2021
Virtual Telesimulation for Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Ray JM, Wong AH, Yang TJ, Buck S, Joseph M, Bonz JW, Auerbach MA, Couturier K, Tomassoni AJ, Schwartz ML, Evans LV. Virtual Telesimulation for Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Academic Medicine 2021, 96: 1431-1435. PMID: 33883398, PMCID: PMC8475640, DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004129.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMedical studentsVideoconferencing platformUndergraduate medical educationImmersive educational experienceClinical skill developmentSimulation-based learningMedical student curriculumLearning experienceEducational experienceStudent curriculumClerkship rotationEducational modalitiesContent areasMedical educationMedical schoolsSkill developmentFacilitator interactionsStudentsOnline webinarsPatient actorsStudent volunteersCOVID-19 pandemicSimilar programsChat functionSchools
2020
The Use of Mobile Devices to Enhance Engagement and Integration with Curricular Content.
Leydon GB, Schwartz ML. The Use of Mobile Devices to Enhance Engagement and Integration with Curricular Content. The Yale Journal Of Biology And Medicine 2020, 93: 453-460. PMID: 32874152, PMCID: PMC7448388.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchImpaired motor skill learning and altered seizure susceptibility in mice with loss or gain of function of the Kcnt1 gene encoding Slack (KNa1.1) Na+-activated K+ channels
Quraishi IH, Mercier MR, McClure H, Couture RL, Schwartz ML, Lukowski R, Ruth P, Kaczmarek LK. Impaired motor skill learning and altered seizure susceptibility in mice with loss or gain of function of the Kcnt1 gene encoding Slack (KNa1.1) Na+-activated K+ channels. Scientific Reports 2020, 10: 3213. PMID: 32081855, PMCID: PMC7035262, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60028-z.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMaximum electroshock-induced seizuresEpilepsy of infancyPentylenetetrazole-induced seizuresVideo-EEG monitoringElectroshock-induced seizuresForms of epilepsyWild-type miceSlack channelsImpaired motor skillsProcedural motor learningMotor skillsWild-type animalsSevere intellectual disabilityOpen-field behaviorCortical seizuresKCNT1 geneSpontaneous seizuresFocal seizuresSeizure susceptibilitySeizure activityType miceMouse modelAnimal modelsInterictal spikesSeizures
2019
Principles and Practices for Developing an Integrated Medical School Curricular Sequence About Sexual and Gender Minority Health
Encandela J, Zelin NS, Solotke M, Schwartz ML. Principles and Practices for Developing an Integrated Medical School Curricular Sequence About Sexual and Gender Minority Health. Teaching And Learning In Medicine 2019, 31: 319-334. PMID: 30661414, DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2018.1559167.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAmerican Medical CollegesCurricular componentsCurricular sequenceGender minority patientsCurriculum development practicesRevision of curriculaMedical education environmentMedical education communityGender minority contentLanguage of collaborationGender minority healthMedical CollegeNew curriculumStudent developmentCurriculum evaluationEducation communityEducation environmentCore principlesCurricular interventionsProfessional competenciesFaculty ownershipFaculty rolesMedical studentsCurriculumMinority content
2018
When patients hurt us
Cyrus KD, Angoff NR, Illuzzi JL, Schwartz ML, Wilkins KM. When patients hurt us. Medical Teacher 2018, 40: 1308-1309. PMID: 29375008, DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2018.1428291.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2017
Twelve tips for incorporating and teaching sexual and gender minority health in medical school curricula
Solotke M, Sitkin NA, Schwartz ML, Encandela JA. Twelve tips for incorporating and teaching sexual and gender minority health in medical school curricula. Medical Teacher 2017, 41: 141-146. PMID: 29179617, DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2017.1407867.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIndividual educatorsMedical curriculumHealth contentUndergraduate medical educationMedical school curriculumUndergraduate medical curriculumGender minority healthPedagogical methodsSchool curriculumCurricular contentCurricular materialsMedical educationLack of supportCurriculumHealth of lesbianEducatorsGender minoritiesTeachingMinority HealthEducationLogistical barriersChallengesTransgender patientsContentLesbiansUsing learning analytics to evaluate a video-based lecture series
Lau KHV, Farooque P, Leydon G, Schwartz ML, Sadler RM, Moeller JJ. Using learning analytics to evaluate a video-based lecture series. Medical Teacher 2017, 40: 91-98. PMID: 29113565, DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2017.1395001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMassive Open Online CoursesVideo-based lecturesAccessible massive open online coursesAudience retentionVideo-sharing platformsOpen Online CoursesUsage dataView countVideoAnalytic dataOnline coursesLearner feedbackCore conceptsAnalyticsYouTubeFeedbackPlatformComprehensive evaluationLearnersElectroencephalography interpretationFlipped classroomModelDetailed evaluation
2012
Environmental Enrichment Increases the GFAP+ Stem Cell Pool and Reverses Hypoxia-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Juvenile Mice
Salmaso N, Silbereis J, Komitova M, Mitchell P, Chapman K, Ment LR, Schwartz ML, Vaccarino FM. Environmental Enrichment Increases the GFAP+ Stem Cell Pool and Reverses Hypoxia-Induced Cognitive Deficits in Juvenile Mice. Journal Of Neuroscience 2012, 32: 8930-8939. PMID: 22745493, PMCID: PMC3399175, DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1398-12.2012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnalysis of VarianceAnimalsAnimals, NewbornBromodeoxyuridineCell CountCell DifferentiationCognition DisordersDeoxyuridineDisease Models, AnimalEnvironmentEstrogen AntagonistsFemaleGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHumansHypoxiaIdoxuridineKi-67 AntigenMaleMaze LearningMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicNerve Tissue ProteinsNeurogenesisNeurogliaReceptors, EstrogenStem CellsTamoxifenConceptsHypoxic injuryBrain injuryAstroglial cellsChronic hypoxic injuryDevelopmental brain injuryLow birth weightCell poolEnvironmental enrichmentAdult brain injuryAbnormal lung developmentStem cell poolPerinatal hypoxic injuryFate-mapping modelsSocio-demographic factorsNeurobiological recoveryHippocampal neurogenesisVLBW cohortPremature childrenBirth weightCardiovascular abnormalitiesJuvenile miceAnimal modelsLung developmentInjuryCognitive deficitsSpecies-Dependent Posttranscriptional Regulation of NOS1 by FMRP in the Developing Cerebral Cortex
Kwan KY, Lam MM, Johnson MB, Dube U, Shim S, Rašin MR, Sousa AM, Fertuzinhos S, Chen JG, Arellano JI, Chan DW, Pletikos M, Vasung L, Rowitch DH, Huang EJ, Schwartz ML, Willemsen R, Oostra BA, Rakic P, Heffer M, Kostović I, Judaš M, Šestan N. Species-Dependent Posttranscriptional Regulation of NOS1 by FMRP in the Developing Cerebral Cortex. Cell 2012, 149: 899-911. PMID: 22579290, PMCID: PMC3351852, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.060.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNeuronal nitric oxide synthase 1Pyramidal neuronsNOS1 mRNANitric oxide synthase 1Mouse pyramidal neuronsOrofacial motor cortexFMRP-deficient miceFragile X syndromeCerebral cortexMotor cortexCognitive dysfunctionEarly synaptogenesisLoss of functionMonogenic causesNeocortical circuitsLayer 5Human neocortexProtein levelsNeuronsIntellectual disabilityBroca's areaNOS1 proteinCortexSynthase 1FXS casesImpaired motor coordination and disrupted cerebellar architecture in Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 double knockout mice
Smith K, Williamson TL, Schwartz ML, Vaccarino FM. Impaired motor coordination and disrupted cerebellar architecture in Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 double knockout mice. Brain Research 2012, 1460: 12-24. PMID: 22578469, PMCID: PMC3361544, DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.04.002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFibroblast growth factor receptorHuman GFAP promoterInner granule cell layerDKO miceGranule cell numberGranule cell progenitorsRadial glial stem cellsMidline glial structuresImpaired motor coordinationCerebellar sizeGranule cell layerDouble knockout miceGlial precursor cellsGlial stem cellsCell numberGranule neuron precursorsGrowth factor receptorGABA interneuronsGranule cell migrationCerebral cortexExternal granular layerMolecular layerMotor coordinationGranule cellsKnockout mice
2009
Decreased number of parvalbumin and cholinergic interneurons in the striatum of individuals with Tourette syndrome
Kataoka Y, Kalanithi PS, Grantz H, Schwartz ML, Saper C, Leckman JF, Vaccarino FM. Decreased number of parvalbumin and cholinergic interneurons in the striatum of individuals with Tourette syndrome. The Journal Of Comparative Neurology 2009, 518: 277-291. PMID: 19941350, PMCID: PMC2846837, DOI: 10.1002/cne.22206.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMedium spiny neuronsCholinergic interneuronsTourette syndromeNormal controlsCholinergic striatal interneuronsNumber of parvalbuminBrains of patientsCaudate nucleus volumeUnbiased stereological analysisStriatal interneuronsOngoing motor behaviorCholinergic cellsTotal neuronsCholine acetyltransferaseSpiny neuronsLimbic regionsStriatum of individualsTS patientsPostmortem brainsThalamic controlSensorimotor regionsInterneuronsCellular abnormalitiesNeuron firingTS subjectsStrain Differences in Behavioral and Cellular Responses to Perinatal Hypoxia and Relationships to Neural Stem Cell Survival and Self-Renewal Modeling the Neurovascular Niche
Li Q, Liu J, Michaud M, Schwartz ML, Madri JA. Strain Differences in Behavioral and Cellular Responses to Perinatal Hypoxia and Relationships to Neural Stem Cell Survival and Self-Renewal Modeling the Neurovascular Niche. American Journal Of Pathology 2009, 175: 2133-2145. PMID: 19815710, PMCID: PMC2774076, DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090354.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBehavior, AnimalCell DifferentiationCell MovementCell SurvivalCells, CulturedChemokine CXCL12Endothelial CellsEnzyme ActivationFemaleHumansHypoxiaHypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha SubunitHypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline DioxygenasesInfantInfant, NewbornInfant, PrematureMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Inbred StrainsNeuronsNeuropsychological TestsPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesProcollagen-Proline DioxygenaseProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktSignal TransductionStem CellsConceptsChronic hypoxiaC57 miceHIF-1alphaLow birth weight infant populationMatrix metalloproteinase-9 activityStromal-derived factor-1CD-1 miceMetalloproteinase-9 activityAdult C57 miceHypoxia-induced factorNeural stem cell survivalHigher apoptosis ratePerinatal hypoxiaRepair/recoveryClinical improvementNeurodevelopmental handicapPreventive therapyPremature infantsNeurogenic zonesNeurovascular nicheInfant populationC57BL/6 pupsProlyl hydroxylase domain 2Migratory responsivenessStem cell survival
2007
Modeling the neurovascular niche: Murine strain differences mimic the range of responses to chronic hypoxia in the premature newborn
Li Q, Michaud M, Stewart W, Schwartz M, Madri JA. Modeling the neurovascular niche: Murine strain differences mimic the range of responses to chronic hypoxia in the premature newborn. Journal Of Neuroscience Research 2007, 86: 1227-1242. PMID: 18092360, PMCID: PMC2644407, DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21597.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornApoptosisBlotting, WesternBrainCell ProliferationDisease Models, AnimalGene ExpressionHematopoiesis, ExtramedullaryHumansHypoxia, BrainImmunohistochemistryImmunoprecipitationInfant, NewbornInfant, PrematureIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLNitric OxideStem CellsConceptsNeural progenitor cellsChronic hypoxiaSubventricular zonePreterm birth resultsLow baseline levelsHypoxia-induced levelsNeurogenic responseNeurovascular nicheHypoxic insultBlunted responseBirth resultsC57BL/6 pupsBaseline levelsMotor disabilityMouse strainsGrowth factorVariable recoveryHypoxiaProgenitor cellsPupsRecent evidenceSignificant cognitiveHypoxicApoptotic responseResponseAstroglial Cells in Development, Regeneration, and Repair
Vaccarino FM, Fagel DM, Ganat Y, Maragnoli ME, Ment LR, Ohkubo Y, Schwartz ML, Silbereis J, Smith KM. Astroglial Cells in Development, Regeneration, and Repair. The Neuroscientist 2007, 13: 173-185. PMID: 17404377, DOI: 10.1177/1073858406298336.Peer-Reviewed Original Research In PressConceptsFibroblast growth factor receptorAstroglial cellsGenetic fate mappingCell divisionLineage studiesGrowth factor receptorPostnatal CNSEmbryonic CNSMain cellular componentsFate mappingNeuronal differentiationCellular componentsCell typesInjury-induced increaseFactor receptorNeurogenic nichePerinatal injuryCerebral cortexYoung miceCellsOligodendrocytesNeuronsDifferent rolesCNSNiche
2005
Altered parvalbumin-positive neuron distribution in basal ganglia of individuals with Tourette syndrome
Kalanithi PS, Zheng W, Kataoka Y, DiFiglia M, Grantz H, Saper CB, Schwartz ML, Leckman JF, Vaccarino FM. Altered parvalbumin-positive neuron distribution in basal ganglia of individuals with Tourette syndrome. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2005, 102: 13307-13312. PMID: 16131542, PMCID: PMC1201574, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0502624102.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeNeuron distributionCalcium-binding protein parvalbuminNeuron numberT subjectsLower neuron numberGlobus pallidus pars externaParvalbumin-positive interneuronsTotal neuron numberUnbiased stereological techniquesChildhood neuropsychiatric disordersBasal ganglia tissueGABAergic neuronsGPi neuronsBasal gangliaCortico-striatoGlobus pallidusProtein parvalbuminThalamic circuitryGanglion tissueVocal ticsNormal controlsPutamen volumePars externaImaging studies
2004
Neonatal hypoxia suppresses oligodendrocyte Nogo-A and increases axonal sprouting in a rodent model for human prematurity
Weiss J, Takizawa B, McGee A, Stewart WB, Zhang H, Ment L, Schwartz M, Strittmatter S. Neonatal hypoxia suppresses oligodendrocyte Nogo-A and increases axonal sprouting in a rodent model for human prematurity. Experimental Neurology 2004, 189: 141-149. PMID: 15296844, DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.05.018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAge FactorsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornAxonsBehavior, AnimalBiotinCentral Nervous SystemDextransDisease Models, AnimalExploratory BehaviorHumansHypoxia, BrainImmunoblottingImmunohistochemistryInfant, NewbornInfant, PrematureMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMyelin Basic ProteinMyelin ProteinsMyelin-Associated GlycoproteinNogo ProteinsOligodendrogliaReceptors, Cell SurfaceTime FactorsConceptsChronic sublethal hypoxiaPeriventricular leukomalaciaMyelin associated glycoproteinCorticospinal tractWhite matterLow birth weight infantsCerebral white matter volumeBirth weight infantsLow birth weightAnterograde axonal tracingPeriventricular white matterPremature human infantsCNS white matterWhite matter volumeHypoxia-induced reductionWeight infantsAxonal sproutingCerebral ventriculomegalyCorticofugal fibersLocomotor hyperactivityNeonatal hypoxiaPersistent abnormalitiesMotor cortexBirth weightHuman prematurity
1999
6 Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling Regulates Growth and Morphogenesis at Multiple Steps during Brain Development11This work represents a collaboration between the laboratories of the first two authors.
Vaccarino F, Schwartz M, Raballo R, Rhee J, Lyn-Cook R. 6 Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling Regulates Growth and Morphogenesis at Multiple Steps during Brain Development11This work represents a collaboration between the laboratories of the first two authors. Current Topics In Developmental Biology 1999, 46: 179-200. PMID: 10417880, DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60329-4.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsCentral nervous system regionsNervous system regionsCentral nervous systemRole of FGF2Growth factor familyCerebral cortexFibroblast growth factor (FGF) familyCortical developmentNervous systemFibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalingGrowth factor signalingSystem regionsFactor signalingMolecular mechanismsCoordinated activationDistinct patternsTarget genesFGF2FGFFactor familyCortex
1986
GABA and GAD immunoreactiviy of photoreceptor terminals in primate retina
Nishimura Y, Schwartz M, Rakic P. GABA and GAD immunoreactiviy of photoreceptor terminals in primate retina. Nature 1986, 320: 753-756. PMID: 3703002, DOI: 10.1038/320753a0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPhotoreceptor terminalsRhesus monkey retinaFirst-order synapsesGlutamic acid decarboxylasePresynaptic profilesΓ-aminobutyric acidMonkey retinaPerifoveal regionInhibitory neurotransmitterPrimate retinaCone terminalsHorizontal cellsSynaptic functionAcid decarboxylaseRetinaPhotoreceptor cellsVertebrate retinaUltrastructural characteristicsNeurotransmittersAntibodiesSynapsesPresent studyCellsGABAVisual signals