2024
Causes of death and patterns of metastatic disease at the end of life for patients with advanced melanoma in the immunotherapy era
Lee D, McNamara M, Yang A, Yaskolko M, Kluger H, Tran T, Olino K, Clune J, Sznol M, Ishizuka J. Causes of death and patterns of metastatic disease at the end of life for patients with advanced melanoma in the immunotherapy era. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research 2024, 37: 847-853. PMID: 39073002, DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13188.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchSite of metastasisPattern of metastatic diseaseMelanoma mortalityRetrospective observational cohort studyCause of cancer mortalityDistant lymph nodesObservational cohort studyDiagnosis to deathImmunotherapy eraAdvanced melanomaMetastatic diagnosisMetastatic diseaseMetastatic melanomaImmunotherapy treatmentRespiratory failureCause of deathMedian timeLymph nodesTherapeutic advancesCohort studyMelanomaImmunotherapyMechanism of deathPatientsEnd of lifeCauses of death and patterns of metastatic disease at the end of life for patients with advanced melanoma in the immunotherapy era.
Lee D, Yang A, McNamara M, Kluger H, Tran T, Olino K, Clune J, Sznol M, Ishizuka J. Causes of death and patterns of metastatic disease at the end of life for patients with advanced melanoma in the immunotherapy era. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2024, 42: e21522-e21522. DOI: 10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e21522.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchImmune checkpoint inhibitorsYale Cancer CenterAdvanced melanomaMetastatic diseaseMetastatic melanomaRespiratory failureSite of metastatic diseasePattern of metastatic diseaseDied of respiratory failureAnti-CTLA4 treatmentRetrospective observational cohort studyAnti-PD1 therapyDistant lymph nodesPatients aged >Site of diseaseSurvival of patientsObservational cohort studyMulti-system involvementDiagnosis to deathImmunotherapy eraAnti-PD1Checkpoint inhibitorsInstitutional review boardMetastatic sitesMetastatic diagnosis
2020
Safety and efficacy of combination nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma: results from a North American expanded access program (CheckMate 218)
Hodi FS, Chapman PB, Sznol M, Lao CD, Gonzalez R, Smylie M, Daniels GA, Thompson JA, Kudchadkar R, Sharfman W, Atkins M, Spigel DR, Pavlick A, Monzon J, Kim KB, Ernst S, Khushalani NI, van Dijck W, Lobo M, Hogg D. Safety and efficacy of combination nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma: results from a North American expanded access program (CheckMate 218). Melanoma Research 2020, 31: 67-75. PMID: 33234846, PMCID: PMC7757740, DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000708.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAdvanced melanomaEastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance statusUnresectable stage III/IV melanomaStage III/IV melanomaTreatment-related adverse eventsElevated lactate dehydrogenase levelBRAF wild-type tumorsOverall survival dataRandomized clinical trialsLactate dehydrogenase levelsAccess programBRAF-mutant tumorsRelevant patient subgroupsWild-type tumorsCombination nivolumabEligible patientsOS ratesCheckpoint inhibitorsTreatment discontinuationAdverse eventsPerformance statusUnacceptable toxicityMucosal melanomaPatient subgroupsClinical trialsTebentafusp, A TCR/Anti-CD3 Bispecific Fusion Protein Targeting gp100, Potently Activated Antitumor Immune Responses in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
Middleton MR, McAlpine C, Woodcock VK, Corrie P, Infante JR, Steven NM, Evans TRJ, Anthoney A, Shoushtari AN, Hamid O, Gupta A, Vardeu A, Leach E, Naidoo R, Stanhope S, Lewis S, Hurst J, O’Kelly I, Sznol M. Tebentafusp, A TCR/Anti-CD3 Bispecific Fusion Protein Targeting gp100, Potently Activated Antitumor Immune Responses in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma. Clinical Cancer Research 2020, 26: 5869-5878. PMID: 32816891, PMCID: PMC9210997, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1247.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAtaxia Telangiectasia Mutated ProteinsCD3 ComplexCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCell ProliferationChemokine CXCL10Cytotoxicity, ImmunologicDisease-Free SurvivalFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticGp100 Melanoma AntigenHumansImmunityInterferon-gammaMaleMelanomaMiddle AgedNeoplasm ProteinsReceptors, Antigen, T-CellReceptors, CXCR3Recombinant Fusion ProteinsTumor MicroenvironmentConceptsT cellsBispecific fusion proteinMetastatic melanomaT cell receptorSerum CXCL10Multicenter phase I/II trialPhase I/II trialTreatment-related adverse eventsHigh-affinity T-cell receptorsAppearance of rashMetastatic cutaneous melanomaAntitumor immune responseOverall survival rateMetastatic uveal melanomaCytotoxic T cellsPathway-related markersTumor biopsy samplesMechanism of actionII trialAdverse eventsAdvanced melanomaBroad therapeutic potentialPatient survivalPatient cohortCutaneous melanomaBempegaldesleukin plus nivolumab in untreated, unresectable or metastatic melanoma: Phase III PIVOT IO 001 study design
Khushalani NI, Diab A, Ascierto PA, Larkin J, Sandhu S, Sznol M, Koon HB, Jarkowski A, Zhou M, Statkevich P, Geese WJ, Long GV. Bempegaldesleukin plus nivolumab in untreated, unresectable or metastatic melanoma: Phase III PIVOT IO 001 study design. Future Oncology 2020, 16: 2165-2175. PMID: 32723187, DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0351.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMetastatic melanomaKey secondary end pointEnd pointSafety/tolerabilityObjective response ratePD-1 inhibitorsPrimary end pointSecondary end pointsFirst-line therapyProgression-free survivalNatural killer cellsOverall survivalSurvival benefitAdvanced melanomaKiller cellsClinical trialsEffector TClinical activityNivolumabBempegaldesleukinResponse rateMelanomaPathway agonistStudy designPhase III
2019
Five-Year Survival and Correlates Among Patients With Advanced Melanoma, Renal Cell Carcinoma, or Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Nivolumab
Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Brahmer JR, Gettinger SN, Smith DC, McDermott DF, Powderly JD, Sosman JA, Atkins MB, Leming PD, Spigel DR, Antonia SJ, Drilon A, Wolchok JD, Carvajal RD, McHenry MB, Hosein F, Harbison CT, Grosso JF, Sznol M. Five-Year Survival and Correlates Among Patients With Advanced Melanoma, Renal Cell Carcinoma, or Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Nivolumab. JAMA Oncology 2019, 5: 1411-1420. PMID: 31343665, PMCID: PMC6659167, DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2187.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchNon-small cell lung cancerRenal cell carcinomaLong-term survivalTreatment-related AEsOverall survivalCell lung cancerAdvanced melanomaCell carcinomaLung cancerEastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance statusFuture clinical trial developmentLong-term overall survivalActivity of nivolumabSubsequent protocol amendmentUnacceptable toxic effectsFive-year survivalOverall survival curvesPresence of liverCell death 1Clinical trial developmentUS medical centersNivolumab treatmentPerformance statusProgressive diseaseBone metastasesTreatment-Free Survival: A Novel Outcome Measure of the Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition—A Pooled Analysis of Patients With Advanced Melanoma
Regan MM, Werner L, Rao S, Gupte-Singh K, Hodi FS, Kirkwood JM, Kluger HM, Larkin J, Postow MA, Ritchings C, Sznol M, Tarhini AA, Wolchok JD, Atkins MB, McDermott DF. Treatment-Free Survival: A Novel Outcome Measure of the Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition—A Pooled Analysis of Patients With Advanced Melanoma. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2019, 37: 3350-3358. PMID: 31498030, PMCID: PMC6901280, DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.00345.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTreatment-related adverse eventsTreatment-free survivalHigher treatment-related adverse eventsKaplan-Meier curvesTherapy initiationAdvanced melanomaICI therapyEnd pointGrade 3Outcome measuresLonger treatment-free survivalImmuno-oncology agentsSystemic therapy initiationThird end pointTreatment-free timeImmune checkpoint inhibitionSurvival end pointsEvent end pointsNovel outcome measuresCheckMate 067ICI cessationAdverse eventsTherapy cessationCheckpoint inhibitionPooled analysis
2017
Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Patients With Advanced Melanoma: Updated Survival, Response, and Safety Data in a Phase I Dose-Escalation Study
Callahan MK, Kluger H, Postow MA, Segal NH, Lesokhin A, Atkins MB, Kirkwood JM, Krishnan S, Bhore R, Horak C, Wolchok JD, Sznol M. Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Patients With Advanced Melanoma: Updated Survival, Response, and Safety Data in a Phase I Dose-Escalation Study. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2017, 36: jco.2017.72.285. PMID: 29040030, PMCID: PMC5946731, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.72.2850.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPhase I dose-escalation studyTreatment-related adverse eventsI dose-escalation studyDose-escalation studyAdvanced melanomaOverall survivalAdverse eventsOS ratesClinical activityGrade 3Common grade 3Doses of nivolumabDurable clinical activityModified WHO criteriaNivolumab Plus IpilimumabTreatment-related deathsUntreated advanced melanomaImmune checkpoint inhibitorsMedian overall survivalObjective response rateLong-term followSubsequent clinical developmentConcurrent nivolumabCheckpoint inhibitorsExpansion cohortPooled Analysis Safety Profile of Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Combination Therapy in Patients With Advanced Melanoma
Sznol M, Ferrucci PF, Hogg D, Atkins MB, Wolter P, Guidoboni M, Lebbé C, Kirkwood JM, Schachter J, Daniels GA, Hassel J, Cebon J, Gerritsen W, Atkinson V, Thomas L, McCaffrey J, Power D, Walker D, Bhore R, Jiang J, Hodi FS, Wolchok JD. Pooled Analysis Safety Profile of Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Combination Therapy in Patients With Advanced Melanoma. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2017, 35: jco.2016.72.116. PMID: 28915085, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.72.1167.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAntibodies, MonoclonalClinical Trials, Phase I as TopicClinical Trials, Phase II as TopicClinical Trials, Phase III as TopicDisease-Free SurvivalDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug Administration ScheduleDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansIpilimumabMaleMaximum Tolerated DoseMelanomaMiddle AgedNeoplasm InvasivenessNeoplasm StagingNivolumabPatient SafetyPrognosisRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRetrospective StudiesSkin NeoplasmsSurvival AnalysisConceptsTreatment-related adverse eventsTreatment-related select adverse eventsSelect adverse eventsAdverse eventsImmune-modulating agentsAdvanced melanomaMedian timeSafety profileResolution rateGrade 3/4 treatment-related adverse eventsTreatment-related grade 3/4 adverse eventsGrade 3/4 adverse eventsDose of nivolumabIpilimumab combination therapyProgression-free survivalEndocrine adverse eventsAddition of nivolumabGrade 3/4AE managementMedian durationUnacceptable toxicityAntitumor responseCombination therapyStudy deathsDisease progressionOverall Survival in Patients With Advanced Melanoma Who Received Nivolumab Versus Investigator’s Choice Chemotherapy in CheckMate 037: A Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label Phase III Trial
Larkin J, Minor D, D'Angelo S, Neyns B, Smylie M, Miller WH, Gutzmer R, Linette G, Chmielowski B, Lao CD, Lorigan P, Grossmann K, Hassel JC, Sznol M, Daud A, Sosman J, Khushalani N, Schadendorf D, Hoeller C, Walker D, Kong G, Horak C, Weber J. Overall Survival in Patients With Advanced Melanoma Who Received Nivolumab Versus Investigator’s Choice Chemotherapy in CheckMate 037: A Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label Phase III Trial. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2017, 36: jco.2016.71.802. PMID: 28671856, PMCID: PMC6804912, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.71.8023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdministration, IntravenousAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsCarboplatinDacarbazineDisease ProgressionDrug Administration ScheduleFemaleHumansMaleMelanomaMiddle AgedNivolumabPaclitaxelProgression-Free SurvivalSkin NeoplasmsTime FactorsYoung AdultConceptsInvestigator-choice chemotherapyAdvanced melanomaAnti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) agentsOpen-label phase III trialMedian progression-free survivalResults Two hundred seventyTreatment-related adverse eventsIpilimumab-refractory patientsNivolumab-treated patientsPhase III trialsProgression-free survivalProportion of patientsPoor prognostic factorOverall response rateLactate dehydrogenase levelsSurvival end pointsConclusion NivolumabMedian OSNivolumab groupBrain metastasesChemotherapy regimensUnacceptable toxicityAdverse eventsDurable responsesIII trialsChallenges in Conducting Clinical Research on Patients With Advanced Melanoma
Sznol M. Challenges in Conducting Clinical Research on Patients With Advanced Melanoma. The Cancer Journal 2017, 23: 75-78. PMID: 28114259, DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000239.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsImmune therapyClinical researchFirst-line doubletPredictive clinical variablesSecond-line settingFirst-line therapyPool of patientsSignal of activityTreatment of melanomaSuboptimal responseAdvanced melanomaCare therapyInvestigational therapiesClinical variablesMultidrug regimensMultidrug combinationsPredictive biomarkersClinical studiesLower incidenceTissue biomarkersNew agentsNew treatmentsTherapyLarger studyMelanoma
2016
Safety Profile of Nivolumab Monotherapy: A Pooled Analysis of Patients With Advanced Melanoma
Weber JS, Hodi FS, Wolchok JD, Topalian SL, Schadendorf D, Larkin J, Sznol M, Long GV, Li H, Waxman IM, Jiang J, Robert C. Safety Profile of Nivolumab Monotherapy: A Pooled Analysis of Patients With Advanced Melanoma. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2016, 35: jco.2015.66.138. PMID: 28068177, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.66.1389.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTreatment-related adverse eventsSelect adverse eventsObjective response rateImmune-modulating agentsTreatment-related select adverse eventsAdverse eventsNivolumab monotherapyAdvanced melanomaSafety profileGrade 3Grade treatment-related adverse eventsProgression-free survival benefitHigher objective response rateRenal adverse eventsPhase III trialsDrug-related deathsNumber of dosesIII trialsSurvival benefitMedian timePooled analysisSafety guidelinesRetrospective analysisSafety dataPatients
2015
Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma who progressed after anti-CTLA-4 treatment (CheckMate 037): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial
Weber JS, D'Angelo SP, Minor D, Hodi FS, Gutzmer R, Neyns B, Hoeller C, Khushalani NI, Miller WH, Lao CD, Linette GP, Thomas L, Lorigan P, Grossmann KF, Hassel JC, Maio M, Sznol M, Ascierto PA, Mohr P, Chmielowski B, Bryce A, Svane IM, Grob JJ, Krackhardt AM, Horak C, Lambert A, Yang AS, Larkin J. Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma who progressed after anti-CTLA-4 treatment (CheckMate 037): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. The Lancet Oncology 2015, 16: 375-384. PMID: 25795410, DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)70076-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntibodies, MonoclonalAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsCarboplatinCTLA-4 AntigenDisease-Free SurvivalDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsFemaleHumansIpilimumabMaleMelanomaMiddle AgedNeoplasm StagingNivolumabPaclitaxelProto-Oncogene Proteins B-rafConceptsPhase 3 trialObjective responseAdvanced melanomaBRAF inhibitorsPrimary endpointAdverse eventsGrade 3Human IgG4 PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodyDrug-related serious adverse eventsICC groupImmune checkpoint inhibitor antibodyCheckpoint inhibitor antibodyDurable objective responsesLater-line treatmentNivolumab-treated patientsSafety of nivolumabTreatment-related deathsUnacceptable toxic effectsSerious adverse eventsProportion of patientsFirst interim analysisNew treatment optionsBest overall responseDose of treatmentHigh unmet need
2014
Phase I/II Study of the Antibody-Drug Conjugate Glembatumumab Vedotin in Patients With Advanced Melanoma
Ott PA, Hamid O, Pavlick AC, Kluger H, Kim KB, Boasberg PD, Simantov R, Crowley E, Green JA, Hawthorne T, Davis TA, Sznol M, Hwu P. Phase I/II Study of the Antibody-Drug Conjugate Glembatumumab Vedotin in Patients With Advanced Melanoma. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2014, 32: 3659-3666. PMID: 25267741, PMCID: PMC4879709, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.54.8115.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMaximum-tolerated doseObjective response rateGreater objective response rateGlembatumumab vedotinAdvanced melanomaGrade 3/4 treatment-related toxicitiesHuman immunoglobulin G2 monoclonal antibodyPhase I/II studyPhase II expansion cohortPromising objective response ratesEnd pointTreatment-related deathsPrimary end pointSecondary end pointsTreatment-related toxicityProgression-free survivalPhase II expansionMonomethyl auristatin E.Stable diseaseExpansion cohortII studyPartial responseDose escalationMore patientsFrequent dosingSurvival, Durable Tumor Remission, and Long-Term Safety in Patients With Advanced Melanoma Receiving Nivolumab
Topalian SL, Sznol M, McDermott DF, Kluger HM, Carvajal RD, Sharfman WH, Brahmer JR, Lawrence DP, Atkins MB, Powderly JD, Leming PD, Lipson EJ, Puzanov I, Smith DC, Taube JM, Wigginton JM, Kollia GD, Gupta A, Pardoll DM, Sosman JA, Hodi FS. Survival, Durable Tumor Remission, and Long-Term Safety in Patients With Advanced Melanoma Receiving Nivolumab. Journal Of Clinical Oncology 2014, 32: 1020-1030. PMID: 24590637, PMCID: PMC4811023, DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.53.0105.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLong-term safetyOverall survivalToxicity ratesTumor regressionResponse durationOngoing randomized clinical trialsDurable tumor remissionNivolumab-treated patientsMedian overall survivalMedian response durationPD-1 blockadeObjective tumor regressionMaintenance of responseCell death 1Randomized clinical trialsSimilar patient populationsActivated T cellsDrug discontinuationIntravenous nivolumabNivolumab therapyNivolumab treatmentTreatment discontinuationObjective responseAdvanced melanomaDeath-1
2013
Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma
Wolchok JD, Kluger H, Callahan MK, Postow MA, Rizvi NA, Lesokhin AM, Segal NH, Ariyan CE, Gordon RA, Reed K, Burke MM, Caldwell A, Kronenberg SA, Agunwamba BU, Zhang X, Lowy I, Inzunza HD, Feely W, Horak CE, Hong Q, Korman AJ, Wigginton JM, Gupta A, Sznol M. Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma. New England Journal Of Medicine 2013, 369: 122-133. PMID: 23724867, PMCID: PMC5698004, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1302369.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsObjective response ratePhase 1 trialAdverse eventsConcurrent therapyAdvanced melanomaTumor regressionClinical activityGrade 3Distinct immunologic mechanismsManageable safety profileProlongs overall survivalDurable tumor regressionSupportive preclinical dataRegimen groupImmunologic mechanismsObjective responseOverall survivalIntravenous dosesSafety profileTumor reductionPreclinical dataIpilimumabNivolumabPatientsMaximum doses
2012
Safety, Activity, and Immune Correlates of Anti–PD-1 Antibody in Cancer
Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Brahmer JR, Gettinger SN, Smith DC, McDermott DF, Powderly JD, Carvajal RD, Sosman JA, Atkins MB, Leming PD, Spigel DR, Antonia SJ, Horn L, Drake CG, Pardoll DM, Chen L, Sharfman WH, Anders RA, Taube JM, McMiller TL, Xu H, Korman AJ, Jure-Kunkel M, Agrawal S, McDonald D, Kollia GD, Gupta A, Wigginton JM, Sznol M. Safety, Activity, and Immune Correlates of Anti–PD-1 Antibody in Cancer. New England Journal Of Medicine 2012, 366: 2443-2454. PMID: 22658127, PMCID: PMC3544539, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1200690.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAnti-PD-1 antibodyCell lung cancerRenal cell cancerObjective responseLung cancerAdverse eventsPD-L1Drug-related adverse eventsPD-1 ligand expressionCastration-resistant prostate cancerImmune-related causesPretreatment tumor specimensAdverse event profilePD-L1 expressionPD-1-PDCumulative response rateBMS-936558Immune correlatesL1 pathwayAdvanced melanomaComplete responseDeath-1PD-1Negative tumorsPositive tumorsIpilimumab in patients with melanoma and brain metastases: an open-label, phase 2 trial
Margolin K, Ernstoff MS, Hamid O, Lawrence D, McDermott D, Puzanov I, Wolchok JD, Clark JI, Sznol M, Logan TF, Richards J, Michener T, Balogh A, Heller KN, Hodi FS. Ipilimumab in patients with melanoma and brain metastases: an open-label, phase 2 trial. The Lancet Oncology 2012, 13: 459-465. PMID: 22456429, DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(12)70090-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBrain metastasesCohort ACohort BSerum aspartate aminotransferaseDisease controlIntravenous ipilimumabAdverse eventsAdvanced melanomaCohort B.Common grade 3 adverse eventsAspartate aminotransferaseGrade 3 adverse eventsCommon grade 3Drug-related complicationsPhase 2 trialProportion of patientsUnexpected toxic effectsBristol-Myers SquibbStable diseaseCorticosteroid treatmentPrimary endpointStable dosePartial responseWeek 24Complete response
2010
A phase 2 trial of dasatinib in advanced melanoma
Kluger HM, Dudek AZ, McCann C, Ritacco J, Southard N, Jilaveanu LB, Molinaro A, Sznol M. A phase 2 trial of dasatinib in advanced melanoma. Cancer 2010, 117: 2202-2208. PMID: 21523734, PMCID: PMC3116034, DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25766.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsProgression-free survivalC-kit mutationsPhase 2 trialResponse ratePartial responseMedian progression-free survivalMelanoma cell proliferationDaily dasatinibMucosal primaryPFS ratesStarting dosageCommon toxicitiesUnresectable melanomaAdvanced melanomaPleural effusionMelanoma patientsPredictive biomarkersMinor responseCombination trialsTumor assessmentDose reductionPatientsPrespecified endpointsDasatinibMelanomaMelanoma: A model for testing new agents in combination therapies
Ascierto PA, Streicher HZ, Sznol M. Melanoma: A model for testing new agents in combination therapies. Journal Of Translational Medicine 2010, 8: 38. PMID: 20406483, PMCID: PMC2873374, DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-8-38.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsC-Kit inhibitorsAdvanced melanomaImmune modulatorsIntroduction of interferonNew single agentsMulti-modality treatmentReliable predictive biomarkersSelection of patientsAdoptive cellular therapyAnti-angiogenesis agentsValidation of PatientAdditional molecular targetsImmunologic modulatorsAdvanced diseaseCombination therapyPredictive biomarkersIL-2High success rateIndividual patientsNew agentsSmall molecule inhibitorsPatientsSingle agentResponse rateAnticancer modalities