2015
Epidemiology of Drug Use and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors among People Who Inject Drugs in Mwanza, Tanzania
Tan AX, Kapiga S, Khoshnood K, Bruce RD. Epidemiology of Drug Use and HIV-Related Risk Behaviors among People Who Inject Drugs in Mwanza, Tanzania. PLOS ONE 2015, 10: e0145578. PMID: 26701616, PMCID: PMC4689416, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145578.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultFemaleHeroinHIV InfectionsHumansMaleNarcoticsRisk-TakingSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSubstance-Related DisordersTanzaniaYoung AdultConceptsDrug useRisk behaviorsNeedle/syringe sharingHIV risk behaviorsHarm reduction programsSmoking heroinHeroin injectionSyringe sharingHIV riskHeroin useCommon locationHeroin injectorsDrug usersCondom useCohabitation statusUnstable housingCity of MwanzaPoor awarenessStudy sampleParticipant referralsIllicit drugsMwanzaHIVEpidemiologyReduction programs
2013
Drug users in Hanoi, Vietnam: factors associated with membership in community-based drug user groups
Hayes-Larson E, Grau LE, Khoshnood K, Barbour R, Khuat OT, Heimer R. Drug users in Hanoi, Vietnam: factors associated with membership in community-based drug user groups. Harm Reduction Journal 2013, 10: 33. PMID: 24268108, PMCID: PMC4176489, DOI: 10.1186/1477-7517-10-33.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultCrimeHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansMaleNeedle-Exchange ProgramsQuality of LifeRisk-TakingSelf EfficacySelf-Help GroupsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousVietnamConceptsDrug user groupsResult of membershipDomains of knowledgeInjection-related harmsLongitudinal studyGreater historyDrug usePost-hoc evaluationMembershipLow statistical powerFurther longitudinal studiesQuality of lifeUser groupsFaceHigh levelsPeersMore attentionHealth issuesMultivariate modelBeingHarm reductionDrug usersKnowledge variablesHarmVariables
2012
Opiate use, treatment, and harm reduction in Afghanistan: Recent changes and future directions
Todd CS, Macdonald D, Khoshnood K, Mansoor GF, Eggerman M, Panter-Brick C. Opiate use, treatment, and harm reduction in Afghanistan: Recent changes and future directions. International Journal Of Drug Policy 2012, 23: 341-345. PMID: 22717389, PMCID: PMC7153691, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.05.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAfghanistanAftercareAgricultureCannabisHarm ReductionHealth PolicyHumansOpioid-Related DisordersOpiumSubstance Abuse, Intravenous
2011
Female spouses of injection drug users in Pakistan: a bridge population of the HIV epidemic?
Ahmad S, Mehmood J, Awan A, Zafar S, Khoshnood K, Khan A. Female spouses of injection drug users in Pakistan: a bridge population of the HIV epidemic? Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2011, 17: 271-6. PMID: 22259883, DOI: 10.26719/2011.17.4.271.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansInterviews as TopicMalePakistanRisk FactorsRisk-TakingSex WorkSpousesSubstance Abuse, IntravenousConceptsInjection drug usersTherapeutic injectionsDrug usersMale injection drug usersCombination of diazepamSame health centerHIV transmission chainHIV epidemicInjection drugsHealth centersDrug useSex workPast monthDrugsHIVSexual practicesBridge populationFemale spousesInjectionTransmission chainSpousesDiazepamMonths
2010
Opium Trade, Insurgency, and HIV/AIDS in Afghanistan: Relationships and Regional Consequences
Griffin N, Khoshnood K. Opium Trade, Insurgency, and HIV/AIDS in Afghanistan: Relationships and Regional Consequences. Asia Pacific Journal Of Public Health 2010, 22: 159s-167s. PMID: 20566549, DOI: 10.1177/1010539510374524.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAfghan Campaign 2001-AfghanistanDatabases, BibliographicDisease OutbreaksHeroin DependenceHIV InfectionsHumansOpiumRefugeesSubstance Abuse, IntravenousConceptsOpium tradeHIV/AIDSEffective policy makingOngoing insurgencyConflict studiesPublic health conceptsPolicy makingOngoing conflictComplex indirect relationshipsPolicy implicationsRegional consequencesAfghanistanRegional approachGlobal importConceptual frameworkInsurgencyHIV epidemicKey linkagesGlobal healthAnalytical reviewTradeGrey literatureHealth conceptsEmergenceImportant research
2006
Assessment of HIV Testing of Urban Injection Drug Users: Implications for Expansion of HIV Testing and Prevention Efforts
Heimer R, Grau LE, Curtin E, Khoshnood K, Singer M. Assessment of HIV Testing of Urban Injection Drug Users: Implications for Expansion of HIV Testing and Prevention Efforts. American Journal Of Public Health 2006, 97: 110-116. PMID: 17138916, PMCID: PMC1716244, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2005.078105.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS SerodiagnosisBlood-Borne PathogensDiagnostic ServicesEquipment ContaminationFemaleHealth EducationHIV SeropositivityHIV SeroprevalenceHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeedle-Exchange ProgramsProgram EvaluationPublic Health AdministrationSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSyringesUnited StatesUrban Health ServicesConceptsUrban injection drug usersInjection drug usersHIV testingDrug usersUndetected infectionsHIV prevention strategiesExtent of HIVTime-location samplingSecondary preventionDrug treatmentSyringe exchangeHIVPrevention effortsCurrent optionsInfectionChain referralVast majorityTestingReferralPreventionWomenHIV prevalence, sociodemographic, and behavioral correlates and recruitment methods among injection drug users in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Shaboltas AV, Toussova OV, Hoffman IF, Heimer R, Verevochkin SV, Ryder RW, Khoshnood K, Perdue T, Masse BR, Kozlov AP. HIV prevalence, sociodemographic, and behavioral correlates and recruitment methods among injection drug users in St. Petersburg, Russia. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2006, 41: 657-63. PMID: 16652041, DOI: 10.1097/01.qai.0000220166.56866.22.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersHigh-risk injection drug usersHIV prevalenceDrug usersActive injection drug usersBaseline HIV prevalenceHIV-1 prevalencePrevalent HIV infectionHIV-1 infectionHIV-positive individualsRecruitment methodsChain referralHIV infectionMedian ageHIV statusHIV-1Street outreachPrevalenceDemographic characteristicsPrevious monthRecruitment periodReferralInfectionBehavioral correlatesBehavioral variables
2005
Correlates of HIV infection among incarcerated women: Implications for improving detection of HIV infection
Altice FL, Marinovich A, Khoshnood K, Blankenship KM, Springer SA, Selwyn PA. Correlates of HIV infection among incarcerated women: Implications for improving detection of HIV infection. Journal Of Urban Health 2005, 82: 312-326. PMID: 15872190, PMCID: PMC3456574, DOI: 10.1093/jurban/jti055.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHIV infectionHIV testingHigh HIV prevalence areasMultiple logistic regression analysisWidespread HIV testingGenital herpes infectionVoluntary HIV counselingHIV prevalence areasInjection drug usePrevalence of HIVAnonymous HIV testingRisk behavior informationHigh-risk groupRapid serologic testsHIV risk behaviorsLogistic regression analysisPublic health benefitsIncarcerated womenHIV seroprevalenceHerpes infectionHIV counselingHIV serosurveyLaboratory markersIndependent correlatesRisk factors
2004
Writing About Risk: Use of Daily Diaries in Understanding Drug-User Risk Behaviors
Stopka TJ, Springer KW, Khoshnood K, Shaw S, Singer M. Writing About Risk: Use of Daily Diaries in Understanding Drug-User Risk Behaviors. AIDS And Behavior 2004, 8: 73-85. PMID: 15146135, DOI: 10.1023/b:aibe.0000017527.25533.f4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultData CollectionEmotionsFemaleHealth Care SurveysHepatitis CHIV InfectionsHumansMaleNeedle SharingRisk-TakingSubstance Abuse, Intravenous
2002
The Impact of Needle Exchange–based Health Services on Emergency Department Use
Pollack HA, Khoshnood K, Blankenship KM, Altice FL. The Impact of Needle Exchange–based Health Services on Emergency Department Use. Journal Of General Internal Medicine 2002, 17: 341-348. PMID: 12047730, PMCID: PMC1495047, DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2002.10663.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsConnecticutEmergency Service, HospitalFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansMaleMobile Health UnitsNeedle-Exchange ProgramsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousTime FactorsConceptsInjection drug usersTreatment injection drug usersEmergency department useIncidence rate ratiosED utilizationED useDepartment useDrug usersHigh-risk injection drug usersHIV-negative injection drug usersMobile health clinicHealth care delivery systemHealth care servicesCare delivery systemHIV/AIDSPre-post comparisonAcute careEmergency departmentSubgroup analysisMedical recordsHealth clinicsLongitudinal cohortDrug treatmentED servicesBinomial regression analysisEthical Dilemmas Created by the Criminalization of Status Behaviors: Case Examples from Ethnographic Field Research with Injection Drug Users
Buchanan D, Khoshnood K, Stopka T, Shaw S, Santelices C, Singer M. Ethical Dilemmas Created by the Criminalization of Status Behaviors: Case Examples from Ethnographic Field Research with Injection Drug Users. Health Education & Behavior 2002, 29: 30-42. PMID: 11822551, DOI: 10.1177/109019810202900105.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2000
The social geography of AIDS and hepatitis risk: qualitative approaches for assessing local differences in sterile-syringe access among injection drug users.
Singer M, Stopka T, Siano C, Springer K, Barton G, Khoshnood K, Gorry de Puga A, Heimer R. The social geography of AIDS and hepatitis risk: qualitative approaches for assessing local differences in sterile-syringe access among injection drug users. American Journal Of Public Health 2000, 90: 1049-56. PMID: 10897181, PMCID: PMC1446282, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.90.7.1049.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSterile syringe accessDrug use sitesIndividual-level characteristicsSocial geographyEthnographic descriptionSocial mapTarget neighborhoodsSocial contextQualitative approachNortheastern cityNeighborhood differencesQualitative methodsFocus groupsSocial factorsSyringe accessSurvey approachDrug usersSyringe acquisitionAccessInjection drug usersGeographyFull understandingInterviewsDrug useCitySyringe source, use, and discard among injection-drug users in New Haven, Connecticut.
Khoshnood K, Blankenship KM, Pollack HA, Roan CT, Altice FL. Syringe source, use, and discard among injection-drug users in New Haven, Connecticut. AIDS & Public Policy Journal 2000, 15: 88-94. PMID: 12189714.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsConnecticutFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansMaleNeedle-Exchange ProgramsPharmaciesPrescriptionsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSubstance-Related DisordersSyringes
1998
Syringe Use and Reuse: Effects of Syringe Exchange Programs in Four Cities
Heimer R, Khoshnood K, Bigg D, Guydish J, Junge B. Syringe Use and Reuse: Effects of Syringe Exchange Programs in Four Cities. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1998, 18: s37-s44. PMID: 9663622, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199802001-00008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsBaltimoreChicagoConnecticutEquipment ReuseHumansNeedle-Exchange ProgramsSan FranciscoSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSyringesUrban HealthUrban Population
1996
Structural impediments to operational syringe-exchange programs.
Heimer R, Bluthenthal RN, Singer M, Khoshnood K. Structural impediments to operational syringe-exchange programs. AIDS & Public Policy Journal 1996, 11: 169-84. PMID: 10915251.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1995
'Dropouts' or 'drop-ins'? Client retention and participation in New Haven's needle exchange program.
Khoshnood K, Kaplan EH, Heimer R. 'Dropouts' or 'drop-ins'? Client retention and participation in New Haven's needle exchange program. Public Health Reports 1995, 110: 462-6. PMID: 7638334, PMCID: PMC1382156.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultConnecticutFemaleHumansMaleNeedle-Exchange ProgramsPatient CompliancePatient DropoutsSex FactorsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSurveys and QuestionnairesTime FactorsConceptsNeedle exchange programsNew Haven's needle exchange programStudy periodInjection drug usersSingle-visit groupCharacteristics of clientsMedian durationVisit groupClient participationDrug usersNeedle exchangeFull enrollmentSingle visitLonger durationExchange programsClient characteristicsYoung clientsThorough evaluationEnrollmentDurationNew HavenClient retentionYearsPercentRetention fraction
1993
Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut
Heimer R, Kaplan E, Khoshnood K, Jariwala B, Cadman E. Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut. The American Journal Of Medicine 1993, 95: 214-220. PMID: 8356986, DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90263-o.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnalysis of VarianceConnecticutDNA, ViralHIV InfectionsHIV-1HumansNeedlesPrevalenceProgram DevelopmentPublic Health AdministrationSubstance Abuse, IntravenousSyringesConceptsHIV-1 proviral DNANeedle exchange programsProviral DNANew Haven's needle exchange programNeedle exchangeHIV-1 prevalenceIntravenous drug usersNeedle exchange clientsDrug treatment programsPercentage of syringesDrug use habitsSyringe trackingDNA prevalenceNew HavenPolymerase chain reactionDrug treatmentDrug usersTreatment programPrevalenceChain reactionExchange programsSyringesMonthsProgram participantsFunded evaluation