2024
A Patient With Type 1 Diabetes and Acute Rhinosinusitis
Roman F, Azar M, Trubin P. A Patient With Type 1 Diabetes and Acute Rhinosinusitis. JAMA 2024, 331: 1586-1587. PMID: 38630502, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.0642.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchLung infections due to emerging fungal pathogens
Roman F, Pischel L, Azar M. Lung infections due to emerging fungal pathogens. Current Opinion In Pulmonary Medicine 2024, 30: 258-265. PMID: 38411158, DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001059.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEndemic mycosesManagement of pulmonary infectionsFungal pathogensPathogenic fungiAntifungal prophylaxisBlastomyces speciesFungal infectionsFungal organismsAspergillus moldsEnvironmental changesImmunocompromised hostsPulmonary infectionTherapeutic challengeLung infectionMycosesClinical evidenceClinical managementIncreased incidencePulmonary diseaseEnlarged poolDisease burdenInfectionLomentosporaScedosporiumDiagnostic capabilities
2023
Response to comment on “Dosing implications for liposomal amphotericin B in pregnancy”
O'Grady N, Davis M, McManus D, Topal J, Azar M, Briggs N. Response to comment on “Dosing implications for liposomal amphotericin B in pregnancy”. Pharmacotherapy The Journal Of Human Pharmacology And Drug Therapy 2023, 43: 992-992. PMID: 37701938, DOI: 10.1002/phar.2864.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsRapid antimicrobial resistance detection methods for bloodstream infection in solid organ transplantation: Proposed clinical guidance, unmet needs, and future directions
Turbett S, Banach D, Bard J, Gandhi R, Letourneau A, Azar M. Rapid antimicrobial resistance detection methods for bloodstream infection in solid organ transplantation: Proposed clinical guidance, unmet needs, and future directions. Transplant Infectious Disease 2023, 25: e14113. PMID: 37594214, DOI: 10.1111/tid.14113.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsUnmet needSolid organ transplant recipientsOrgan transplant recipientsSolid organ transplantationTransplant infectious diseasesEffective antimicrobial therapyPositive blood culturesFast institutionSOT recipientsTransplant recipientsDiagnostic stewardshipBloodstream infectionsAntimicrobial therapyBlood culturesClinical guidanceOrgan transplantationConsensus conferenceClinical practiceInfectious diseasesClinical microbiologyAmerican SocietyTransplantationResistance detectionBacterial resistanceRecipientsCurrent Concepts in the Diagnosis and Management of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Solid Organ Transplantation
Trubin P, Azar M. Current Concepts in the Diagnosis and Management of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Solid Organ Transplantation. Infectious Disease Clinics Of North America 2023, 37: 617-640. PMID: 37142510, DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2023.03.005.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsSolid organ transplant recipientsOrgan transplant recipientsFirst-choice agentsSolid organ transplantationAppropriate clinical contextTransplant recipientsInterstitial pneumoniaTrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazoleOptimal treatmentPneumocystis pneumoniaOrgan transplantationInfection manifestsPrevention strategiesNucleic acid amplificationDiagnostic testingRadiographic imagingTissue samplingClinical contextLung fluidCurrent conceptsHost susceptibilityPneumoniaAcid amplificationTreatmentProphylaxisDosing implications for liposomal amphotericin B in pregnancy
O'Grady N, McManus D, Briggs N, Azar M, Topal J, Davis M. Dosing implications for liposomal amphotericin B in pregnancy. Pharmacotherapy The Journal Of Human Pharmacology And Drug Therapy 2023, 43: 452-462. PMID: 36862037, DOI: 10.1002/phar.2784.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIdeal body weightLiposomal amphotericin BMucocutaneous leishmaniasisBody weightAmphotericin BInfectious Diseases SocietyTotal body weightPregnant patientsDiseases SocietyAmerica guidelinesPreferred agentPregnancyParasitic infectionsOpportunistic fungalAdverse effectsPatientsTreatmentLeishmaniasisLambsDaysUse of lambsGuidelinesRegimensWeightFetuses
2022
The cascade of care in testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in liver transplant candidates
Palacios C, Medvedeva N, Cheung H, Cohen E, Azar M, Malinis M. The cascade of care in testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in liver transplant candidates. Transplant Infectious Disease 2022, 25: e13999. PMID: 36484433, DOI: 10.1111/tid.13999.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLatent tuberculosis infectionLT candidatesIndeterminate IGRALTBI testingTuberculosis infectionCascade of carePost-liver transplantLiver transplant candidatesProportion of patientsRetrospective chart reviewTB-endemic countriesInterferon-gamma releaseTreatment completion ratesCompletion ratesLTBI treatmentPositive IGRATB reactivationCare cascadeTreatment-naïveChart reviewSecondary outcomesTransplant candidatesPrimary outcomeTreatment initiationChest imagingAntiviral Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pneumonia
Radcliffe C, Malinis M, Azar M. Antiviral Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pneumonia. Clinics In Chest Medicine 2022, 44: 279-297. PMID: 37085220, PMCID: PMC9701636, DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.11.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAcute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectionSyndrome coronavirus 2 infectionCoronavirus diseaseCoronavirus 2 infectionDirect acting antiviralsAdditional clinical trialsReal-world studyCOVID-19Acting antiviralsAntiviral treatmentTherapeutic optionsAvailable therapiesClinical trialsDisease progressionInpatient treatmentHigh riskEarly pandemicMonoclonal antibodiesDiseaseTreatmentMorbidityPandemicPneumoniaOutpatientsReal-world assessment of the clinical utility of whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of infection.
Medvedeva N, Radcliffe C, Malinis M, Chen M, Azar M. Real-world assessment of the clinical utility of whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of infection. PLOS ONE 2022, 17: e0277403. PMID: 36374789, PMCID: PMC9662742, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277403.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPET/CTClinical impactFDG PET/CTRetrospective chart reviewEmission tomography/Evaluation of infectionDiagnosis of infectionVariety of syndromesInfectious indicationsChart reviewCommon indicationTomography useUnknown etiologyEndovascular infectionTomography/Antimicrobial managementClinical indicationsReal-world assessmentInclusion criteriaClinical utilityPatientsTreatment managementUnknown originInfectionCTOverall Infectious Complications Related to Belatacept Conversion in Comparison to Tacrolimus in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Marvin JE, Azar MM, Belfield KD, Do V, Formica R, Cohen EA. Overall Infectious Complications Related to Belatacept Conversion in Comparison to Tacrolimus in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Progress In Transplantation 2022, 32: 351-356. PMID: 36039533, DOI: 10.1177/15269248221122894.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsKidney transplant recipientsProportion of patientsBelatacept conversionInfectious complicationsTransplant recipientsExact testLong-term infectious complicationsFavorable side effect profileOverall infectious complicationsSide effect profileTime of transplantFisher's exact testT-testStudent's t-testMann-Whitney UInduction immunosuppressionTacrolimus patientsKidney transplantMore patientsPrimary outcomeEffect profileTacrolimusOutcome dataHigh incidenceRetrospective evaluationA consensus conference to define the utility of advanced infectious disease diagnostics in solid organ transplant recipients
Azar MM, Turbett S, Gaston D, Gitman M, Razonable R, Koo S, Hanson K, Kotton C, Silveira F, Banach DB, Basu SS, Bhaskaran A, Danziger-Isakov L, Bard JD, Gandhi R, Hanisch B, John TM, John A, Letourneau AR, Luong M, Maron G, Miller S, Prinzi A, Schwartz I, Simner P, Kumar D, Group O. A consensus conference to define the utility of advanced infectious disease diagnostics in solid organ transplant recipients. American Journal Of Transplantation 2022, 22: 3150-3169. PMID: 35822346, DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17147.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsOrgan transplant recipientsTransplant recipientsConsensus conferenceSolid organ transplant recipientsInfectious diseasesSetting of transplantationInfectious disease diagnosticsTransplant infectious diseasesHigh-quality evidenceEvidence-based recommendationsMultiplex molecular assaysNext-generation sequencing assayDiagnostic stewardshipConsensus statementUnmet needMass spectrometry-based assayClinical useRecipientsClinical microbiologyMolecular assaysAmerican SocietyTransplantationFinancial barriersDiseaseSequencing assaysEvaluating clinical effectiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients: A propensity score matched analysis
Tucker M, Azar MM, Cohen E, Gan G, Deng Y, Palacios C, Malinis M. Evaluating clinical effectiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients: A propensity score matched analysis. Transplant Infectious Disease 2022, 24: e13876. PMID: 35684932, PMCID: PMC9348300, DOI: 10.1111/tid.13876.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSolid organ transplant recipientsSARS-CoV-2 infectionOrgan transplant recipientsCritical COVID-19Clinical effectivenessTransplant recipientsVaccine eraVaccinated solid organ transplant recipientsCOVID-19Propensity score-matched cohortSARS-CoV-2 vaccinationSevere coronavirus disease 2019Cause-specific Cox regression modelsCOVID-19-related mortalitySARS-CoV-2 vaccinesSARS-CoV-2 infection ratesCurrent vaccine recommendationsKey preventative strategiesPrimary vaccine seriesRetrospective cohort studyDoses of mRNACox regression modelCoronavirus disease 2019Poisson regression modelsVaccine seriesInto the unknown: Diagnosing mysterious brain lesions
Kassab I, Isada C, Azar MM, Sarsam N, Jiang M, Camelo‐Piragua S, Kaul D, Malinis M. Into the unknown: Diagnosing mysterious brain lesions. Transplant Infectious Disease 2022, 24: e13829. PMID: 35307917, DOI: 10.1111/tid.13829.Peer-Reviewed Case Reports and Technical NotesConceptsBrain abscessesImmune statusPancreas-kidney transplant recipientsCentral nervous system infectionBartonella henselaeMetagenomic next-generation sequencingCSF metagenomic next-generation sequencingMultiple brain abscessesVisceral organ involvementPatient's immune statusNervous system infectionCat-scratch diseaseTransplant recipientsOcular involvementOrgan involvementSystem infectionNeurological manifestationsCat bitesBrain lesionsDiagnostic approachNext-generation sequencingAbscessZoonotic pathogensClinicopathological conferenceHenselaeReal‐world experience with available, outpatient COVID‐19 therapies in solid organ transplant recipients during the omicron surge
Radcliffe C, Palacios CF, Azar MM, Cohen E, Malinis M. Real‐world experience with available, outpatient COVID‐19 therapies in solid organ transplant recipients during the omicron surge. American Journal Of Transplantation 2022, 22: 2458-2463. PMID: 35583664, PMCID: PMC9348251, DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17098.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSolid organ transplant recipientsOral antiviral agentsOrgan transplant recipientsOutpatient therapyTransplant recipientsAntiviral agentsCOVID-19-related morbidityMonoclonal antibodiesKidney transplant recipientsRate of hospitalizationCOVID-19 therapyReal-world effectivenessSARS-CoV-2 pandemicCOVID-19 diagnosisModerate diseaseRetrospective reviewMean ageOutpatient settingClinical trialsSubstantial burdenTherapyCoronavirus diseaseMean timeHealthcare systemReal-world experienceLaboratory Diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Christensen BB, Azar MM, Turbett SE. Laboratory Diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Infectious Disease Clinics Of North America 2022, 36: 327-347. PMID: 35636903, PMCID: PMC9141924, DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2022.02.002.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2 infectionClinical syndromeMolecular testingPatient's clinical syndromeReverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactionOptimal diagnostic testCOVID-19 infectionSymptom onsetAcute infectionAntigen testingSerologic testingAcute diagnosisPolymerase chain reactionLaboratory diagnosisDiagnostic testsInfectionChain reactionDiagnosisSyndromeTestingDematiaceous fungal infections in solid organ transplantation: Systematic review and Bayesian meta‐analysis
Radcliffe C, Radcliffe AJ, Azar MM, Grant M. Dematiaceous fungal infections in solid organ transplantation: Systematic review and Bayesian meta‐analysis. Transplant Infectious Disease 2022, 24: e13819. PMID: 35253959, DOI: 10.1111/tid.13819.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSolid organ transplant recipientsDematiaceous fungal infectionSoft tissue infectionsFungal infectionsInfectious syndromesSystematic reviewEarly post-transplant periodCentral nervous system infectionCommon infectious syndromesPost-transplant periodNervous system infectionOrgan transplant recipientsSolid organ transplantationEnglish-language reportsInfection typeKidney recipientsLiver recipientsPediatric reportsTransplant recipientsPulmonary infectionSystem infectionTissue infectionsWorse prognosisDisseminated infectionMean ageRectal screening for azole non‐susceptible Candida species in patients undergoing liver transplantation
Radcliffe C, Patel KK, Azar MM, Koff A, Belfield KD, Peaper DR, Topal JE, Malinis M. Rectal screening for azole non‐susceptible Candida species in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Transplant Infectious Disease 2022, 24: e13811. PMID: 35184347, DOI: 10.1111/tid.13811.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAppropriate antifungal prophylaxisAntifungal prophylaxisRisk factorsTransplant recipientsRectal swabsSolid organ transplant recipientsCommon invasive fungal infectionYale-New Haven HospitalDays of LTTime of LTLiver transplant recipientsOrgan transplant recipientsRetrospective chart reviewMore risk factorsMultiple risk factorsInvasive fungal infectionsNew Haven HospitalPrimary LTLiver transplantationAdult patientsChart reviewLT candidatesRectal screeningCandida infectionsMedian numberClinical effectiveness of additional primary SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine doses for solid organ transplant recipients
Radcliffe C, Azar MM, Cohen E, Tucker M, Grubaugh ND, Malinis M. Clinical effectiveness of additional primary SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine doses for solid organ transplant recipients. Clinical Transplantation 2022, 36: e14601. PMID: 35064939, DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14601.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersAn outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 on a transplant unit in the early vaccination era
Roberts SC, Palacios C, Grubaugh ND, Alpert T, Ott IM, Breban MI, Initiative Y, Martinello RA, Smith C, Davis MW, Mcmanus D, Tirmizi S, Topal JE, Azar MM, Malinis M. An outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 on a transplant unit in the early vaccination era. Transplant Infectious Disease 2022, 24: e13782. PMID: 34969164, DOI: 10.1111/tid.13782.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSARS-CoV-2Infection prevention practicesSARS-CoV-2 outbreakTransplant unitCOVID-19-associated morbiditySolid organ transplant recipientsSARS-CoV-2 vaccinationPrevention practicesHospital day 18Potential index casesOrgan transplant recipientsInfection prevention behaviorsMonoclonal antibody therapyCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2 clustersHospital staff membersWhole-genome sequencingAsymptomatic patientsTransplant recipientsPositive patientsAtypical presentationImmunocompromised patientsAntibody therapyVaccination eraDisease progression
2021
Longitudinal Immune Profiling of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection in a Solid Organ Transplant Recipient
Klein J, Brito AF, Trubin P, Lu P, Wong P, Alpert T, Peña-Hernández MA, Haynes W, Kamath K, Liu F, Vogels CBF, Fauver JR, Lucas C, Oh J, Mao T, Silva J, Wyllie AL, Muenker MC, Casanovas-Massana A, Moore AJ, Petrone ME, Kalinich CC, Dela Cruz C, Farhadian S, Ring A, Shon J, Ko AI, Grubaugh ND, Israelow B, Iwasaki A, Azar MM, Team F. Longitudinal Immune Profiling of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection in a Solid Organ Transplant Recipient. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2021, 225: 374-384. PMID: 34718647, PMCID: PMC8807168, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab553.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfectionLongitudinal immune profilingTransplant recipientsImmune profilingPrimary SARS-CoV-2 infectionCD4 T cell poolMale renal transplant recipientSolid organ transplant recipientsSARS-CoV-2 reinfectionSARS-CoV-2 antibodiesSARS-CoV-2 infectionWhole viral genome sequencingRenal transplant recipientsImmune escape mutationsOrgan transplant recipientsT cell poolTime of reinfectionCoronavirus disease 2019Lower neutralization titersHumoral memory responsesViral genome sequencingInitial diagnosisImmunologic deficiencyHumoral responseImmunologic investigations