2023
ENPP1 in Blood and Bone: Skeletal and Soft Tissue Diseases Induced by ENPP1 Deficiency
Ferreira C, Carpenter T, Braddock D. ENPP1 in Blood and Bone: Skeletal and Soft Tissue Diseases Induced by ENPP1 Deficiency. Annual Review Of Pathology Mechanisms Of Disease 2023, 19: 507-540. PMID: 37871131, PMCID: PMC11062289, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051222-121126.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchGeneral medical populationENPP1 deficiencyMedical populationsEctonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesteraseSoft tissue diseaseEarly-onset osteoporosisMiddle-aged adultsClinical presentationTissue diseaseVascular calcificationArterial calcificationBedside developmentRare diseaseMineralization disordersLarge arteriesPyrophosphatase/phosphodiesteraseClinical phenotypeExtracellular ATPSoft tissuePathophysiologyAdenosine monophosphateDiseaseCalcificationTransmembrane glycoproteinDeficiency
2020
Long-Term Follow-up of Hypophosphatemic Bone Disease Associated With Elemental Formula Use: Sustained Correction of Bone Disease After Formula Change or Phosphate Supplementation
Eswarakumar AS, S. N, Ward LM, Backeljauw P, Wasserman H, Weber DR, DiMeglio LA, Imel EA, Gagne J, Cody D, Zimakas P, Topor LS, Agrawal S, Calabria A, Tebben P, Faircloth RS, Gordon R, Casey L, Carpenter TO. Long-Term Follow-up of Hypophosphatemic Bone Disease Associated With Elemental Formula Use: Sustained Correction of Bone Disease After Formula Change or Phosphate Supplementation. Clinical Pediatrics 2020, 59: 1080-1085. PMID: 32666808, DOI: 10.1177/0009922820941097.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsElemental formula useBone diseaseFormula useHypophosphatemic bone diseaseTerm Follow-upLong-term outcomesSerum phosphorus concentrationSerum alkaline phosphatase activitySerum alkaline phosphataseSeverity/durationTime of correctionChart reviewSerum phosphorusDisease AssociatedFollow-upPhosphate supplementationExtent of recoveryDiseaseDiagnosisFormula changesRadiology reportsSupplementationAlkaline phosphataseAlkaline phosphatase activityReport
2016
An Unusual Case of Rickets and How Whole Exome Sequencing Helped to Correct a Diagnosis
Peter P, Brownstein C, Yao G, Olear E, Simpson C, Agrawal P, Carpenter T, Insogna K. An Unusual Case of Rickets and How Whole Exome Sequencing Helped to Correct a Diagnosis. AACE Clinical Case Reports 2016, 2: ee278-ee283. DOI: 10.4158/ep15944.cr.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchWhole-exome sequencingForms of ricketsExome sequencingGrowth factor 23Classic clinical featuresClinical suspicionClinical featuresClinical presentationFactor 23Parathyroid hormoneDihydroxyvitamin D3Correct diagnosisMistaken diagnosisUnusual caseNutritional deficienciesRicketsPatientsDiagnosisDiseaseHypophosphatemiaGenetic defectsCompound heterozygotesCYP27B1Gene sequencing technologyXLH
2015
Conventional Therapy in Adults With X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: Effects on Enthesopathy and Dental Disease
Connor J, Olear EA, Insogna KL, Katz L, Baker S, Kaur R, Simpson CA, Sterpka J, Dubrow R, Zhang JH, Carpenter TO. Conventional Therapy in Adults With X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: Effects on Enthesopathy and Dental Disease. The Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2015, 100: 3625-3632. PMID: 26176801, PMCID: PMC4596038, DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2199.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSevere dental diseaseHospital research unitDental diseaseDisease severityXLH patientsMajor long-term morbidityActive vitamin D metaboliteAdult XLH patientsLong-term morbidityVitamin D metabolitesAdult lifeMultiple logistic regressionRadiographic skeletal surveySignificant predictorsProportion of adultsConventional therapyD metabolitesSkeletal surveyLower riskExposure variablesLogistic regressionDiseaseEnthesopathySkeletal deformitiesTreatment variablesA Practical Clinical Approach to Paediatric Phosphate Disorders
Imel EA, Carpenter TO. A Practical Clinical Approach to Paediatric Phosphate Disorders. Endocrine Development 2015, 28: 134-161. PMID: 26138840, DOI: 10.1159/000381036.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPhosphate disordersPractical clinical approachChronic clinical conditionsPhosphate metabolismChronic hypophosphataemiaPhosphate abnormalitiesAppropriate therapyChronic disordersPathophysiologic assessmentClinical conditionsClinical approachPhosphate physiologyCareful evaluationHyperphosphataemiaHypophosphataemiaDisordersMetabolismPatientsTherapyEtiologyAbnormalitiesDisease
2011
Hypercalcaemic and hypocalcaemic syndromes in children
Ardeshirpour L, Carpenter T. Hypercalcaemic and hypocalcaemic syndromes in children. 2011, 687-700. DOI: 10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.0444.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCalcium-regulating systemsSeverity of diseaseCalcium homeostasisMineral homeostasisAge groupsCompensatory mechanismsRelevant physiologySkeletal growthEarly childhoodHeritable disorderChildhoodHomoeostatic systemProgressive stagesDisordersChildhood yearsHomeostasisMineral requirementsNumerous factorsHypercalcaemiaHypocalcaemiaSyndromePhysiologyDiseaseInsultA clinician's guide to X‐linked hypophosphatemia
Carpenter TO, Imel EA, Holm IA, de Beur S, Insogna KL. A clinician's guide to X‐linked hypophosphatemia. Journal Of Bone And Mineral Research 2011, 26: 1381-1388. PMID: 21538511, PMCID: PMC3157040, DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.340.BooksConceptsTreatment guidelinesRenal phosphate wastingPathophysiologic featuresPrototypic disorderPhosphate wastingClinician's GuideMissed diagnosisSupport groupsConference recommendationsCommon formComplex disorderDearth of informationHypophosphatemiaDisordersGuidelinesPatientsScientific conferencesRicketsCliniciansDiseasePhysiciansDiagnosisWasting
2007
Evaluation of bone and mineral disorders.
Ardeshirpour L, Cole DE, Carpenter TO. Evaluation of bone and mineral disorders. Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews : PER 2007, 5 Suppl 1: 584-98. PMID: 18167468.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsParathyroid hormoneVitamin D homeostasisVitamin D metabolitesEvaluation of boneD homeostasisD metabolitesMineral disordersDiagnostic modalitiesHormonal imbalanceMetabolic diseasesDiagnostic acumenGenetic testingHereditary disorderSkeletal systemHormoneDisordersDiagnostic capabilitiesBoneConcise reviewCalciumWidespread useDiseaseImpairment
2003
Chapter 25 Familial Hypophosphatemia and Related Disorders
Holm I, Econs M, Carpenter T. Chapter 25 Familial Hypophosphatemia and Related Disorders. 2003, 603-xvi. DOI: 10.1016/b978-012286551-0/50027-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAutosomal dominant hypophosphatemic ricketsTumor-induced osteomalaciaRelated disordersHypophosphatemic ricketsPathophysiology of XLHDevelopment of ricketsDegenerative joint diseaseHereditary hypophosphatemic ricketsCommon bone diseaseJoint painDental abscessClinical featuresDihydroxyvitamin DFamilial hypophosphatemiaHypophosphatemic diseasesDental diseaseJoint diseaseBone diseaseRenal phosphateEndopeptidase PHEXShort statureHypophosphatemiaXLHDiseaseRickets
2001
Mutational Analysis and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation of the PHEX Gene in X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets
Holm I, Nelson A, Robinson B, Mason R, Marsh D, Cowell C, Carpenter T. Mutational Analysis and Genotype-Phenotype Correlation of the PHEX Gene in X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets. The Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2001, 86: 3889-3899. PMID: 11502829, DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.8.7761.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAgedAmino Acid SubstitutionBone DiseasesChildDNA Mutational AnalysisExonsFamilyFemaleGenotypeHumansHypophosphatemia, FamilialMaleMiddle AgedMutationMutation, MissenseNuclear FamilyPhenotypePHEX Phosphate Regulating Neutral EndopeptidaseProteinsSequence DeletionTooth DiseasesConceptsHypophosphatemic ricketsRickets patientsHypophosphatemic rickets patientsSevere skeletal diseasePHEX mutationsSeverity of diseaseFamily membersGenotype-phenotype correlationPrognostic valueFamily historyPatientsPostpubertal malesEarly identificationSkeletal diseaseGenetic testingRicketsTruncating mutationsDental phenotypeAffected individualsMild phenotypePHEX geneDiseaseMissense mutationsDifferent mutationsSeverity
1999
Evaluation and Treatment of Heritable Forms of Rickets
Levine B, Carpenter T. Evaluation and Treatment of Heritable Forms of Rickets. The Endocrinologist 1999, 9: 358-365. DOI: 10.1097/00019616-199909000-00006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHereditary ricketsOverall treatment strategySpecific therapeutic guidelinesTherapeutic guidelinesPrimary derangementRadiographic featuresTreatment strategiesCorrect diagnosisSkeletal diseaseRicketsRachitic diseaseHeritable formDiseaseChildrenDisorder resultsHypophosphatemiaMajor formDerangementDiagnosis
1983
Hypoparathyroidism in Wilson's Disease
Carpenter T, Carnes D, Anast C. Hypoparathyroidism in Wilson's Disease. New England Journal Of Medicine 1983, 309: 873-877. PMID: 6888480, DOI: 10.1056/nejm198310133091501.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsWilson's diseaseImmunoreactive parathyroid hormoneInfusion of magnesiumParathyroid insufficiencyParathyroid levelsParathyroid secretionMild hypocalcemiaParathyroid hormoneBlood levelsCitrate infusionParathyroid glandsFanconi syndromeCalcium levelsAppropriate riseNormal levelsDiseaseHypercalciuriaHyperphosphaturiaInfusionRapid reductionCalciumHypoparathyroidismHypocalcemiaHypophosphatemia