The tumour microenvironment and immune milieu of cholangiocarcinoma
Fabris L, Perugorria M, Mertens J, Björkström NK, Cramer T, Lleo A, Solinas A, Sänger H, Lukacs‐Kornek V, Moncsek A, Siebenhüner A, Strazzabosco M. The tumour microenvironment and immune milieu of cholangiocarcinoma. Liver International 2019, 39: 63-78. PMID: 30907492, PMCID: PMC10878127, DOI: 10.1111/liv.14098.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTumor microenvironmentAbundant desmoplastic reactionCancer-associated fibroblastsHigh mortality rateTumor-promoting functionsEpithelial cancer cellsImmune milieuImmune cellsPancreatic cancerEffective therapyDesmoplastic reactionMortality rateCholangiocarcinomaInvasive abilityTherapeutic gainStromal cellsTumor cellsEndothelial cellsEpithelial counterpartsCancer cellsIntrahepatic variantCellular populationsMicroenvironmentCellsRecent studies