2012
Axonal Protection with Sodium Channel Blocking Agents in Models of Multiple Sclerosis
Black J, Smith K, Waxman S. Axonal Protection with Sodium Channel Blocking Agents in Models of Multiple Sclerosis. 2012, 179-201. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2218-1_8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisMultiple sclerosisSodium channelsAspects of MSAcute MS plaquesChronic inactive plaquesSignificant axonal damageImmune cell infiltrationSodium channel blockadeChannel Blocking AgentsSpinal cord axonsWhite matter axonsVoltage-gated sodium channelsAction potential conductionInactive plaquesClinical disabilityAutoimmune encephalomyelitisAxonal protectionNeuroinflammatory disordersNeurological deficitsNeuroprotective therapiesAxonal damageIschemia injuryAxonal degenerationAxonal injury
2005
29 Blocking the Axonal Injury Cascade Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Models
Waxman S, Lo A. 29 Blocking the Axonal Injury Cascade Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Models. 2005, 435-449. DOI: 10.1016/b978-012738761-1/50030-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisWhite matter injuryAxonal injuryChannel blockersNitric oxideNon-glucocorticoid steroidsCalcium channel blockersHuman multiple sclerosis lesionsSodium channel blockersMultiple sclerosis lesionsEffects of drugsAutoimmune encephalomyelitisMS pathologyOptic nerveMultiple sclerosisFunctional outcomeNeuroprotective agentsΓ-aminobutyric acidHypoxic injuryPathological evidenceSpinal nervesSpinal cordAdrenergic receptorsVivo preparationSclerosis lesions19 Molecular Mechanisms of Calcium Influx in Axonal Degeneration
Stys P, Waxman S. 19 Molecular Mechanisms of Calcium Influx in Axonal Degeneration. 2005, 275-292. DOI: 10.1016/b978-012738761-1/50020-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisAxonal degenerationMultiple sclerosisAxonal injuryCalcium influxInflammatory central nervous system disordersCentral nervous system disordersAcute axonal injuryPotential neuroprotective strategiesWhite matter injuryCellular calcium overloadNervous system disordersAutoimmune encephalomyelitisAxonal damageNeuroprotective strategiesGlutamate releasePathophysiological mechanismsCa overloadCalcium overloadSystem disordersInadequate deliveryMyelinated axonsAberrant operationNitric oxideCa channels