW, Rice TA, Bannock JM, Bielecka AA, Strauss JD, Catanzaro JR, Wang H, Menard LC, Anolik JH, Palm NW, Meffre E. Autoreactivity in naïve human fetal B cells is associated with commensal bacteria recognition Science 2020, 369: 320-325. PMID: 32675374, DOI: 10.1126/science.aay9733.
- Origin and Function of Stress-Induced IL-6 in Murine ModelsQing H, Desrouleaux R, Israni-Winger K, Mineur YS, Fogelman N, Zhang C, Rashed S, Palm NW, Sinha R, Picciotto MR, Perry RJ, Wang A. Origin and Function of Stress-Induced IL-6 in Murine Models Cell 2020, 182: 372-387.e14. PMID: 32610084, PMCID: PMC7384974, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.054.
- Enteric Nervous System-Derived IL-18 Orchestrates Mucosal Barrier ImmunityJarret A, Jackson R, Duizer C, Healy ME, Zhao J, Rone JM, Bielecki P, Sefik E, Roulis M, Rice T, Sivanathan KN, Zhou T, Solis AG, Honcharova-Biletska H, Vélez K, Hartner S, Low JS, Qu R, de Zoete MR, Palm NW, Ring AM, Weber A, Moor AE, Kluger Y, Nowarski R, Flavell RA. Enteric Nervous System-Derived IL-18 Orchestrates Mucosal Barrier Immunity Cell 2020, 180: 813-814. PMID: 32084342, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.004.
- Characterization of Autoinducer‑3 Structure and Biosynthesis in E. coliKim CS, Gatsios A, Cuesta S, Lam YC, Wei Z, Chen H, Russell RM, Shine EE, Wang R, Wyche TP, Piizzi G, Flavell RA, Palm NW, Sperandio V, Crawford JM. Characterization of Autoinducer‑3 Structure and Biosynthesis in E. coli ACS Central Science 2020, 6: 197-206. PMID: 32123737, PMCID: PMC7047286, DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01076.
- Enteric Nervous System-Derived IL-18 Orchestrates Mucosal Barrier ImmunityJarret A, Jackson R, Duizer C, Healy ME, Zhao J, Rone JM, Bielecki P, Sefik E, Roulis M, Rice T, Sivanathan KN, Zhou T, Solis AG, Honcharova-Biletska H, Vélez K, Hartner S, Low JS, Qu R, de Zoete MR, Palm NW, Ring AM, Weber A, Moor AE, Kluger Y, Nowarski R, Flavell RA. Enteric Nervous System-Derived IL-18 Orchestrates Mucosal Barrier Immunity Cell 2020, 180: 50-63.e12. PMID: 31923399, PMCID: PMC7339937, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.016.
- Author Correction: Mechanosensation of cyclical force by PIEZO1 is essential for innate immunitySolis AG, Bielecki P, Steach HR, Sharma L, Harman CCD, Yun S, de Zoete MR, Warnock JN, To SDF, York AG, Mack M, Schwartz MA, Cruz CSD, Palm NW, Jackson R, Flavell RA. Author Correction: Mechanosensation of cyclical force by PIEZO1 is essential for innate immunity Nature 2019, 575: e7-e7. PMID: 31712625, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1755-5.
- An Ugi-like Biosynthetic Pathway Encodes Bombesin Receptor Subtype‑3 AgonistsOh J, Kim NY, Chen H, Palm NW, Crawford JM. An Ugi-like Biosynthetic Pathway Encodes Bombesin Receptor Subtype‑3 Agonists Journal Of The American Chemical Society 2019, 141: 16271-16278. PMID: 31537063, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04183.
- IgA-deficient humans exhibit gut microbiota dysbiosis despite secretion of compensatory IgMCatanzaro JR, Strauss JD, Bielecka A, Porto AF, Lobo FM, Urban A, Schofield WB, Palm NW. IgA-deficient humans exhibit gut microbiota dysbiosis despite secretion of compensatory IgM Scientific Reports 2019, 9: 13574. PMID: 31537840, PMCID: PMC6753154, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49923-2.
- Mechanosensation of cyclical force by PIEZO1 is essential for innate immunitySolis AG, Bielecki P, Steach HR, Sharma L, Harman CCD, Yun S, de Zoete MR, Warnock JN, To SDF, York AG, Mack M, Schwartz MA, Dela Cruz CS, Palm NW, Jackson R, Flavell RA. Mechanosensation of cyclical force by PIEZO1 is essential for innate immunity Nature 2019, 573: 69-74. PMID: 31435009, PMCID: PMC6939392, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1485-8.
- Epithelial endoplasmic reticulum stress orchestrates a protective IgA responseGrootjans J, Krupka N, Hosomi S, Matute JD, Hanley T, Saveljeva S, Gensollen T, Heijmans J, Li H, Limenitakis JP, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Suo S, Luoma AM, Shimodaira Y, Duan J, Shih DQ, Conner ME, Glickman JN, Fuhler GM, Palm NW, de Zoete MR, van der Woude CJ, Yuan GC, Wucherpfennig KW, Targan SR, Rosenstiel P, Flavell RA, McCoy KD, Macpherson AJ, Kaser A, Blumberg RS. Epithelial endoplasmic reticulum stress orchestrates a protective IgA response Science 2019, 363: 993-998. PMID: 30819965, PMCID: PMC6637967, DOI: 10.1126/science.aat7186.
- Gut Microbiota: IgA Protects the PioneersSchofield WB, Palm NW. Gut Microbiota: IgA Protects the Pioneers Current Biology 2018, 28: r1117-r1119. PMID: 30253156, DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.019.
- 632 - Immunoglobulin A-Coated Bacteria Represent a Unique Subset of the Microbiome in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseShapiro J, Clemente J, Palm N, de Zoete M, Laenen Y, Flavell R, Cho J, Bright R, Mallette M, Moniz H, Amaral K, Xu F, Hurtado-Lorenzo A, Shah S, Leleiko N, Sands B. 632 - Immunoglobulin A-Coated Bacteria Represent a Unique Subset of the Microbiome in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Inflammatory Bowel Disease Gastroenterology 2018, 154: s-132-s-133. DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(18)30869-2.
- Causal effects of the microbiota on immune-mediated diseasesRound JL, Palm NW. Causal effects of the microbiota on immune-mediated diseases Science Immunology 2018, 3 PMID: 29440265, DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aao1603.
- Navigating the Microbiota Seas: Triangulation Finds a Way ForwardRosen CE, Palm NW. Navigating the Microbiota Seas: Triangulation Finds a Way Forward Cell Host & Microbe 2018, 23: 1-3. PMID: 29324223, DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.12.015.
- MAIT Cells: A Link between Gut Integrity and Type 1 DiabetesGülden E, Palm N, Herold KC. MAIT Cells: A Link between Gut Integrity and Type 1 Diabetes Cell Metabolism 2017, 26: 813-815. PMID: 29211981, DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.11.007.
- Humanized mouse model supports development, function, and tissue residency of human natural killer cellsHerndler-Brandstetter D, Shan L, Yao Y, Stecher C, Plajer V, Lietzenmayer M, Strowig T, de Zoete MR, Palm NW, Chen J, Blish CA, Frleta D, Gurer C, Macdonald LE, Murphy AJ, Yancopoulos GD, Montgomery RR, Flavell RA. Humanized mouse model supports development, function, and tissue residency of human natural killer cells Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2017, 114: e9626-e9634. PMID: 29078283, PMCID: PMC5692533, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705301114.
- Functional Classification of the Gut Microbiota: The Key to Cracking the Microbiota Composition CodeRosen CE, Palm NW. Functional Classification of the Gut Microbiota: The Key to Cracking the Microbiota Composition Code BioEssays 2017, 39: 1700032. PMID: 28976007, DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700032.
- Nlrp9b inflammasome restricts rotavirus infection in intestinal epithelial cellsZhu S, Ding S, Wang P, Wei Z, Pan W, Palm NW, Yang Y, Yu H, Li HB, Wang G, Lei X, de Zoete MR, Zhao J, Zheng Y, Chen H, Zhao Y, Jurado KA, Feng N, Shan L, Kluger Y, Lu J, Abraham C, Fikrig E, Greenberg HB, Flavell RA. Nlrp9b inflammasome restricts rotavirus infection in intestinal epithelial cells Nature 2017, 546: 667-670. PMID: 28636595, PMCID: PMC5787375, DOI: 10.1038/nature22967.
- Tummy Time: The Infant Microbiota–IgA ConnectionRice TA, Palm NW. Tummy Time: The Infant Microbiota–IgA Connection Cell Host & Microbe 2016, 20: 6-8. PMID: 27414495, DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.06.014.
- Gut microbiota translocation to the pancreatic lymph nodes triggers NOD2 activation and contributes to T1D onsetCosta FR, Françozo MC, de Oliveira GG, Ignacio A, Castoldi A, Zamboni DS, Ramos SG, Câmara NO, de Zoete MR, Palm NW, Flavell RA, Silva JS, Carlos D. Gut microbiota translocation to the pancreatic lymph nodes triggers NOD2 activation and contributes to T1D onset Journal Of Experimental Medicine 2016, 213: 1223-1239. PMID: 27325889, PMCID: PMC4925011, DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150744.
- Epithelial IL-18 Equilibrium Controls Barrier Function in ColitisNowarski R, Jackson R, Gagliani N, de Zoete MR, Palm NW, Bailis W, Low JS, Harman CC, Graham M, Elinav E, Flavell RA. Epithelial IL-18 Equilibrium Controls Barrier Function in Colitis Cell 2015, 163: 1444-1456. PMID: 26638073, PMCID: PMC4943028, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.072.
- Immune–microbiota interactions in health and diseasePalm NW, de Zoete MR, Flavell RA. Immune–microbiota interactions in health and disease Clinical Immunology 2015, 159: 122-127. PMID: 26141651, PMCID: PMC4943041, DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.05.014.
- Th17 cells transdifferentiate into regulatory T cells during resolution of inflammationGagliani N, Vesely M, Iseppon A, Brockmann L, Xu H, Palm NW, de Zoete MR, Licona-Limón P, Paiva RS, Ching T, Weaver C, Zi X, Pan X, Fan R, Garmire LX, Cotton MJ, Drier Y, Bernstein B, Geginat J, Stockinger B, Esplugues E, Huber S, Flavell RA. Th17 cells transdifferentiate into regulatory T cells during resolution of inflammation Nature 2015, 523: 221-225. PMID: 25924064, PMCID: PMC4498984, DOI: 10.1038/nature14452.
- Inflammasomesde Zoete MR, Palm NW, Zhu S, Flavell RA. Inflammasomes Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives In Biology 2014, 6: a016287. PMID: 25324215, PMCID: PMC4292152, DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a016287.
- Inflammasomes and intestinal homeostasis: regulating and connecting infection, inflammation and the microbiotaGagliani N, Palm NW, de Zoete MR, Flavell RA. Inflammasomes and intestinal homeostasis: regulating and connecting infection, inflammation and the microbiota International Immunology 2014, 26: 495-499. PMID: 24948595, PMCID: PMC4200027, DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxu066.
- Enhancement of anti-tumor CD8 immunity by IgG1-mediated targeting of Fc receptorsFurlan SN, Mandraju R, Brewer T, Roybal K, Troutman TD, Hu W, Palm NW, Unni A, Pasare C. Enhancement of anti-tumor CD8 immunity by IgG1-mediated targeting of Fc receptors MAbs 2013, 6: 108-118. PMID: 24284965, PMCID: PMC3929435, DOI: 10.4161/mabs.27052.
- Bee Venom Phospholipase A2 Induces a Primary Type 2 Response that Is Dependent on the Receptor ST2 and Confers Protective ImmunityPalm NW, Rosenstein RK, Yu S, Schenten DD, Florsheim E, Medzhitov R. Bee Venom Phospholipase A2 Induces a Primary Type 2 Response that Is Dependent on the Receptor ST2 and Confers Protective Immunity Immunity 2013, 39: 976-985. PMID: 24210353, PMCID: PMC3852615, DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.10.006.
- TH2, allergy and group 2 innate lymphoid cellsLicona-Limón P, Kim LK, Palm NW, Flavell RA. TH2, allergy and group 2 innate lymphoid cells Nature Immunology 2013, 14: 536-542. PMID: 23685824, DOI: 10.1038/ni.2617.
- Role of the inflammasome in defense against venomsPalm NW, Medzhitov R. Role of the inflammasome in defense against venoms Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2013, 110: 1809-1814. PMID: 23297192, PMCID: PMC3562764, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221476110.
- Allergic host defencesPalm NW, Rosenstein RK, Medzhitov R. Allergic host defences Nature 2012, 484: 465-472. PMID: 22538607, PMCID: PMC3596087, DOI: 10.1038/nature11047.