2023
The early days of ex vivo 1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance in the laboratory of Dr. Robert G. Shulman from 1975 to 1995
Rothman D, Behar K, Petroff O, Shulman R. The early days of ex vivo 1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance in the laboratory of Dr. Robert G. Shulman from 1975 to 1995. NMR In Biomedicine 2023, 36: e4879. PMID: 36424353, DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4879.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsHumansLaboratoriesMagnetic Resonance ImagingMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMammals
2008
Glial pathology in an animal model of depression: reversal of stress-induced cellular, metabolic and behavioral deficits by the glutamate-modulating drug riluzole
Banasr M, Chowdhury GM, Terwilliger R, Newton SS, Duman RS, Behar KL, Sanacora G. Glial pathology in an animal model of depression: reversal of stress-induced cellular, metabolic and behavioral deficits by the glutamate-modulating drug riluzole. Molecular Psychiatry 2008, 15: 501-511. PMID: 18825147, PMCID: PMC3347761, DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.106.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcetatesAnimalsAvoidance LearningBehavioral SymptomsDepressionDisease Models, AnimalFood PreferencesGene Expression RegulationGlial Fibrillary Acidic ProteinGlutamic AcidIsotopesMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMaleNeurogliaNeuroprotective AgentsPrefrontal CortexRadionuclide ImagingRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRiluzoleRNA, MessengerStatistics, NonparametricStress, PsychologicalSucroseSweetening AgentsConceptsChronic unpredictable stressPrefrontal cortexGlial dysfunctionGlial functionBehavioral deficitsDrug riluzoleOpen-label clinical trialMRNA expressionAmino acid neurotransmissionAntidepressant drug developmentDepressive-like behaviorPathophysiology of depressionEffects of riluzoleGlial cell metabolismMajor depressive disorderRat prefrontal cortexGFAP mRNA expressionProtein mRNA expressionNeurotransmitter system abnormalitiesGlia pathologyGlial pathologyRiluzole treatmentAntidepressant actionChronic treatmentGlutamate release
2007
Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neurotransmitter Cycling and Energy Metabolism in Rat Cerebral Cortex during Postnatal Development
Chowdhury G, Patel AB, Mason GF, Rothman DL, Behar KL. Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neurotransmitter Cycling and Energy Metabolism in Rat Cerebral Cortex during Postnatal Development. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 2007, 27: 1895-1907. PMID: 17440492, DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600490.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcetatesAlgorithmsAmino AcidsAnimalsBlood GlucoseBrain ChemistryCerebral CortexCitric Acid CycleData Interpretation, StatisticalEnergy MetabolismGamma-Aminobutyric AcidGlucoseGlutamic AcidKineticsMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMaleNeurogliaNeuronsNeurotransmitter AgentsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyConceptsNeurotransmitter cyclingThree-compartment metabolic modelEnergy metabolismRat cerebral cortexUrethane-anesthetized ratsPostnatal day 10Gamma-aminobutyric acidGABA neuronsTCA cycle fluxCerebral cortexAdult cortexPostnatal developmentDay 10Oxidative energy metabolismCycle fluxIndividual neuronsAcid levelsContribution of glutamatergicGrowth spurtNeuronsTricarboxylic acid cycle fluxAmino acid levelsTotal cyclingTime courseCortexAltered cerebral glucose and acetate metabolism in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase‐deficient mice: evidence for glial dysfunction and reduced glutamate/glutamine cycling
Chowdhury GM, Gupta M, Gibson KM, Patel AB, Behar KL. Altered cerebral glucose and acetate metabolism in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase‐deficient mice: evidence for glial dysfunction and reduced glutamate/glutamine cycling. Journal Of Neurochemistry 2007, 103: 2077-2091. PMID: 17854388, DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04887.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcetatesAmino AcidsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornBlood GlucoseCarbon IsotopesCerebral CortexGamma-Aminobutyric AcidGlutamate-Ammonia LigaseGlutamic AcidGlutamineImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMiceMice, KnockoutNeurogliaSodium OxybateSuccinate-Semialdehyde DehydrogenaseTime FactorsConceptsSSADH deficiencyLevels of GABAGlutamate/glutamine cyclingSuccinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase‐deficient miceGlutamine-C4Cerebral metabolismCerebral glucoseCortical extractsGlial dysfunctionIntraperitoneal infusionSuccinic semialdehyde dehydrogenaseGABA-C2Excessive elevationNeurotransmitter glutamateGABA synthesisGABAMiceGHBGlutamateGlutamine metabolismAspartate C3GliaCortexGlutamine cyclingGlial substrate
2006
Neuronal–Glial Glucose Oxidation and Glutamatergic–GABAergic Function
Hyder F, Patel AB, Gjedde A, Rothman DL, Behar KL, Shulman RG. Neuronal–Glial Glucose Oxidation and Glutamatergic–GABAergic Function. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 2006, 26: 865-877. PMID: 16407855, DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600263.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsGamma-Aminobutyric AcidGlucoseGlutamic AcidHumansMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyModels, BiologicalNeurogliaOxidation-ReductionSensitivity and SpecificityConceptsGamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) neuronsNeuronal glucose oxidationGlutamate-glutamine cyclingRelease of lactateGlucose oxidationNeuronal oxidationGlial uptakeGABAergic neuronsGlutamate uptakeGliaNeuronsGlycolytic ATPLactateGlucoseTotal glucoseVivo rateIsoelectricityCulture studiesATPNeurotransmittersUptakeEvidence that GAD65 mediates increased GABA synthesis during intense neuronal activity in vivo
Patel AB, de Graaf RA, Martin DL, Battaglioli G, Behar KL. Evidence that GAD65 mediates increased GABA synthesis during intense neuronal activity in vivo. Journal Of Neurochemistry 2006, 97: 385-396. PMID: 16539672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03741.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords4-Aminobutyrate TransaminaseAnimalsAnticonvulsantsBicucullineBlotting, WesternDose-Response Relationship, DrugGABA AntagonistsGamma-Aminobutyric AcidGlutamate DecarboxylaseIsoenzymesMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMaleProtein IsoformsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySeizuresTime FactorsVigabatrin
2001
Quantitative functional imaging of the brain: towards mapping neuronal activity by BOLD fMRI
Hyder F, Kida I, Behar K, Kennan R, Maciejewski P, Rothman D. Quantitative functional imaging of the brain: towards mapping neuronal activity by BOLD fMRI. NMR In Biomedicine 2001, 14: 413-431. PMID: 11746934, DOI: 10.1002/nbm.733.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBrainCerebrovascular CirculationEnergy MetabolismMagnetic Resonance ImagingMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMaleOxygenOxygen ConsumptionRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyConceptsMagnetic resonance imagingNeuronal activityBOLD functional MRIFunctional MRICerebral cortexPharmacological treatmentGlutamate release inhibitorNeuronal glucose oxidationRat cerebral cortexRelease of glutamateRat forepaw stimulation modelFMRI signalsFunctional magnetic resonance imagingQuantitative magnetic resonance imagingBlood oxygenation levelBOLD fMRI studiesEnergy metabolismBOLD fMRI signalMulti-modal magnetic resonance imagingGlutamatergic neuronsRelease inhibitorChannel blockersRat brainOxygen deliveryNeurochemical basisGlutamine is the major precursor for GABA synthesis in rat neocortex in vivo following acute GABA-transaminase inhibition
Patel A, Rothman D, Cline G, Behar K. Glutamine is the major precursor for GABA synthesis in rat neocortex in vivo following acute GABA-transaminase inhibition. Brain Research 2001, 919: 207-220. PMID: 11701133, DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03015-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchIn Vivo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Glutamate-γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Glutamine Cycling in Rodent and Human Cortex: the Central Role of Glutamine
Behar K, Rothman D. In Vivo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Glutamate-γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Glutamine Cycling in Rodent and Human Cortex: the Central Role of Glutamine. Journal Of Nutrition 2001, 131: 2498s-2504s. PMID: 11533301, DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.9.2498s.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsGamma-aminobutyric acidGlutamate-GABACortical glucose utilizationCortical electrical activityNet glutamine synthesisCerebral cortexInhibitory neurotransmitterMajor excitatoryBrain glutamateGlutamine synthesisNeurotransmitter glutamateRodent cortexGlucose utilizationHuman cortexGlutamine cycleElectrical activityCortexCentral roleGlutamine cyclingCommon mechanismGlucose oxidationGlutamateVivo nuclear magnetic resonance studiesRodentsGlutamineIn vivo13C NMR measurement of neurotransmitter glutamate cycling, anaplerosis and TCA cycle flux in rat brain during [2‐13C]glucose infusion
Sibson N, Mason G, Shen J, Cline G, Herskovits A, Wall J, Behar K, Rothman D, Shulman R. In vivo13C NMR measurement of neurotransmitter glutamate cycling, anaplerosis and TCA cycle flux in rat brain during [2‐13C]glucose infusion. Journal Of Neurochemistry 2001, 76: 975-989. PMID: 11181817, DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00074.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGlutamate/glutamine cyclingCerebral cortexAstrocytic tricarboxylic acid cycleGlutamine cyclingRat cerebral cortexGlutamine synthesisDe novo glutamine synthesisAnesthetized ratsRat brainNeurotransmitter glutamateHyperammonemic conditionsGlutamate cyclingInfusionGlutamate precursorCortexBrainTCA cycle fluxAnaplerosisMajor metabolic fluxTricarboxylic acid cycleCycle flux
2000
Dependence of Oxygen Delivery on Blood Flow in Rat Brain: A 7 Tesla Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study
Hyder F, Kennan R, Kida I, Mason G, Behar K, Rothman D. Dependence of Oxygen Delivery on Blood Flow in Rat Brain: A 7 Tesla Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 2000, 20: 485-498. PMID: 10724113, DOI: 10.1097/00004647-200003000-00007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBiological AvailabilityBrainCerebrovascular CirculationGlucoseMagnetic Resonance ImagingMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyModels, CardiovascularModels, NeurologicalOxygenRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyConceptsMagnetic resonance imagingCapillary bedOxygen deliveryML xCerebral oxygen deliveryNicotine hydrogen tartrateRespective control conditionsValues of CBFMorphine anesthesiaSensorimotor cortexForepaw stimulationSodium pentobarbitalRat brainBlood flowCMRO2Mature ratsCortical activityResonance imagingBasal conditionsPercentage changeRatsAdministrationCBF
1999
In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of the relationship between the glutamate--glutamine neurotransmitter cycle and functional neuroenergetics
Rothman D, Sibson N, Hyder F, Shen J, Behar K, Shulman R. In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of the relationship between the glutamate--glutamine neurotransmitter cycle and functional neuroenergetics. Philosophical Transactions Of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences 1999, 354: 1165-1177. PMID: 10466144, PMCID: PMC1692640, DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1999.0472.Peer-Reviewed Reviews, Practice Guidelines, Standards, and Consensus StatementsConceptsGlutamate-glutamine cycleNerve terminalsNeurotransmitter cycleGlucose metabolismBlood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imagingLevel-dependent magnetic resonance imagingBrain glucose oxidationCortical glucose metabolismMagnetic resonance spectroscopy studyCortex of ratsMagnetic resonance imagingFunctional imaging studiesSpecific neuronal activityOxidative glucose metabolismGlial cellsNeuronal activityResonance imagingImaging studiesHuman cortexBrain functionBrain activityRatsCortexGlucose oxidationGlutamateDetermination of the rate of the glutamate/glutamine cycle in the human brain by in vivo 13C NMR
Shen J, Petersen K, Behar K, Brown P, Nixon T, Mason G, Petroff O, Shulman G, Shulman R, Rothman D. Determination of the rate of the glutamate/glutamine cycle in the human brain by in vivo 13C NMR. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1999, 96: 8235-8240. PMID: 10393978, PMCID: PMC22218, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.14.8235.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGlutamate/glutamine cycleGlutamine cycleCerebral cortexMin/Rat cerebral cortexVivo 13C NMR spectraGlucose oxidation ratesHuman brainGlucose oxidationGlutamatergic activityRat modelTricarboxylic acid cycle rateParietal lobeHuman cortexCortexTime courseBrainGlutamine synthesisMajor metabolic fluxCycle rateTricarboxylic acid cycleHigh levelsInfusionRatsAcid cycleNew NMR measurements in epilepsy. Measuring brain GABA in patients with complex partial seizures.
Petroff O, Behar K, Rothman D. New NMR measurements in epilepsy. Measuring brain GABA in patients with complex partial seizures. Advances In Neurology 1999, 79: 939-45. PMID: 10514877.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1998
Vigabatrin increases human brain homocarnosine and improves seizure control
Petroff O, Mattson R, Behar K, Hyder F, Rothman D. Vigabatrin increases human brain homocarnosine and improves seizure control. Annals Of Neurology 1998, 44: 948-952. PMID: 9851440, DOI: 10.1002/ana.410440614.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGamma-aminobutyric acidSeizure controlGABA concentrationAddition of vigabatrinLow-dose vigabatrinImproved seizure controlMean GABA concentrationAntiepileptic drug vigabatrinInhibitory neuromodulatorDaily doseGABAergic neuronsGABA levelsLarge dosesHomocarnosine concentrationsVigabatrinDrug vigabatrinHomocarnosinePatientsHuman brainMagnetic resonance spectroscopyControlNeuromodulatorsNeuronsDoseDosesFunctional Energy Metabolism:In vivo 13C-NMR Spectroscopy Evidence for Coupling of Cerebral Glucose Consumption and Gl utamatergic Neuronal Activity
Sibson N, Shen J, Mason G, Rothman D, Behar K, Shulman R. Functional Energy Metabolism:In vivo 13C-NMR Spectroscopy Evidence for Coupling of Cerebral Glucose Consumption and Gl utamatergic Neuronal Activity. Developmental Neuroscience 1998, 20: 321-330. PMID: 9778568, DOI: 10.1159/000017327.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBrainCarbon IsotopesEnergy MetabolismGlucoseGlutamic AcidGlutamineGlycolysisHumansMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyModels, BiologicalNeuronsOxidation-ReductionConceptsRat brain cortexGlucose metabolismBrain cortexNeurotransmitter cyclingTotal glucose oxidationGlutamatergic synaptic activityCerebral glucose consumptionCerebral glucose metabolismFunctional activityFunctional imaging methodsGlucose oxidationOxidative glucose metabolismGlutamate neurotransmitter cyclingSynaptic activityNeuronal activityMild anesthesiaGlutamine synthesisMammalian brainNeurotransmitter releaseGlutamate cyclingEEG activityAmmonia metabolismNeurophysiological basisDetoxification componentsVivo results15N-NMR Spectroscopy Studies of Ammonia Transport and Glutamine Synthesis in the Hyperammonemic Rat Brain
Shen J, Sibson N, Cline G, Behar K, Rothman D, Shulman R. 15N-NMR Spectroscopy Studies of Ammonia Transport and Glutamine Synthesis in the Hyperammonemic Rat Brain. Developmental Neuroscience 1998, 20: 434-443. PMID: 9778582, DOI: 10.1159/000017341.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchChanges in N-acetylaspartate and myo-inositol detected in the cerebral cortex of hamsters with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Behar K, Boucher R, Fritch W, Manuelidis L. Changes in N-acetylaspartate and myo-inositol detected in the cerebral cortex of hamsters with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1998, 16: 963-968. PMID: 9814779, DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(98)00109-x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAspartic AcidCerebral CortexCreutzfeldt-Jakob SyndromeCricetinaeInositolMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMesocricetusTime FactorsConceptsCreutzfeldt-Jakob diseaseAge-matched controlsCerebral cortexHuman Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseaseMagnetic resonance spectroscopy studySyrian hamster brainHIV dementiaPathogenetic pathwaysCortical levelN-acetylaspartateTerminal diseaseAlzheimer's diseaseMyo-inositolDiseaseNeurodegenerative diseasesHamster brainMetabolite levelsSignificant decreaseHamstersDementiaCortexSignificant changesLate changesWeight metabolitesDays
1997
Homocarnosine and the measurement of neuronal pH in patients with epilepsy
Rothman D, Behar K, Prichard J, Petroff O. Homocarnosine and the measurement of neuronal pH in patients with epilepsy. Magnetic Resonance In Medicine 1997, 38: 924-929. PMID: 9402193, DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910380611.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAnticonvulsantsBrain ChemistryCarnosineEpilepsyFemaleGamma-Aminobutyric AcidHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMaleMiddle AgedNeuronsVigabatrinOxidative Glucose Metabolism in Rat Brain During Single Forepaw Stimulation: A Spatially Localized 1H[13C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study
Hyder F, Rothman* D, Mason† G, Rangarajan A, Behar‡ K, Shulman R. Oxidative Glucose Metabolism in Rat Brain During Single Forepaw Stimulation: A Spatially Localized 1H[13C] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study. Cerebrovascular And Brain Metabolism Reviews 1997, 17: 1040-1047. PMID: 9346428, DOI: 10.1097/00004647-199710000-00005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAnimalsBrainElectric StimulationForelimbFunctional LateralityGlucoseMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMaleOxidation-ReductionRatsRats, Sprague-Dawley