Characterization of Macrophage Polarization States Using Combined Measurement of 2-Deoxyglucose and Glutamine Accumulation
Tavakoli S, Downs K, Short JD, Nguyen HN, Lai Y, Jerabek PA, Goins B, Toczek J, Sadeghi MM, Asmis R. Characterization of Macrophage Polarization States Using Combined Measurement of 2-Deoxyglucose and Glutamine Accumulation. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis And Vascular Biology 2017, 37: 1840-1848. PMID: 28798141, PMCID: PMC8036006, DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.308848.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMacrophage activation statesGlutamine accumulationVulnerable plaquesAtherosclerotic lesionsLow-density lipoprotein receptor-null miceF-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographyReceptor null miceF-fluorodeoxyglucose uptakeHigh-fat dietVessel wall inflammationMacrophage polarization stateEarly promising resultsActivation statePositron emission tomographyMurine peritoneal macrophagesProinflammatory stateInflammatory stateWall inflammationNecrosis factorF-fluorodeoxyglucosePolarization phenotypesInterleukin-4