Influence of Ion Accumulation on the Emulsion Stability and Performance of Semi-Synthetic Metalworking Fluids
Zimmerman J, Hayes K, Skerlos S. Influence of Ion Accumulation on the Emulsion Stability and Performance of Semi-Synthetic Metalworking Fluids. Environmental Science And Technology 2004, 38: 2482-2490. PMID: 15116857, DOI: 10.1021/es0340477.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsEmulsionsEnvironmental PollutionHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationIndustrial WasteMetallurgyParticle SizeSurface-Active AgentsWaste Disposal, FluidConceptsEmulsifier systemEmulsion stabilityEmulsion particle sizeParticle sizeEmulsion destabilizationEmulsion sizeSynthetic metalworking fluidTrivalent cationsEmulsified fluidsImpact of pHMetal workpieceFormulation designDestabilization mechanismMWF formulationsSaltTorque testWater additionSignificant environmental impactsMetalworking industryMetalworking fluidsMWF systemsEDTAEnvironmental impactsExperimental observationsCation accumulation