2008
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Facilitates West Nile Virus Entry into the Brain
Wang P, Dai J, Bai F, Kong KF, Wong SJ, Montgomery RR, Madri JA, Fikrig E. Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Facilitates West Nile Virus Entry into the Brain. Journal Of Virology 2008, 82: 8978-8985. PMID: 18632868, PMCID: PMC2546894, DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00314-08.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMatrix metalloproteinase-9Blood-brain barrierWest Nile virusWNV entryMetalloproteinase-9MMP9 expressionWNV infectionIntact blood-brain barrierBlood-brain barrier permeabilityBrain viral loadWest Nile virus entryEvans blue leakageMosquito-borne encephalitisWest Nile encephalitisLethal WNV challengeWild-type miceCentral nervous systemType IV collagen degradationPeripheral viremiaViral loadLeukocyte infiltrateInflammatory cytokinesLikely multifactorialBarrier permeabilityHost cytokinesDysregulation of TLR3 Impairs the Innate Immune Response to West Nile Virus in the Elderly
Kong KF, Delroux K, Wang X, Qian F, Arjona A, Malawista SE, Fikrig E, Montgomery RR. Dysregulation of TLR3 Impairs the Innate Immune Response to West Nile Virus in the Elderly. Journal Of Virology 2008, 82: 7613-7623. PMID: 18508883, PMCID: PMC2493309, DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00618-08.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAge FactorsAgedAged, 80 and overCell Adhesion MoleculesCell LineCells, CulturedCytokinesFemaleHumansImmunity, InnateLectins, C-TypeMacrophagesMaleMiddle AgedNorth AmericaProtein BindingReceptors, Cell SurfaceSTAT1 Transcription FactorToll-Like Receptor 3Viral Envelope ProteinsWest Nile FeverWest Nile virusConceptsInnate immune responseToll-like receptor 3Intercellular adhesion molecule 3West Nile virusImmune responseYoung donorsC-type lectin dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3Nile virusBlood-brain barrierWNV envelope proteinSevere neurological diseaseResponsiveness of macrophagesPrimary human macrophagesCytokine levelsOlder donorsWNV infectionNeurological diseasesReceptor 3Human macrophagesOlder individualsElevated levelsMacrophagesMolecule 3Significant differences
2007
Abrogation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor decreases West Nile virus lethality by limiting viral neuroinvasion
Arjona A, Foellmer HG, Town T, Leng L, McDonald C, Wang T, Wong SJ, Montgomery RR, Fikrig E, Bucala R. Abrogation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor decreases West Nile virus lethality by limiting viral neuroinvasion. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2007, 117: 3059-3066. PMID: 17909632, PMCID: PMC1994625, DOI: 10.1172/jci32218.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMacrophage migration inhibitory factorMigration inhibitory factorViral neuroinvasionWest Nile virusInvolvement of MIFInhibitory factorProinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factorCytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factorWNV-infected miceBlood-brain barrierLife-threatening encephalitisWild-type miceAcute WNV infectionFlavivirus West Nile virusMIF expressionMIF levelsViral loadWNV encephalitisMIF actionPharmacotherapeutic approachesInflammatory responseWNV infectionCerebrospinal fluidSusceptible individualsInnate immunity