2023
Associations Between Polygenic Risk Score Loading, Psychosis Liability, and Clozapine Use Among Individuals With Schizophrenia
Lin B, Pinzón-Espinosa J, Blouzard E, van der Horst M, Okhuijsen-Pfeifer C, van Eijk K, Guloksuz S, Peyrot W, Luykx J, Hasan A, Wagner E, Pantelis C, Everall I, Ayhan Y, Babaoğlu M, Bak M, Alink W, Beld E, Bouhuis A, Edlinger M, Erdoğan I, Gutwinski S, Hallikainen T, Jeger-land E, Lähteenvuo M, de Koning M, Morgenroth C, Müderrisoğlu A, Oviedo-Salcedo T, Schreiter S, Repo-Tiihonen E, Tuppurainen H, Veereschild M, Veerman S, de Vos M, Cohen D, Bogers J, Anıl Yağcıoğlu A, Tiihonen J, Ripke S, Bousman C, Van Beek H, Okhuijsen-Pfeifer C, van der Horst M, van Eijk K, Ertuğrul A, Yoca G, Görlitz T, Grootens K, Leucht S, Narang A, Schneider-Thoma J, Kahn R, Bekema E, Kleymann P, Luykx J, Alizadeh B, van Amelsvoort T, Cahn W, de Haan L, Schirmbeck F, Simons C, van Os J, Rutten B, van Winkel R. Associations Between Polygenic Risk Score Loading, Psychosis Liability, and Clozapine Use Among Individuals With Schizophrenia. JAMA Psychiatry 2023, 80: 181-185. PMID: 36542388, PMCID: PMC9857760, DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.4234.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAntipsychotic AgentsClozapineFemaleHumansMultifactorial InheritancePsychotic DisordersRisk FactorsSchizophreniaConceptsSchizophrenia spectrum disordersRisk ratioPolygenic risk scoresUnrelated healthy controlsRisk scorePRS-SCZClozapine useHealthy controlsOdds ratioCourse of illnessHigher likelihoodPsychosis liabilityClozapine prescribingClozapine prescriptionPharmacotherapy choicesClozapine treatmentObservational cohortMedication useAntipsychotic useAntipsychotic treatmentMAIN OUTCOMEMultinomial logistic regressionPrognostic studiesAntipsychoticsEarly intervention
2022
Bidirectional relationships between cannabis use, anxiety and depressive symptoms in the mediation of the association with psychotic experience: further support for an affective pathway to psychosis
Radhakrishnan R, Pries LK, Erzin G, Have M, de Graaf R, van Dorsselaer S, Gunther N, Bak M, Rutten BPF, van Os J, Guloksuz S. Bidirectional relationships between cannabis use, anxiety and depressive symptoms in the mediation of the association with psychotic experience: further support for an affective pathway to psychosis. Psychological Medicine 2022, 53: 5551-5557. PMID: 36093677, PMCID: PMC10482707, DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002756.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnxietyCannabinoid Receptor AgonistsCannabisDepressionHumansLongitudinal StudiesPsychotic DisordersConceptsAnxiety/depressive symptomsDepressive symptomsCannabis usePE incidencePsychotic experiencesFirst longitudinal cohort studyNetherlands Mental Health SurveyLongitudinal cohort studyMental Health SurveyRole of cannabisBidirectional relationshipCohort studyHealth SurveyIncidence studyAffective symptomsSymptomsCannabisEducation statusLongitudinal studyPsychosisIncidenceAnxietyTemporal relationshipMediation analysisFurther supportThe association between cannabis use and facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia, siblings, and healthy controls: Results from the EUGEI study
Fusar-Poli L, Pries LK, van Os J, Radhakrishnan R, Pençe AY, Erzin G, Delespaul P, Kenis G, Luykx JJ, Lin BD, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Kaymak SU, Mihaljevic MM, Andric-Petrovic S, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric NP, Atbaşoğlu C, Üçok A, Alptekin K, Saka MC, investigators G, Aguglia E, Arango C, Rutten BP, Guloksuz S. The association between cannabis use and facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia, siblings, and healthy controls: Results from the EUGEI study. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2022, 63: 47-59. PMID: 36055075, DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.08.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCannabinoid Receptor AgonistsCannabisCross-Sectional StudiesEmotionsFacial RecognitionHumansPsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaSiblingsConceptsHealthy controlsCannabis useDegraded Facial Affect Recognition TaskPresent cross-sectional studyCross-sectional studyHigh genetic riskProgression of schizophreniaRegular cannabis useCognitive disturbancesRegular cannabisPsychosis riskPatientsSchizophreniaFacial emotion recognition performanceGenetic riskCannabisCurrent cannabisEUGEI studyLongitudinal studyAgeSiblingsAssociationRiskOnsetEffect relationshipReducing Delay From Referral to Admission at a U.S. First-Episode Psychosis Service: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Ferrara M, Gallagher K, Yoviene Sykes LA, Markovich P, Li F, Pollard JM, Imetovski S, Cahill J, Guloksuz S, Srihari VH. Reducing Delay From Referral to Admission at a U.S. First-Episode Psychosis Service: A Quality Improvement Initiative. Psychiatric Services 2022, 73: 1416-1419. PMID: 35652190, PMCID: PMC9715806, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202100374.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsEarly DiagnosisHospitalizationHumansPsychotic DisordersQuality ImprovementReferral and ConsultationConceptsFirst-episode psychosis servicesConfirmation of eligibilityEarly detection campaignsProportion of admissionsSpecialty care servicesQuality improvement interventionsQuality improvement initiativesLonger DUPMedian delayPoor outcomeUntreated psychosisTreatment accessPsychosis onsetPsychosis servicesCSC servicesCare servicesImprovement interventionsAdmissionImprovement initiativesDetection campaignsInterventionGreater vulnerabilityReferralPsychosisEarly intervention service systems for youth mental health: integrating pluripotentiality, clinical staging, and transdiagnostic lessons from early psychosis
Shah J, Jones N, van Os J, McGorry P, Gülöksüz S. Early intervention service systems for youth mental health: integrating pluripotentiality, clinical staging, and transdiagnostic lessons from early psychosis. The Lancet Psychiatry 2022, 9: 413-422. PMID: 35430004, DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00467-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentEarly Intervention, EducationalEarly Medical InterventionHumansMental HealthPsychotic DisordersSyndromeConceptsRisk mental stateBroader mental health systemNon-psychotic disordersPerson-centred careMental health systemYouth mental healthClinical stagingEarly intervention service systemFirst episodeRelevance of outcomesEarly psychosisCenters of expertiseFrequent developmentDifferential riskClinical researchHealth systemPsychosisSpecific interventionsMental healthSyndromeMental statesDisordersTraditional diagnosisOutcomesClinicGender differences in the association between environment and psychosis
Pence AY, Pries LK, Ferrara M, Rutten BPF, van Os J, Guloksuz S. Gender differences in the association between environment and psychosis. Schizophrenia Research 2022, 243: 120-137. PMID: 35287098, DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.02.039.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAge of OnsetChildComorbidityFemaleHumansMalePsychotic DisordersSex FactorsSubstance-Related DisordersConceptsGender-related differencesChildhood adversityPsychosis riskSubstance useSubstance abuse comorbidityEnvironmental exposuresOnset of illnessAssociation of psychosisObstetric complicationsDifferent symptom dimensionsSeason of birthPsychosis spectrum disordersHigh prevalencePsychotic disordersPubMed databaseSystematic reviewPsychosisWomenChildhood abuseSymptom dimensionsMenEarly ageAssociationPsychosis expressionFurther investigation
2021
Association between exposome score for schizophrenia and functioning in first-episode psychosis: results from the Athens first-episode psychosis research study
Erzin G, Pries L, Dimitrakopoulos S, Ralli I, Xenaki L, Soldatos R, Vlachos I, Selakovic M, Foteli S, Kosteletos I, Nianiakas N, Mantonakis L, Rizos E, Kollias K, Van Os J, Guloksuz S, Stefanis N. Association between exposome score for schizophrenia and functioning in first-episode psychosis: results from the Athens first-episode psychosis research study. Psychological Medicine 2021, 53: 2609-2618. PMID: 34789350, PMCID: PMC10123830, DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004542.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLongitudinal clinical and functional outcome in distinct cognitive subgroups of first-episode psychosis: a cluster analysis
Oomen P, Begemann M, Brand B, de Haan L, Veling W, Koops S, van Os J, Smit F, Bakker P, van Beveren N, Boonstra N, Gülöksüz S, Kikkert M, Lokkerbol J, Marcelis M, Rosema B, de Beer F, Gangadin S, Geraets C, van ‘t Hag E, Haveman Y, van der Heijden I, Voppel A, Willemse E, van Amelsvoort T, Bak M, Batalla A, Been A, van den Bosch M, van den Brink T, Faber G, Grootens K, de Jonge M, Knegtering R, Kurkamp J, Mahabir A, Pijnenborg G, Staring T, Veen N, Veerman S, Wiersma S, Graveland E, Hoornaar J, Sommer I. Longitudinal clinical and functional outcome in distinct cognitive subgroups of first-episode psychosis: a cluster analysis. Psychological Medicine 2021, 53: 2317-2327. PMID: 34664546, PMCID: PMC10123843, DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004153.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCluster AnalysisCognitionCognitive DysfunctionHumansNeuropsychological TestsPsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaConceptsDistinct cognitive subgroupsCognitive subgroupsFirst-episode psychosisDiscrete cognitive profilesGeneral functioningTrend-level effectsCognitive profileSelf-reported functional outcomesCognitive clustersCognitive deficitsCognitionBrief assessmentFunctional outcomeLarge sampleFEP patientsClinical outcomesCurrent resultsSevere clinical symptomsPsychosisEarly identificationHealthy controlsCluster analysisClinical symptomsFunctioningDeficitsExamining facial emotion recognition as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis: Findings from the EUGEI study
Fusar-Poli L, Pries LK, van Os J, Erzin G, Delespaul P, Kenis G, Luykx JJ, Lin BD, Richards AL, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran EŞ, Kaymak SU, Mihaljevic MM, Andric-Petrovic S, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bobes J, Saiz PA, García-Portilla MP, Sanjuan J, Aguilar EJ, Santos JL, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric NP, Atbaşoğlu C, Üçok A, Alptekin K, Saka MC, investigators G, Aguglia E, Arango C, O'Donovan M, Rutten B, Guloksuz S. Examining facial emotion recognition as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis: Findings from the EUGEI study. Progress In Neuro-Psychopharmacology And Biological Psychiatry 2021, 113: 110440. PMID: 34536513, DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110440.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultFacial RecognitionFemaleGenomicsHumansInterviews as TopicMalePhenotypePsychotic DisordersRisk FactorsSiblingsConceptsDegraded Facial Affect Recognition TaskFacial emotion recognitionEmotion recognitionFacial affect recognition taskAffect recognition taskSocial cognition impairmentsFER deficitsIndividual emotionsPRS-SCZFER accuracyRecognition taskHealthy controlsSchizotypy-RevisedCognition impairmentIntermediate phenotypesPsychosis riskStructured interviewsEUGEI studySchizophreniaTotal scoreSiblingsGenetic riskDifferent patternsPsychosisEmotionsWhat makes the psychosis ‘clinical high risk’ state risky: psychosis itself or the co-presence of a non-psychotic disorder?
Hasmi L, Pries L, Have M, de Graaf R, van Dorsselaer S, Bak M, Kenis G, Richards A, Lin B, O'Donovan M, Luykx J, Rutten B, Guloksuz S, van Os J. What makes the psychosis ‘clinical high risk’ state risky: psychosis itself or the co-presence of a non-psychotic disorder? Epidemiology And Psychiatric Sciences 2021, 30: e53. PMID: 34225831, PMCID: PMC8264801, DOI: 10.1017/s204579602100041x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnxiety DisordersHumansMood DisordersProspective StudiesPsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaConceptsNon-psychotic disordersClinical high-risk stateClinical high riskHigh-risk stateHigh riskPsychotic symptomsPsychotic experiencesProspective general population cohortEarly psychotic experiencesIncident psychotic experiencesGeneral population cohortHealth service usePsychosis risk statesDrug use disordersPositive family historySchizophrenia polygenic risk scoresPsychosis incidenceAntipsychotic medicationYearly incidenceFamily historyPolygenic risk scoresRisk scoreAPS researchPRS-SZService useMedication strategies in first episode psychosis patients: A survey among psychiatrists
Kikkert M, Veling W, de Haan L, Begemann M, de Koning M, Sommer I, de Haan L, Veling W, van Os J, Smit F, Begemann M, Schuite‐Koops S, Marcelis M, Kikkert M, van Beveren N, Boonstra N, Rosema B, Bakker P, Gülöksüz S, Lokkerbol J, Brand B, Gangadin S, Geraets C, Hag E, Oomen P, Voppel A, van Amelsvoort T, Bak M, Been A, van den Bosch M, van den Brink T, Faber G, Grootens K, de Jonge M, Knegtering H, Kurkamp J, Mahabir A, Pijnenborg G, Staring T, Vaes W, Veen N, Veerman S, Wiersma S, Sommer I. Medication strategies in first episode psychosis patients: A survey among psychiatrists. Early Intervention In Psychiatry 2021, 16: 139-146. PMID: 33754470, PMCID: PMC9292219, DOI: 10.1111/eip.13138.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntipsychotic AgentsHumansPsychiatryPsychotic DisordersRemission InductionSurveys and QuestionnairesConceptsFirst psychotic episodeMedication discontinuationMedication strategiesPsychotic episodeFirst-episode psychosis patientsEpisode psychosis patientsSubstantial practice variationFirst-episode patientsMonths of remissionFirst-episode psychosisSpecific treatment strategiesSubsample of patientsPractice of cliniciansMaintenance therapyEarly discontinuationPsychosis patientsAntipsychotic drugsEpisode psychosisTreatment strategiesReduced dosePractice variationLong-term effectsSame doseDiscontinuationMost guidelinesSchizophrenia and the Environment: Within-Person Analyses May be Required to Yield Evidence of Unconfounded and Causal Association—The Example of Cannabis and Psychosis
van Os J, Pries L, Have M, de Graaf R, van Dorsselaer S, Bak M, Wittchen H, Rutten B, Guloksuz S. Schizophrenia and the Environment: Within-Person Analyses May be Required to Yield Evidence of Unconfounded and Causal Association—The Example of Cannabis and Psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2021, 47: 594-603. PMID: 33693921, PMCID: PMC8084443, DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab019.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFixed-effects modelCannabis usePsychotic experiencesGeneral population cohortRandom-effects modelMental health outcomesRisk factorsTime-varying confoundersProspective associationsPopulation cohortHealth outcomesOwn controlCausal associationPsychosisCannabisLongitudinal studyAssociationBetween-person levelConfoundersCohortIncidenceSchizophreniaAntipsychotics result in more weight gain in antipsychotic naive patients than in patients after antipsychotic switch and weight gain is irrespective of psychiatric diagnosis: A meta-analysis
Bak M, Drukker M, Cortenraad S, Vandenberk E, Guloksuz S. Antipsychotics result in more weight gain in antipsychotic naive patients than in patients after antipsychotic switch and weight gain is irrespective of psychiatric diagnosis: A meta-analysis. PLOS ONE 2021, 16: e0244944. PMID: 33596211, PMCID: PMC7888647, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244944.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAntipsychotic-naive patientsBody weight changesBody weight gainWeight gainPsychiatric diagnosisNaive patientsWeight changeAntipsychotic useBodyweight gainAntipsychotic-naive groupMore weight gainDiagnosis of schizophreniaAntipsychotic switchMost antipsychoticsShort followSwitch studyMetabolic disturbancesClinical trialsOutcome measuresAntipsychoticsPatientsBody weightNaive groupSwitch groupDiagnosis
2020
Natural History, Not Lead Time
Srihari VH, Guloksuz S, Friis S. Natural History, Not Lead Time. American Journal Of Psychiatry 2020, 177: 1185-1185. PMID: 33256447, PMCID: PMC7968614, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20040402.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPredictive Performance of Exposome Score for Schizophrenia in the General Population
Pries L, Erzin G, van Os J, Have M, de Graaf R, van Dorsselaer S, Bak M, Rutten B, Guloksuz S. Predictive Performance of Exposome Score for Schizophrenia in the General Population. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2020, 47: 277-283. PMID: 33215211, PMCID: PMC7965069, DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa170.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsES-SCZOptimal cut pointGeneral populationPopulation cohortGeneral population cohortCut pointsExposome scoreSchizophrenia spectrum disordersMeta-analytical estimatesClinical outcomesRisk strataRisk stratificationMulticausal etiologyMedical outcomesPsychiatric diagnosisBipolar disorderSchizophrenia diagnosisExposure scoreSuicide planSum scoreGene-environment interaction studiesSchizophreniaRisk predictionCharacteristic curveScoresExamining the independent and joint effects of genomic and exposomic liabilities for schizophrenia across the psychosis spectrum
Pries L, Dal Ferro G, van Os J, Delespaul P, Kenis G, Lin B, Luykx J, Richards A, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran E, Kaymak S, Mihaljevic M, Petrovic S, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bobes J, Saiz P, García-Portilla M, Sanjuan J, Aguilar E, Santos J, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric N, Atbaşoğlu C, Ucok A, Alptekin K, Saka M, Alizadeh B, van Amelsvoort T, Bruggeman R, Cahn W, de Haan L, Rutten B, Luykx J, van Os J, van Winkel R, Arango C, O'Donovan M, Tosato S, Rutten B, Guloksuz S. Examining the independent and joint effects of genomic and exposomic liabilities for schizophrenia across the psychosis spectrum. Epidemiology And Psychiatric Sciences 2020, 29: e182. PMID: 33200977, PMCID: PMC7681168, DOI: 10.1017/s2045796020000943.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDecreased mitochondrial electron transport proteins and increased complement mediators in plasma neural-derived exosomes of early psychosis
Goetzl EJ, Srihari VH, Guloksuz S, Ferrara M, Tek C, Heninger GR. Decreased mitochondrial electron transport proteins and increased complement mediators in plasma neural-derived exosomes of early psychosis. Translational Psychiatry 2020, 10: 361. PMID: 33106473, PMCID: PMC7588411, DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01046-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAstrocytesComplement System ProteinsElectron TransportExosomesHumansPsychotic DisordersEvidence, and replication thereof, that molecular-genetic and environmental risks for psychosis impact through an affective pathway
van Os J, Pries L, Have M, de Graaf R, van Dorsselaer S, Delespaul P, Bak M, Kenis G, Lin B, Luykx J, Richards A, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran E, Kaymak S, Mihaljevic M, Petrovic S, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bobes J, Saiz P, García-Portilla M, Sanjuan J, Aguilar E, Santos J, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric N, Atbaşoğlu C, Ucok A, Alptekin K, Saka M, Arango C, O'Donovan M, Rutten B, Guloksuz S. Evidence, and replication thereof, that molecular-genetic and environmental risks for psychosis impact through an affective pathway. Psychological Medicine 2020, 52: 1910-1922. PMID: 33070791, DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003748.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsDelusionsHallucinationsHumansMultifactorial InheritancePsychotic DisordersRiskSchizophreniaConceptsSchizophrenia spectrum disordersChildhood adversityRisk factorsNEMESIS-2Affective dysregulationNon-genetic risk factorsSignificant depressive symptomsSample of patientsRepresentative general population sampleGenetic risk factorsGeneral population sampleSchizophrenia polygenic riskPsychosis outcomesSpectrum disorderDepressive symptomsPRS-SZPolygenic riskDysregulationPatientsPopulation samplePsychosisAffective pathwayDisordersHallucinatory experiencesDelusional ideationA replication study of JTC bias, genetic liability for psychosis and delusional ideation
Henquet C, van Os J, Pries L, Rauschenberg C, Delespaul P, Kenis G, Luykx J, Lin B, Richards A, Akdede B, Binbay T, Altınyazar V, Yalınçetin B, Gümüş-Akay G, Cihan B, Soygür H, Ulaş H, Cankurtaran E, Kaymak S, Mihaljevic M, Petrovic S, Mirjanic T, Bernardo M, Mezquida G, Amoretti S, Bobes J, Saiz P, García-Portilla M, Sanjuan J, Aguilar E, Santos J, Jiménez-López E, Arrojo M, Carracedo A, López G, González-Peñas J, Parellada M, Maric N, Atbaşoğlu C, Ucok A, Alptekin K, Saka M, Arango C, O'Donovan M, Rutten B, Gülöksüz S. A replication study of JTC bias, genetic liability for psychosis and delusional ideation. Psychological Medicine 2020, 52: 1777-1783. PMID: 33046166, PMCID: PMC9280279, DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003578.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDo Current Measures of Polygenic Risk for Mental Disorders Contribute to Population Variance in Mental Health?
Marsman A, Pries L, Have M, de Graaf R, van Dorsselaer S, Bak M, Kenis G, Lin B, Luykx J, Rutten B, Guloksuz S, van Os J. Do Current Measures of Polygenic Risk for Mental Disorders Contribute to Population Variance in Mental Health? Schizophrenia Bulletin 2020, 46: 1353-1362. PMID: 33259628, PMCID: PMC7707067, DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa086.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAdverse Childhood ExperiencesAgedFamilyFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHealth SurveysHumansLife Change EventsLongitudinal StudiesMaleMarijuana UseMiddle AgedMultifactorial InheritanceNetherlandsPsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaSocioeconomic FactorsUrban PopulationYoung AdultConceptsPolygenic risk scoresSchizophrenia polygenic risk scoresMental healthFamily historyNetherlands Mental Health SurveyPopulation-based studyPolygenic riskChildhood traumaMental Health SurveyMental health changesEnvironmental risk factorsGeneral mental healthPopulation mental healthGeneral population sampleSomatic painRisk factorsHealth SurveyRisk scorePRS-SZBipolar disorderEpidemiological settingsMental disordersHealth changesAttributable variationPain