Prenatal Stress and Neurodevelopment of the Child: Focus on the HPA Axis and Role of the Placenta
O’Donnell K, O’Connor T, Glover V. Prenatal Stress and Neurodevelopment of the Child: Focus on the HPA Axis and Role of the Placenta. Developmental Neuroscience 2009, 31: 285-292. PMID: 19546565, DOI: 10.1159/000216539.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsHPA axisMaternal stressPrenatal stressAnimal studiesMaternal HPA axisAdverse neurodevelopmental outcomesRecent human studiesPartner relationship problemsNeurodevelopmental outcomesFetal exposureFetal neurodevelopmentMaternal cortisolHuman studiesPrenatal stressorsPlacentaBehavioral problemsMaternal environmentCortisolNeurodevelopmentChildrenRelationship problemsAnxietySimilar mechanismPregnancyMixed results