1998
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial of an Antiandrogen in the Treatment of Tourette's Syndrome
Peterson B, Zhang H, Anderson G, Leckman J. A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial of an Antiandrogen in the Treatment of Tourette's Syndrome. Journal Of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1998, 18: 324-331.. PMID: 9690699, DOI: 10.1097/00004714-199808000-00013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAndrogen receptor blockadeReceptor blockadeCrossover trialHormone levelsSyndrome patientsSelective androgen receptor antagonistAdult TS subjectsTreatment of ticsTourette syndrome patientsTic symptom severitySerious side effectsAndrogen receptor antagonistSymptom severity ratingsTS prevalenceClinic visitsFlutamide administrationEndocrine findingsObsessive-compulsive disorderReceptor antagonistAndrogen receptorPhysiologic compensationTherapeutic effectPhysiologic mechanismsSide effectsTourette syndrome
1997
A preliminary study of tryptophan depletion on tics, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and mood in Tourette's syndrome
Rasmusson A, Anderson G, Lynch K, McSwiggan-Hardin M, Scahill L, Mazure C, Goodman W, Price L, Cohen D, Leckman J. A preliminary study of tryptophan depletion on tics, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and mood in Tourette's syndrome. Biological Psychiatry 1997, 41: 117-121. PMID: 8988803, DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00380-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPathogenesis of Tourette's Syndrome
Leckman J, Peterson B, Anderson G, Arnsten A, Pauls D, Cohen D. Pathogenesis of Tourette's Syndrome. Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry 1997, 38: 119-142. PMID: 9232461, DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01508.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsBasal GangliaBrainBrain MappingCerebral CortexChildHumansNerve NetNeurotransmitter AgentsPhenotypeTourette Syndrome
1996
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing ractor in Tourette's syndrome: Comparison to obsessive compulsive disorder and normal controls
Chappell P, Leckman J, Goodman W, Bissette G, Pauls D, Anderson G, Riddle M, Scahill L, McDougle C, Cohen D. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing ractor in Tourette's syndrome: Comparison to obsessive compulsive disorder and normal controls. Biological Psychiatry 1996, 39: 776-783. PMID: 8731518, DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00221-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCorticotropin-releasing factorCSF corticotropin-releasing factorTourette syndromeObsessive-compulsive disorderNormal controlsCerebrospinal fluidPathobiology of TSOCD patientsMedication-free outpatientsCompulsive disorderLumbar cerebrospinal fluidNoradrenergic mechanismsHealthy controlsTS patientsObsessive-compulsive behaviorTic severityCardinal featuresClinical ratingsPatientsSyndromeRelated conditionsStandardized fashionNeurobiological mechanismsGroup differencesDisorders
1995
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biogenic Amines in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Tourette's Syndrome, and Healthy Controls
Leckman J, Goodman W, Anderson G, Riddle M, Chappell P, McSwiggan-Hardin M, McDougle C, Scahill L, Ort S, Pauls D, Cohen D, Price L. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biogenic Amines in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Tourette's Syndrome, and Healthy Controls. Neuropsychopharmacology 1995, 12: 73-86. PMID: 7766289, DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1380241.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObsessive-compulsive disorderTourette syndromeHealthy controlsOCD patientsTS patientsHomovanillic acidCerebrospinal fluidCerebrospinal fluid biogenic aminesMedication-free OCD patientsPathobiology of TSCSF HVA levelsCompulsive disorderLumbar cerebrospinal fluidConcentrations of tyrosineHVA levelsCSF norepinephrineNoradrenergic mechanismsSerotonergic mechanismsCSF MHPGSerotonergic systemHealthy subjectsHealthy volunteersNormal volunteersPatientsSyndrome
1994
Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Oxytocin in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Comparison With Tourette's Syndrome and Healthy Controls
Leckman J, Goodman W, North W, Chappell P, Price L, Pauls D, Anderson G, Riddle M, McSwiggan-Hardin M, McDougle C, Barr L, Cohen D. Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Oxytocin in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Comparison With Tourette's Syndrome and Healthy Controls. JAMA Psychiatry 1994, 51: 782-792. PMID: 7524462, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950100030003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCerebrospinal fluid levelsObsessive-compulsive disorderCSF oxytocin levelsTourette syndromeArginine vasopressinFamily historyFluid levelsElevated cerebrospinal fluid levelsTic-related obsessive-compulsive disorderOxytocin levelsSubgroup of patientsSubset of patientsElevated CSF levelsCentral arginine vasopressinSubtype of OCDCSF levelsFamily genetic dataHealthy controlsTic disordersForms of OCDPatientsRelated syndromesCurrent severitySyndromeFamily study dataEnhanced stress responsivity of tourette syndrome patients undergoing lumbar puncture
Chappell P, Riddle M, Anderson G, Scahill L, Hardin M, Walker D, Cohen D, Leckman J. Enhanced stress responsivity of tourette syndrome patients undergoing lumbar puncture. Biological Psychiatry 1994, 36: 35-43. PMID: 8080901, DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(94)90060-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTS patientsLumbar punctureNormal controlsTourette syndromeClinician ratingsEnhanced stress responsivityLumbar puncture stressUrinary norepinephrine excretionTourette syndrome patientsPeak ACTH levelsNorepinephrine excretionACTH levelsSympathetic systemAdrenal axisMedication responsivenessMore norepinephrinePhonic ticsSyndrome patientsUrinary catecholaminesMore ACTHPatientsTic severityNeuropsychiatric disordersSymptom severityStress responsivity
1993
Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of the selective kappa agonist spiradoline in Tourette's syndrome: A pilot study
Chappell P, Leckman J, Scahill L, Hardin M, Anderson G, Cohen D. Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of the selective kappa agonist spiradoline in Tourette's syndrome: A pilot study. Psychiatry Research 1993, 47: 267-280. PMID: 8396784, DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(93)90084-t.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNormal control subjectsTourette syndromeTic frequencyControl subjectsTS patientsMicrograms/Clinician ratingsKappa agonist spiradolineInvolvement of opioidRole of opioidsGrowth hormone secretionDual modulatory effectsDose-response studyMotor tic frequencyMore growth hormoneTic symptomsHormone secretionNeuroendocrine effectsKappa receptorsPhonic ticsSpiradoline mesylateIntermediate doseLow doseModulatory effectsSpiradoline
1992
Brain Monoamines and Amino Acids in Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome: A Preliminary Study of Subcortical Regions
Anderson G, Pollak E, CHATTERJEE D, Leckman J, Riddle M, Cohen D. Brain Monoamines and Amino Acids in Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome: A Preliminary Study of Subcortical Regions. JAMA Psychiatry 1992, 49: 584-586. PMID: 1378261, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820070078016.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGilles de la Tourette's syndromeLateral globus pallidusSubstantia nigra reticulataMedial globus pallidusLa Tourette's syndromeTourette syndromeGlobus pallidusSubthalamic nucleusSubcortical regionsTS groupMajor projection areaPossible pathophysiologic significanceLevels of monoaminesNeurotransmitter-related enzymesLow TS groupBrains of subjectsBrain monoaminesMonoamine metabolitesPathophysiologic significanceControl groupPostmortem tissueSyndromeBrainAvailable brainPallidus
1988
Plasma MHPG: Within- and across-day stability in children and adults with tourette's syndrome
Riddle M, Leckman J, Anderson G, Ort S, Hardin M, Stevenson J, Cohen D. Plasma MHPG: Within- and across-day stability in children and adults with tourette's syndrome. Biological Psychiatry 1988, 24: 391-398. PMID: 2457395, DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(88)90175-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTourette's Syndrome: Clinical and Neurochemical Correlates
RIDDLE M, LECKMAN J, ANDERSON G, ORT S, HARDIN M, STEVENSON J, COHEN D. Tourette's Syndrome: Clinical and Neurochemical Correlates. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1988, 27: 409-412. PMID: 3182595, DOI: 10.1097/00004583-198807000-00004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultChildFemaleGlycolsHomovanillic AcidHumansMaleMethoxyhydroxyphenylglycolMiddle AgedPsychological TestsTourette SyndromeConceptsTourette Syndrome Global ScalePHVA levelsTourette syndromeTS patientsLower CSF HVA levelsPlasma homovanillic acid levelsSimple motor ticsHomovanillic acid levelsCSF HVA levelsSignificant inverse correlationHVA levelsMotor restlessnessMotor ticsPretreatment levelsTotal symptomsNeurochemical correlatesTreatment responsePlasma 3Control groupPatientsSyndromeAcid levelsInverse correlationSignificant correlationIndividual items
1987
Plasma-free homovanillic acid: Within- and across-day stability in children and adults with tourette's syndrome
Riddle M, Leckman J, Anderson G, Ort S, Hardin M, Stevenson J, Cohen D. Plasma-free homovanillic acid: Within- and across-day stability in children and adults with tourette's syndrome. Life Sciences 1987, 40: 2145-2151. PMID: 3473273, DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90004-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultChildCircadian RhythmFemaleHomovanillic AcidHumansMaleMiddle AgedTime FactorsTourette SyndromeParotid Gland Salivary Secretion in Tourette's Syndrome and Attention Deficit Disorder: A Model System for the Study of Neurochemical Regulation
COHEN D, ORT S, CARUSO K, ANDERSON G, HUNT R, SHAYWITZ B, KREMENITZER M, LECKMAN J. Parotid Gland Salivary Secretion in Tourette's Syndrome and Attention Deficit Disorder: A Model System for the Study of Neurochemical Regulation. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1987, 26: 65-68. PMID: 3034852, DOI: 10.1097/00004583-198701000-00013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildClonidineFemaleHumansMaleParotid GlandReceptors, AdrenergicTourette SyndromeConceptsAttention deficit disorderTourette syndromeSalivary amylase concentrationTS patientsAmylase concentrationSalivary secretionNeurochemical regulationReceptor functioningTreatment of TSDeficit disorderSalivary amylase secretionParotid gland secretionSingle dosesSalivary volumeClonidinePatientsAmylase secretionSyndromeADD patientsSalivary measuresSecretionTotal amylaseSalivary amylaseDisordersChildren
1986
Rebound Phenomena in Tourette's Syndrome After Abrupt Withdrawal of Clonidine: Behavioral, Cardiovascular, and Neurochemical Effects
Leckman J, Ort S, Caruso K, Anderson G, Riddle M, Cohen D. Rebound Phenomena in Tourette's Syndrome After Abrupt Withdrawal of Clonidine: Behavioral, Cardiovascular, and Neurochemical Effects. JAMA Psychiatry 1986, 43: 1168-1176. PMID: 3465278, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800120054011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeNeurochemical effectsAbrupt withdrawalWorsening of ticsClonidine therapyClonidine withdrawalClonidine's effectivenessAdrenergic mechanismsBlood pressureOpen trialTic symptomsUrinary excretionPlasma levelsMotor restlessnessHomovanillic acidClonidine hydrochlorideSyndromeWithdrawal periodPrewithdrawal levelsRebound phenomenonPatientsPulse rateClonidineWithdrawalNorepinephrineBrief debrisoquin administration to assess central dopaminergic function in children
Riddle M, Shaywitz B, Leckman J, Anderson G, Shaywitz S, Hardin M, Ort S, Cohen D. Brief debrisoquin administration to assess central dopaminergic function in children. Life Sciences 1986, 38: 1041-1048. PMID: 3456480, DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(86)90239-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCentral dopaminergic functionDopaminergic functionHomovanillic acid levelsBehavioral side effectsActive antihypertensive agentDebrisoquin sulfatePHVA levelsAntihypertensive agentsSix-hour periodSide effectsBrief administrationNeuropsychiatric disordersAdministration methodsMarked reductionPeripheral techniquesAcid levelsAdministrationPatientsChildrenDebrisoquinPHVA
1984
Whole blood serotonin and tryptophan levels in Tourette's disorder: Effects of acute and chronic clonidine treatment
Leckman J, Anderson G, Cohen D, Ort S, Harcherik D, Hoder E, Shaywitz B. Whole blood serotonin and tryptophan levels in Tourette's disorder: Effects of acute and chronic clonidine treatment. Life Sciences 1984, 35: 2497-2503. PMID: 6595491, DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(84)90435-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultChildClonidineHumansMiddle AgedReceptors, AdrenergicSerotoninTourette SyndromeTryptophanConceptsChronic clonidine treatmentClonidine treatmentTourette's disorder patientsWhole blood serotoninDisorder patientsTourette's disorderBlood serotoninTryptophan levelsMean differenceChronic treatmentAcute doseNormal controlsMean increaseClonidinePatientsDisordersMode of actionTreatmentSignificant differencesSerotoninBaseline conditionsLevelsDifferencesDoseParotid Salivary Response to Clonidine in Tourette's Syndrome: Indicator of Adrenergic Responsivity
SELINGER D, COHEN D, ORT S, ANDERSON G, CARUSO K, LECKMAN J. Parotid Salivary Response to Clonidine in Tourette's Syndrome: Indicator of Adrenergic Responsivity. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1984, 23: 392-398. PMID: 6205037, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60316-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAmylasesChildClonidineHumansParotid GlandReceptors, AdrenergicSalivationTourette SyndromeConceptsDrug-free patientsSalivary volumeTS patientsTourette syndromeSingle doseAdrenergic receptorsLong-term clonidine treatmentAmylase secretionGood therapeutic responseYoung male patientParotid salivary responseAdrenergic responsivityClonidine treatmentSalivary amylase concentrationMale patientsTherapeutic responseNoradrenergic functioningAmylase concentrationPatientsClonidineParotid glandSyndromeSalivary responseT patientsTotal secretion
1983
Acute and Chronic CLonidine Treatment in Tourette's Syndrome A Preliminary Report on Clinical Response and Effect on Plasma and Urinary Catecholamine Metabolites, Growth Hormone, and Blood Pressure
LECKMAN J, DETLOR J, HARCHERIK D, YOUNG J, ANDERSON G, SHAYWITZ B, COHEN D. Acute and Chronic CLonidine Treatment in Tourette's Syndrome A Preliminary Report on Clinical Response and Effect on Plasma and Urinary Catecholamine Metabolites, Growth Hormone, and Blood Pressure. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 1983, 22: 433-440. PMID: 6579101, DOI: 10.1016/s0002-7138(09)61504-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic clonidine treatmentClonidine treatmentTourette syndromeHomovanillic acidHuman growth hormoneClinical responseBlood pressureGrowth hormoneΑ2-adrenergic receptor agonistTreatment of TSUrinary catecholamine metabolitesClinical response dataChronic neuropsychiatric disorderPlacebo-controlled conditionsA Preliminary ReportClonidine therapyOral clonidineNoradrenergic receptorsSingle doseUnknown etiologyFunctional statusReceptor agonistClinical trialsDopaminergic systemTS patients
1981
Plasma free MHPG and neuroendocrine responses to challenge doses of clonidine in Tourette's Syndrome: Preliminary report
Young J, Cohen D, Hattox S, Kavanagh M, Anderson G, Shaywitz B, Maas J. Plasma free MHPG and neuroendocrine responses to challenge doses of clonidine in Tourette's Syndrome: Preliminary report. Life Sciences 1981, 29: 1467-1475. PMID: 6946271, DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(81)90012-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFree MHPGPlasma free MHPGTourette syndromeChallenge doseNeuroendocrine responsesDoses of clonidineSingle oral dosesClonidine administrationResponsive patientsGH responseOral dosesMaintenance treatmentThyroxine indexClonidineTS patientsPatientsMHPGSyndromeT patientsNeuropsychiatric patientsPilot studyPreliminary reportMetabolic responseFurther investigationDose