2023
Genetic variants in the vitamin D pathway and their association with vitamin D metabolite levels: Detailed studies of an inner-city pediatric population suggest a modest but significant effect in early childhood
Fu L, Wong B, Li Z, Horst R, Williams R, Lee B, Miller J, Carpenter T, Cole D. Genetic variants in the vitamin D pathway and their association with vitamin D metabolite levels: Detailed studies of an inner-city pediatric population suggest a modest but significant effect in early childhood. The Journal Of Steroid Biochemistry And Molecular Biology 2023, 233: 106369. PMID: 37490983, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106369.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVitamin D pathwayD binding proteinPediatric populationInner-city pediatric populationVitamin D metabolite levelsVitamin D insufficiencyRisk pediatric populationsVitamin D metabolismVitamin D binding proteinVitamin D metabolitesD pathwayMonths of ageSanger sequencing confirmationD insufficiencyHealthy infantsD metabolismD levelsD metabolitesMultivariate regression modelLarge cohortMetabolite levelsRelevant associationsPotential roleEarly childhoodInter-individual differences
2021
Novel homozygous variant in BMP1 associated with a rare osteogenesis imperfecta phenotype
Choksi I, Cox A, Robinson C, Bale A, Carpenter T. Novel homozygous variant in BMP1 associated with a rare osteogenesis imperfecta phenotype. Osteoporosis International 2021, 32: 1239-1244. PMID: 33624138, DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-05838-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVertebral compression fracturesNovel homozygous variantOsteogenesis imperfectaMultiple vertebral compression fracturesZ-scoreHomozygous variantBilateral tibial fracturesLumbar spine BMDTotal hip BMDEffectiveness of bisphosphonatesFemoral neck BMDHeight z-scoreHomozygous missense variantBroad phenotypic spectrumBisphosphonate therapyBP therapySpinal osteopeniaSymptomatic reliefClinical presentationRecurrent fracturesSpine BMDTibial fracturesCompression fracturesHip BMDNeck BMD
2020
Long-Term Follow-up of Hypophosphatemic Bone Disease Associated With Elemental Formula Use: Sustained Correction of Bone Disease After Formula Change or Phosphate Supplementation
Eswarakumar AS, S. N, Ward LM, Backeljauw P, Wasserman H, Weber DR, DiMeglio LA, Imel EA, Gagne J, Cody D, Zimakas P, Topor LS, Agrawal S, Calabria A, Tebben P, Faircloth RS, Gordon R, Casey L, Carpenter TO. Long-Term Follow-up of Hypophosphatemic Bone Disease Associated With Elemental Formula Use: Sustained Correction of Bone Disease After Formula Change or Phosphate Supplementation. Clinical Pediatrics 2020, 59: 1080-1085. PMID: 32666808, DOI: 10.1177/0009922820941097.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElemental formula useBone diseaseFormula useHypophosphatemic bone diseaseTerm Follow-upLong-term outcomesSerum phosphorus concentrationSerum alkaline phosphatase activitySerum alkaline phosphataseSeverity/durationTime of correctionChart reviewSerum phosphorusDisease AssociatedFollow-upPhosphate supplementationExtent of recoveryDiseaseDiagnosisFormula changesRadiology reportsSupplementationAlkaline phosphataseAlkaline phosphatase activityReport
2019
Relationship of Total and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D to Biomarkers and Metabolic Indices in Healthy Children
Simpson CA, Zhang JH, Vanderschueren D, Fu L, Pennestri TC, Bouillon R, Cole DEC, Carpenter TO. Relationship of Total and Free 25-Hydroxyvitamin D to Biomarkers and Metabolic Indices in Healthy Children. The Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2019, 105: dgz230. PMID: 31774125, PMCID: PMC7174047, DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz230.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBody mass indexVitamin D statusParathyroid hormoneUrban-dwelling childrenD statusGC haplotypeHomeostatic model assessmentSystolic blood pressureAcademic medical centerHeathy childrenBlood pressureClinical outcomesMass indexInsulin resistanceHealthy childrenMedical CenterMetabolic indicesModel assessmentRegistration noOutcome variablesHispanic backgroundChildrenStrongest correlateInsulinAvailable assessmentsSeverity of reduced bone mineral density and risk of fractures in long‐term survivors of childhood leukemia and lymphoma undergoing guideline‐recommended surveillance for bone health
Bloomhardt HM, Sint K, Ross WL, Rotatori J, Ness K, Robinson C, Carpenter TO, Chow EJ, Kadan‐Lottick N. Severity of reduced bone mineral density and risk of fractures in long‐term survivors of childhood leukemia and lymphoma undergoing guideline‐recommended surveillance for bone health. Cancer 2019, 126: 202-210. PMID: 31536650, DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32512.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLow bone mineral densityReduced bone mineral densityBone mineral densityLymphoma survivorsMineral densityLumbar spine BMD Z-scoreChildhood leukemia/lymphomaPatient/treatment factorsSpine BMD Z-scoreDual-energy X-ray absorptiometryGuideline-recommended surveillanceBMD Z-scoresLong-term survivorsRisk of fractureCross-sectional studyLeukemia/lymphomaLong bone fracturesX-ray absorptiometrySurvivorship clinicBone healthMultivariable analysisMean ageChronic conditionsMedical recordsWhite raceRickets severity predicts clinical outcomes in children with X-linked hypophosphatemia: Utility of the radiographic Rickets Severity Score
Thacher TD, Pettifor JM, Tebben PJ, Creo AL, Skrinar A, Mao M, Chen CY, Chang T, San Martin J, Carpenter TO. Rickets severity predicts clinical outcomes in children with X-linked hypophosphatemia: Utility of the radiographic Rickets Severity Score. Bone 2019, 122: 76-81. PMID: 30772600, DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.02.010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRickets Severity ScoreSerum alkaline phosphataseSeverity scoreSevere self-reported painPediatric Outcomes Data Collection InstrumentPhase 2 clinical trialAlkaline phosphataseLess physical functionSelf-reported painSevere clinical featuresHeight z-scoreRadiographic Global ImpressionPediatric Orthopaedic SocietyIntra-rater reliabilitySubstantial inter-rater reliabilityClinical featuresClinical outcomesBilateral kneesGlobal ImpressionPhysical functionSubstantial intra-rater reliabilityWeek 64Clinical trialsBurosumab treatmentFunctional impairmentEfficacy and safety of burosumab in children aged 1–4 years with X-linked hypophosphataemia: a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial
Whyte MP, Carpenter TO, Gottesman GS, Mao M, Skrinar A, San Martin J, Imel EA. Efficacy and safety of burosumab in children aged 1–4 years with X-linked hypophosphataemia: a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2019, 7: 189-199. PMID: 30638856, DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30338-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSerum phosphorus concentrationPhase 2 trialWeeks of treatmentAdverse eventsWeek 40Week 64Serum phosphorusPhosphatonin fibroblast growth factor 23Treatment-related adverse eventsFibroblast growth factor 23History of toothRickets Severity ScoreSafety of burosumabSerious adverse eventsInjection site reactionsKey secondary outcomesFavorable safety profileGrowth factor 23Severe food allergyHeight z-scoreKey inclusion criteriaRenal phosphate wastingHuman monoclonal antibodyRadiographic Global ImpressionYoung children
2018
Burosumab Therapy in Children with X-Linked Hypophosphatemia
Carpenter TO, Whyte MP, Imel EA, Boot AM, Högler W, Linglart A, Padidela R, Van't Hoff W, Mao M, Chen CY, Skrinar A, Kakkis E, San Martin J, Portale AA. Burosumab Therapy in Children with X-Linked Hypophosphatemia. New England Journal Of Medicine 2018, 378: 1987-1998. PMID: 29791829, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1714641.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAlkaline PhosphataseAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedChildChild, PreschoolFamilial Hypophosphatemic RicketsFemaleFibroblast Growth Factor-23Fibroblast Growth FactorsGenetic Diseases, X-LinkedGrowthHumansKidney TubulesKnee JointMalePain ManagementPhosphorusRadiographySeverity of Illness IndexConceptsSerum phosphorus levelsRenal tubular phosphate reabsorptionTubular phosphate reabsorptionWeek 40Week 64Adverse eventsPhosphate reabsorptionNormal rangeMean serum phosphorus levelFibroblast growth factor 23End pointMean serum alkaline phosphatase levelSerum alkaline phosphatase levelsTotal scorePrimary end pointPhase 2 trialGrowth factor 23Additional end pointsPatient-reported outcomesAlkaline phosphatase levelsRadiographic Global ImpressionPhosphorus levelsOverall mean increaseBurosumab therapySubcutaneous burosumab
2017
Rickets
Carpenter TO, Shaw NJ, Portale AA, Ward LM, Abrams SA, Pettifor JM. Rickets. Nature Reviews Disease Primers 2017, 3: 17101. PMID: 29265106, DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.101.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsVitamin D metabolismNutritional ricketsD metabolismVitamin DFibroblast growth factor 23 productionAbnormal serum calciumActivated vitamin DOral phosphate supplementationVitamin D supplementationRenal phosphate handlingVitamin D metabolitesAge of onsetDarker skin typesD supplementationFGF23 antibodyClinical presentationSerum calciumPhysical examinationD metabolitesMedical historyPhosphate handlingBone diseasePhosphopenic ricketsPhosphate supplementationConventional treatmentUnexpected widespread hypophosphatemia and bone disease associated with elemental formula use in infants and children
Ballesteros L, S. N, Gordon RJ, Ward L, Backeljauw P, Wasserman H, Weber DR, DiMeglio LA, Gagne J, Stein R, Cody D, Simmons K, Zimakas P, Topor LS, Agrawal S, Calabria A, Tebben P, Faircloth R, Imel EA, Casey L, Carpenter TO. Unexpected widespread hypophosphatemia and bone disease associated with elemental formula use in infants and children. Bone 2017, 97: 287-292. PMID: 28167344, PMCID: PMC5884631, DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.02.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAlkaline PhosphataseBone DiseasesCalciumChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansHypophosphatemiaInfantInfant FormulaMalePhosphorusRicketsConceptsElemental formula useFormula useSkeletal diseaseRetrospective chart reviewInadequate dietary intakeCertain clinical settingsFormula productsEffect of treatmentSevere malabsorptionChart reviewSevere hypocalcemiaClinical featuresClinical profileRenal excretionDietary intakeCommon findingMineral metabolismBone diseaseHypophosphatemiaPhosphate supplementationSkeletal radiographsCareful monitoringComplex illnessRenal conservationClinical setting
2016
Characterization of additional vitamin D binding protein variants
Fu L, Borges CR, Rehder DS, Wong BY, Williams R, Carpenter TO, Cole DE. Characterization of additional vitamin D binding protein variants. The Journal Of Steroid Biochemistry And Molecular Biology 2016, 159: 54-59. PMID: 26924582, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.02.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMutant proteinsProtein variantsAdditional mutant proteinsSignificant genetic variationWild-type proteinExon/intron boundariesMolecular screeningEarlier biochemical studiesLow-frequency variantsGenomic DNA samplesS-cysteinylationGenetic variationGC mutationsMass spectrometric methodMass spectrometry methodIntron boundariesBinding proteinHigh-performance liquid chromatographyBiochemical studiesDisulfide bondsDisulfide speciesCodon 246Genetic variantsProteinSpecific mutations
2015
Association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level and pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis
Vanstone MB, Egan ME, Zhang JH, Carpenter TO. Association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level and pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis. Pediatric Pulmonology 2015, 50: 441-446. PMID: 25657016, DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23161.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPulmonary function testsCystic fibrosisPulmonary exacerbationsPediatric patientsD levelsYale-New Haven HospitalPediatric CF patientsVitamin D sufficiencyRetrospective chart reviewVitamin D statusStrongest independent determinantCF care centersPatients ages 5Logistic regression analysisAnnual numberD sufficiencyD statusChart reviewClinic visitsLung functionPulmonary functionAntibiotic therapyFunction testsHospitalization ratesIndependent determinants
2014
Mutations in SLC34A3/NPT2c Are Associated with Kidney Stones and Nephrocalcinosis
Dasgupta D, Wee MJ, Reyes M, Li Y, Simm PJ, Sharma A, Schlingmann KP, Janner M, Biggin A, Lazier J, Gessner M, Chrysis D, Tuchman S, Baluarte HJ, Levine MA, Tiosano D, Insogna K, Hanley DA, Carpenter TO, Ichikawa S, Hoppe B, Konrad M, Sävendahl L, Munns CF, Lee H, Jüppner H, Bergwitz C. Mutations in SLC34A3/NPT2c Are Associated with Kidney Stones and Nephrocalcinosis. Journal Of The American Society Of Nephrology 2014, 25: 2366-2375. PMID: 24700880, PMCID: PMC4178443, DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013101085.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIdiopathic hypercalciuriaDecreased tubular reabsorption of phosphateIncreased risk of kidney stone formationSerum 1,25(OH)2 vitamin DTubular reabsorption of phosphateAssociated with kidney stonesVitamin D levelsSolute carrier family 34Renal phosphate wastingDecreased serum phosphateHereditary hypophosphatemic ricketsHealthy family membersReabsorption of phosphateRisk of kidney stone formationRickets/osteomalaciaDecreased tubular reabsorptionKidney stone formationSLC34A3 mutationsIndependent of genotypeMedullary nephrocalcinosisSerum phosphateVitamin DDependent phosphate cotransporterTubular reabsorptionD levels
2012
Vitamin D binding protein is a key determinant of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels in infants and toddlers
Carpenter TO, Zhang JH, Parra E, Ellis BK, Simpson C, Lee WM, Balko J, Fu L, Wong B, Cole D. Vitamin D binding protein is a key determinant of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels in infants and toddlers. Journal Of Bone And Mineral Research 2012, 28: 213-221. PMID: 22887780, PMCID: PMC3511814, DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1735.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsD binding proteinGC single nucleotide polymorphismsVitamin D binding proteinSingle nucleotide polymorphismsD levelsVitamin D deficiencyVitamin D statusSerum DBP levelsAfrican AmericansD deficiencyD statusCommon single nucleotide polymorphismsNutritional determinantsGC genotypeLarge cohortAIM scoresMultivariate analysisDBP levels
2011
Demographic, dietary, and biochemical determinants of vitamin D status in inner-city children
Carpenter TO, Herreros F, Zhang JH, Ellis BK, Simpson C, Torrealba-Fox E, Kim GJ, Savoye M, Held NA, Cole D. Demographic, dietary, and biochemical determinants of vitamin D status in inner-city children. American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition 2011, 95: 137-146. PMID: 22170368, PMCID: PMC3238457, DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.018721.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsParathyroid hormonePmol/LMinority infantsFormula useMeasurement of PTHSkin typeOlder childrenVitamin D insufficientVitamin D intakeVitamin D statusVitamin D fortificationAlkaline phosphatase activityDietary intake dataInner-city childrenClinical ricketsD intakeD statusSerum calciumDihydroxyvitamin DVitamin DD fortificationBlood samplesIntake dataReference rangeTotal alkaline phosphatase activity
2010
Treatment of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia with Calcitriol and Phosphate Increases Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Concentrations
Imel EA, DiMeglio LA, Hui SL, Carpenter TO, Econs MJ. Treatment of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia with Calcitriol and Phosphate Increases Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Concentrations. The Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2010, 95: 1846-1850. PMID: 20157195, PMCID: PMC2853995, DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-1671.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFGF23 concentrationsXLH patientsFibroblast growth factor 23 concentrationsGrowth factor 23 concentrationsFibroblast Growth Factor 23 ExpressionComplications of therapyDihydroxyvitamin D concentrationsProspective observational studyTertiary referral centerIntact FGF23 concentrationsRoutine clinical managementOral calcitriolReferral centerClinical managementFGF23 elevationObservational studyTherapeutic effectRenal phosphateCalcitriolD concentrationsDisease severityNormal serumVivo modelTherapyMost subjects
2007
Evaluation of bone and mineral disorders.
Ardeshirpour L, Cole DE, Carpenter TO. Evaluation of bone and mineral disorders. Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews : PER 2007, 5 Suppl 1: 584-98. PMID: 18167468.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsParathyroid hormoneVitamin D homeostasisVitamin D metabolitesEvaluation of boneD homeostasisD metabolitesMineral disordersDiagnostic modalitiesHormonal imbalanceMetabolic diseasesDiagnostic acumenGenetic testingHereditary disorderSkeletal systemHormoneDisordersDiagnostic capabilitiesBoneConcise reviewCalciumWidespread useDiseaseImpairment
2003
Nutritional Rickets with Normal Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D: A Call for Reexamining the Role of Dietary Calcium Intake in North American Infants
DeLucia MC, Mitnick ME, Carpenter TO. Nutritional Rickets with Normal Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D: A Call for Reexamining the Role of Dietary Calcium Intake in North American Infants. The Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2003, 88: 3539-3545. PMID: 12915633, DOI: 10.1210/jc.2002-021935.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDietary calcium intakeNutritional ricketsCalcium intakeNorth American infantsAmerican infantsLow dietary calcium intakeOptimal dietary practicesVitamin D supplementationVitamin D deficiencyVitamin D therapyGreater New HavenD supplementationRachitic abnormalitiesD deficiencyD therapyDevelopment of diseaseVitamin DMean ageRepresentative case historiesBiochemical resolutionDietary practicesRicketsContributory roleMiddle Eastern descentInfants
2000
Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor-Induced Rickets
Reyes-Múgica M, Arnsmeier S, Backeljauw P, Persing J, Ellis B, Carpenter T. Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor-Induced Rickets. Pediatric And Developmental Pathology 2000, 3: 61-69. PMID: 10594133, DOI: 10.1007/s100249910008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPhosphaturic mesenchymal tumorYears of ageMesenchymal tumorsComputerized tomographyMixed connective tissue variantConnective tissue variantLower extremity painPoor linear growthRight proximal tibiaSpindle cell neoplasmFibroma-like variantLeft mandibular ramusBone painOncogenic ricketsRachitic abnormalitiesLytic lesionsRadiographic evidenceSecond patientFirst patientMuscle weaknessOccult tumorsPatient 1Prominent vascularityChondroid materialFibroblast-like cells
1995
Secretion of a Large Molecular‐Weight Form of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor by a Primary Renal Tumor
Korn E, van Hoff J, Buckley P, Daughaday W, Carpenter T. Secretion of a Large Molecular‐Weight Form of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor by a Primary Renal Tumor. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 1995, 24: 392-396. PMID: 7715546, DOI: 10.1002/mpo.2950240610.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrimary renal tumorsIGF-IIRenal tumorsInsulin-like growth factor-II levelsInsulin-like growth factorIGF-II contentPost-operative serumTotal IGF-IIFactor II levelsPediatric renal tumorsLarge molecular weight formsPreoperative serumAbdominal massTumor resectionII levelsBiochemical hypoglycemiaHypoglycemiaTumor tissueTumorsGrowth factorResectionMolecular weight formsSerumPatientsHistology