2024
Shifting our attention earlier in the multiple sclerosis disease course
Epstein S, Longbrake E. Shifting our attention earlier in the multiple sclerosis disease course. Current Opinion In Neurology 2024, 37: 212-219. PMID: 38546031, DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001268.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRadiologically isolated syndromeDisease courseStages of MSPrompt initiation of therapyDiagnostic criteriaInitiation of therapyMultiple sclerosisHigh-risk patientsClinical diseaseDisease modifying therapy useMS disease courseRandomized controlled trialsImmunomodulatory therapyPrompt initiationClinical outcomesTherapy useDiagnosed patientsMultiple sclerosis disease courseClinical MSHigh riskPatientsControlled trialsPrevent onsetDisease biologyTherapy
2023
Secondary hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 therapy: Pathogenesis, risk of infection, and disease management
Alvarez E, Longbrake E, Rammohan K, Stankiewicz J, Hersh C. Secondary hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 therapy: Pathogenesis, risk of infection, and disease management. Multiple Sclerosis And Related Disorders 2023, 79: 105009. PMID: 37783194, DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRisk of infectionCD20 therapySecondary hypogammaglobulinemiaMultiple sclerosisAnti-CD20 therapySerum immunoglobulin levelsB cell levelsDisease managementImmunoglobulin levelsSerious infectionsTherapy clinical trialsPotential complicationsClinical trialsHypogammaglobulinemiaPatientsTreatment approachesTherapyInfectionSclerosisRiskPossible mechanismMedicationsBest practice approachComplicationsPathogenesisEarly Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis
Longbrake E, Kalincik T. Early Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis. Neurology 2023, 101: 549-550. PMID: 37468283, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207754.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2021
The Role of Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Propagating Neurologic Immune-Related Adverse Events: Inducing or "Unmasking" Autoimmunity?
Gardin T, Longbrake EE. The Role of Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Propagating Neurologic Immune-Related Adverse Events: Inducing or "Unmasking" Autoimmunity? Neurology 2021, 96: 733-734. PMID: 33727404, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011812.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2019
CHAPTER 2 Genetics of Multiple Sclerosis
Abulaban A, Hafler D, Longbrake E. CHAPTER 2 Genetics of Multiple Sclerosis. 2019, 33-54. DOI: 10.1039/9781788016070-00033.ChaptersMultiple sclerosisCentral nervous systemImmune cell infiltratesComplex autoimmune diseaseEnvironmental risk factorsExtensive CNS demyelinationMS therapyAxonal damageCell infiltrateCNS demyelinationAutoimmune diseasesRisk factorsGenetic predispositionNervous systemDisease severityDiseaseSclerosisComplex genetic diseasesChapter 2 GeneticsGenetic diseasesDemyelinationInfiltratesAutoimmunityPathogenesisTherapy
2016
The contemporary spectrum of multiple sclerosis misdiagnosis
Solomon AJ, Bourdette DN, Cross AH, Applebee A, Skidd PM, Howard DB, Spain RI, Cameron MH, Kim E, Mass MK, Yadav V, Whitham RH, Longbrake EE, Naismith RT, Wu GF, Parks BJ, Wingerchuk DM, Rabin BL, Toledano M, Tobin WO, Kantarci OH, Carter JL, Keegan BM, Weinshenker BG. The contemporary spectrum of multiple sclerosis misdiagnosis. Neurology 2016, 87: 1393-1399. PMID: 27581217, PMCID: PMC5047038, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003152.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMultiple sclerosisNeurologic symptomsMisdiagnosis of MSAcademic MS centersCorroborative objective evidenceMultiple sclerosis misdiagnosisDisease-modifying therapiesRadiographic diagnostic criteriaNonspecific neurologic symptomsMS therapyConsideration of symptomsCNS lesionsMRI abnormalitiesMS centersUnnecessary morbidityAlternate diagnosisMS attacksCorrect diagnosisDiagnostic criteriaPatientsMisdiagnosisObjective evidenceSymptomsTherapyDiagnosisEfficacy and tolerability of oral versus injectable disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis in clinical practice
Longbrake EE, Cross AH, Salter A. Efficacy and tolerability of oral versus injectable disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis in clinical practice. Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental Translational And Clinical 2016, 2: 2055217316677868. PMID: 28280599, PMCID: PMC5340186, DOI: 10.1177/2055217316677868.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDisease-modifying therapiesMultiple sclerosis activityInjectable disease-modifying therapiesOral disease-modifying therapiesMultiple sclerosisInjectable therapiesBaseline differencesClinical practiceRetrospective cohort studyProportional hazards modelDrug discontinuationCohort studyDiscontinuation ratesTreatment groupsHazards modelSclerosisPatientsTherapyRelative efficacyTolerabilityFurther studiesHigher proportionEfficacyExpert opinionTreatment
2013
Monoclonal Antibodies as Disease Modifying Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis
Longbrake EE, Parks BJ, Cross AH. Monoclonal Antibodies as Disease Modifying Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis. Current Neurology And Neuroscience Reports 2013, 13: 390. PMID: 24027005, PMCID: PMC3967547, DOI: 10.1007/s11910-013-0390-z.Peer-Reviewed Original Research