2024
Negative Life Events and Emotional Symptoms From Ages 2 to 30 Years
Copeland W, Keen R, Tong G, Shanahan L. Negative Life Events and Emotional Symptoms From Ages 2 to 30 Years. JAMA Network Open 2024, 7: e2429448. PMID: 39207754, PMCID: PMC11362870, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.29448.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCross-sectional analysisEmotional symptomsNegative life eventsAssociated with emotional symptomsLife eventsYoung adulthoodAssociated with increased mental health symptomsCohort study analyzed dataStressful eventsTraumatic eventsMental health symptomsCross-sectional associationsLongitudinal analysisAged 2Years of follow-upStudy analyzed dataDevelopmental periodIndividuals aged 2Lifetime traumatic eventsHealth symptomsMain OutcomesLate adolescenceEmotional functioningCohort studyPrimary outcomeTrends in Firearm Injury Prevention Research Funding, Clinical Trials, and Publications in the US, 1985-2022
Lin J, Chang C, McCarthy M, Baker-Butler A, Tong G, Ranney M. Trends in Firearm Injury Prevention Research Funding, Clinical Trials, and Publications in the US, 1985-2022. JAMA Surgery 2024, 159: 461-463. PMID: 38324281, PMCID: PMC10851134, DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.7461.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2023
A mixed model approach to estimate the survivor average causal effect in cluster‐randomized trials
Wang W, Tong G, Hirani S, Newman S, Halpern S, Small D, Li F, Harhay M. A mixed model approach to estimate the survivor average causal effect in cluster‐randomized trials. Statistics In Medicine 2023, 43: 16-33. PMID: 37985966, DOI: 10.1002/sim.9939.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchViolent Experiences and Patterns of Firearm Ownership From Childhood to Young Adulthood
Sivaraman J, Tong G, Easter M, Swanson J, Copeland W. Violent Experiences and Patterns of Firearm Ownership From Childhood to Young Adulthood. JAMA Network Open 2023, 6: e2336907. PMID: 37851447, PMCID: PMC10585415, DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36907.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGun ownershipGun accessViolent experiencesFirearm accessGun cultureViolent exposuresLate 20sGun ownersFirearm ownershipViolent eventsYoung adulthoodSurvey dataIncident rate ratiosOwnershipViolenceRural countiesOpportune timeAge cohortsAge 25First waveAccessConsistent accessHigher relative riskGreat Smoky Mountains StudyExperienceTrusted residents and housing assistance to decrease violence exposure in New Haven (TRUE HAVEN): a strengths-based and community-driven stepped-wedge intervention to reduce gun violence
Tong G, Spell V, Horton N, Thornhill T, Keene D, Montgomery C, Spiegelman D, Wang E, Roy B. Trusted residents and housing assistance to decrease violence exposure in New Haven (TRUE HAVEN): a strengths-based and community-driven stepped-wedge intervention to reduce gun violence. BMC Public Health 2023, 23: 1545. PMID: 37580653, PMCID: PMC10426138, DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15997-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGun violenceHousing assistanceStructural racismHousing stabilityViolence exposureMulti-level interventionsCommunity gun violenceMulti-stakeholder coalitionsRental assistance programsCommunity-based organizationsHousing supportPolicy changesFinancial educationStable housingBeing of individualsViolenceTarget neighborhoodsCommunity membersNew HavenNeighborhood ratesAssistance programsOrganization leadersRacismHavenNeighborhoodSample size considerations for assessing treatment effect heterogeneity in randomized trials with heterogeneous intracluster correlations and variances
Tong G, Taljaard M, Li F. Sample size considerations for assessing treatment effect heterogeneity in randomized trials with heterogeneous intracluster correlations and variances. Statistics In Medicine 2023, 42: 3392-3412. PMID: 37316956, DOI: 10.1002/sim.9811.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGroup treatment trialsTreatment effect modificationRandomized trialsTreatment trialsEffect modificationEffect modifiersIntracluster correlation coefficientIndividual-level effect modifiersStudy armsTreatment effect heterogeneityOutcome observationsContinuous outcomesTrialsGroup treatmentTreatment effectsOutcome varianceEffect heterogeneityIntracluster correlationSample sizeSample size formulaCultural contributions to adults' self-rated mental health problems and strengths: 7 culture clusters, 28 societies, 16 906 adults
Copeland W, Ivanova M, Achenbach T, Turner L, Tong G, Ahmeti-Pronaj A, Au A, Bellina M, Caldas J, Chen Y, Csemy L, da Rocha M, Dobrean A, Ezpeleta L, Funabiki Y, Harder V, Lecannelier F, de la Cabada M, Leung P, Liu J, Mahr S, Malykh S, Markovic J, Ndetei D, Oh K, Petot J, Riad G, Sakarya D, Samaniego V, Sebre S, Shahini M, Silvares E, Simulioniene R, Sokoli E, Talcott J, Vazquez N, Wolanczyk T, Zasepa E. Cultural contributions to adults' self-rated mental health problems and strengths: 7 culture clusters, 28 societies, 16 906 adults. Psychological Medicine 2023, 53: 7581-7590. PMID: 37203460, DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001332.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMental health problemsAnxiety problemsAvoidant personalityProblem scaleAdult self-ratingsAdult mental health problemsOrganizational Behavior Effectiveness studyHierarchical linear modelingCross-cultural useAnalysis of covarianceSomatic problemsHealth problemsSelf-ratingsPersonal strengthsGender effectsStandardized measuresAssociated with differencesStrength scaleMulti-level analysisCultural differencesSocietal differencesAdultsEffectiveness studiesPersonsCultural clustersAccounting for expected attrition in the planning of cluster randomized trials for assessing treatment effect heterogeneity
Tong J, Li F, Harhay M, Tong G. Accounting for expected attrition in the planning of cluster randomized trials for assessing treatment effect heterogeneity. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2023, 23: 85. PMID: 37024809, PMCID: PMC10077680, DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-01887-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSample size methodsSample size proceduresSize proceduresTreatment effect heterogeneityHeterogeneous treatment effectsSize methodMissingness ratesSample size formulaSample size estimationMissingness indicatorsEffect heterogeneityReal-world examplesSimulation studyIntracluster correlation coefficientInflation methodSize formulaAverage treatment effectResultsSimulation resultsSample size estimatesSize estimationMissingnessSample sizeClustersEstimationFormulaA scoping review described diversity in methods of randomization and reporting of baseline balance in stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials
Nevins P, Davis-Plourde K, Pereira Macedo J, Ouyang Y, Ryan M, Tong G, Wang X, Meng C, Ortiz-Reyes L, Li F, Caille A, Taljaard M. A scoping review described diversity in methods of randomization and reporting of baseline balance in stepped-wedge cluster randomized trials. Journal Of Clinical Epidemiology 2023, 157: 134-145. PMID: 36931478, PMCID: PMC10546924, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.03.010.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStepped-wedge clusterIndividual-level characteristicsMethod of randomizationCross-sectional designControl armBaseline imbalancesCohort designMedian numberElectronic searchPrimary analysisBaseline balanceStudy designPrimary reportsBaselineTrialsIntervention conditionSW-CRTsRandomizationReportingA Bayesian Approach for Estimating the Survivor Average Causal Effect When Outcomes Are Truncated by Death in Cluster-Randomized Trials
Tong G, Li F, Chen X, Hirani S, Newman S, Wang W, Harhay M. A Bayesian Approach for Estimating the Survivor Average Causal Effect When Outcomes Are Truncated by Death in Cluster-Randomized Trials. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2023, 192: 1006-1015. PMID: 36799630, PMCID: PMC10236525, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad038.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2022
Contingency management and pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence support services (CoMPASS): A hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study to promote HIV risk reduction among people who inject drugs
Sung M, Viera A, Esserman D, Tong G, Davidson D, Aiudi S, Bailey G, Buchanan A, Buchelli M, Jenkins M, John B, Kolakowski J, Lame A, Murphy S, Porter E, Simone L, Paris M, Rash C, Edelman E. Contingency management and pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence support services (CoMPASS): A hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study to promote HIV risk reduction among people who inject drugs. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2022, 125: 107037. PMID: 36460267, PMCID: PMC9918697, DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.107037.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdherence support servicesHIV risk reductionPrEP adherenceContingency managementHybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation trialHIV pre-exposure prophylaxisEffectiveness-implementation studyPre-exposure prophylaxisEffectiveness-implementation trialOpioid use disorderStrengths-based case managementRisk reductionSupport servicesCommunity-based programsPrEP initiationPrimary outcomeWeek 12Clinical trialsHIV preventionUse disordersCM sessionsCase managementBlood spotsPWIDStudy designLong-term Outcomes of Childhood Family Income Supplements on Adult Functioning
Copeland WE, Tong G, Gaydosh L, Hill SN, Godwin J, Shanahan L, Costello EJ. Long-term Outcomes of Childhood Family Income Supplements on Adult Functioning. JAMA Pediatrics 2022, 176: 1020-1026. PMID: 35994270, PMCID: PMC9396462, DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.2946.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLong-term outcomesLongitudinal cohort studyCohort studyOngoing longitudinal cohort studyAge 30 yearsMental health symptomsSubstance use symptomsFunctional outcomePositive adultsMAIN OUTCOMEDepressive symptomsHealth symptomsSymptomsAge 25Physical healthAnxiety symptomsLonger durationOutcomesChildhoodChildrenSupplementsAmerican IndiansParticipantsAdultsNumber of parentsGun violence among young adults with a juvenile crime record in North Carolina: Implications for firearm restrictions based on age and risk
Swanson JW, Tong G, Easter MM, Sivaraman JC, Gifford EJ, Gardner BO, Donnelly EA, Evans KE, Copeland WE, Swartz MS, Bonnie RJ. Gun violence among young adults with a juvenile crime record in North Carolina: Implications for firearm restrictions based on age and risk. Preventive Medicine 2022, 165: 107279. PMID: 36191654, DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107279.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGun violenceCrime recordsJuvenile recordsFelony recordsCrime prevention policiesPrevalence of arrestsRates of arrestFelony convictionsCriminal offensesGun restrictionsJuvenile courtSerious offensesCrime historyFirearm restrictionsOffensesCrimePrevention policiesNorth CarolinaComparable offencesRisk-based perspectiveViolenceAge 18FirearmsYouthDelinquency adjudicationBias Against International Medical Graduates in the Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Recruitment Process: Findings From a Nationwide Survey of Fellowship Program Directors
Butt A, Mankbadi M, Erikson C, Marshall A, Masselink LE, Tong G, Hafler J, Podoltsev N, Lee AI. Bias Against International Medical Graduates in the Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Recruitment Process: Findings From a Nationwide Survey of Fellowship Program Directors. JCO Oncology Practice 2022, 18: 783-787. PMID: 36108253, DOI: 10.1200/op.22.00219.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAdult criminal outcomes of juvenile justice involvement
Copeland WE, Tong G, Gifford EJ, Easter MM, Shanahan L, Swartz MS, Swanson JW. Adult criminal outcomes of juvenile justice involvement. Psychological Medicine 2022, 53: 3711-3718. PMID: 35264271, DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722000393.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDo “Real World” Childhood Mental Health Services Reduce Risk for Adult Psychiatric Disorders?
Copeland WE, Tong G, Shanahan L. Do “Real World” Childhood Mental Health Services Reduce Risk for Adult Psychiatric Disorders? Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2022, 61: 1041-1049.e7. PMID: 35063586, PMCID: PMC9294070, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.12.014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMental health servicesSubstance disordersPsychiatric disordersService useSpecialty mental health service useHealth servicesSpecialty mental health servicesMental health service useHealth service usePopulation-based studyAdult psychopathologyAdult psychiatric disordersCommunity service useChildhood psychiatric disordersAdult psychiatric problemsMental health problemsRisk ratioChronic conditionsImproved outcomesPsychiatric statusSimilar riskHigh riskPsychiatric problemsHealth problemsChildhood disordersSample size calculation in hierarchical 2×2 factorial trials with unequal cluster sizes
Tian Z, Esserman D, Tong G, Blaha O, Dziura J, Peduzzi P, Li F. Sample size calculation in hierarchical 2×2 factorial trials with unequal cluster sizes. Statistics In Medicine 2022, 41: 645-664. PMID: 34978097, PMCID: PMC8962918, DOI: 10.1002/sim.9284.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2021
Accounting for unequal cluster sizes in designing cluster randomized trials to detect treatment effect heterogeneity
Tong G, Esserman D, Li F. Accounting for unequal cluster sizes in designing cluster randomized trials to detect treatment effect heterogeneity. Statistics In Medicine 2021, 41: 1376-1396. PMID: 34923655, PMCID: PMC10197222, DOI: 10.1002/sim.9283.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchImpact of complex, partially nested clustering in a three-arm individually randomized group treatment trial: A case study with the wHOPE trial
Tong G, Seal KH, Becker WC, Li F, Dziura JD, Peduzzi PN, Esserman DA. Impact of complex, partially nested clustering in a three-arm individually randomized group treatment trial: A case study with the wHOPE trial. Clinical Trials 2021, 19: 3-13. PMID: 34693748, PMCID: PMC8847260, DOI: 10.1177/17407745211051288.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGroup treatment trialsIntraclass correlation coefficientTreatment trialsTreatment sessionsHealth optionsEducation trialThree-armWhole health teamFuture trial designNumber of cliniciansGroup treatment designTrue intraclass correlation coefficientsGroup treatment sessionsTreatment armsClinical trialsClinician levelMultiple cliniciansBACKGROUND/Health teamsOutcome dataTreatment groupsTrial designGroup educationClinical scenariosDifferent cliniciansChildhood Gun Access, Adult Suicidality, and Crime
Copeland WE, Tong G, Gifford EJ, Easter MM, Shanahan L, Swartz MS, Swanson JW. Childhood Gun Access, Adult Suicidality, and Crime. Pediatrics 2021, 148: e2020042291. PMID: 34210740, PMCID: PMC8785707, DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-042291.Peer-Reviewed Original Research