2020
An examination of the relationship between regulatory T cells and symptom flare-ups in children and adolescents diagnosed with chronic tic disorder and Tourette syndrome
Yildirim Z, Karabekiroglu K, Yildiran A, Celiksoy MH, Artukoglu B, Baykal S, Babadağı Z, Leckman J. An examination of the relationship between regulatory T cells and symptom flare-ups in children and adolescents diagnosed with chronic tic disorder and Tourette syndrome. Nordic Journal Of Psychiatry 2020, 75: 18-24. PMID: 32580599, DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2020.1779808.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTS/chronic tic disorderChronic tic disorderSex-matched healthy controlsModerate-severe groupHealthy controlsLymphocyte countTourette syndromeLymphocyte percentagePatient groupTic disordersHC groupControl groupT-helper lymphocyte countYale Global Tic Severity ScaleT helper (TH) (CD4) numberT-lymphocyte countsT lymphocyte numbersT-lymphocyte percentageRegulatory T cellsT cell valuesTic Severity ScaleTreg percentageChildhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorderLymphocyte numbersPhonic tics
2019
Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback for Tics in Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome
Sukhodolsky DG, Walsh C, Koller WN, Eilbott J, Rance M, Fulbright RK, Zhao Z, Bloch MH, King R, Leckman JF, Scheinost D, Pittman B, Hampson M. Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback for Tics in Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome. Biological Psychiatry 2019, 87: 1063-1070. PMID: 31668476, PMCID: PMC7015800, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.035.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSupplementary motor areaYale Global Tic Severity ScaleFunctional magnetic resonanceTic Severity ScaleReal-time functional magnetic resonanceTourette syndromeSeverity ScaleYale Global Tic Severity Scale-Total Tic ScoreTotal tic scorePrimary outcome measureSham control conditionReduction of ticsMagnetic resonanceSecondary outcomesSessions of neurofeedbackCrossover studyTic symptomsTic scoreOutcome measuresMotor areaSecondary measuresTic severityReal neurofeedbackEnd pointNeurofeedback intervention
2018
A multicenter examination and strategic revisions of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale
McGuire JF, Piacentini J, Storch EA, Murphy TK, Ricketts EJ, Woods DW, Walkup JW, Peterson AL, Wilhelm S, Lewin AB, McCracken JT, Leckman JF, Scahill L. A multicenter examination and strategic revisions of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Neurology 2018, 90: e1711-e1719. PMID: 29653992, PMCID: PMC5952973, DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000005474.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTic symptom severityTic scoreTIC numbersYale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) scoresSymptom severityYale Global Tic Severity ScaleYGTSS total tic scoreTotal tic scoreSimilar clinical characteristicsInternal consistencySeverity Scale scoreCross-sectional studyTic Severity ScaleDelphi consensus processClinical characteristicsPhonic ticsTic disordersMulticenter examinationImpairment scoresGood internal consistencySeverity ScaleScale scoreSymptom ChecklistDiagnostic InterviewStrong internal consistencyEfficacy and Safety of Deep Brain Stimulation in Tourette Syndrome: The International Tourette Syndrome Deep Brain Stimulation Public Database and Registry
Martinez-Ramirez D, Jimenez-Shahed J, Leckman JF, Porta M, Servello D, Meng FG, Kuhn J, Huys D, Baldermann JC, Foltynie T, Hariz MI, Joyce EM, Zrinzo L, Kefalopoulou Z, Silburn P, Coyne T, Mogilner AY, Pourfar MH, Khandhar SM, Auyeung M, Ostrem JL, Visser-Vandewalle V, Welter ML, Mallet L, Karachi C, Houeto JL, Klassen BT, Ackermans L, Kaido T, Temel Y, Gross RE, Walker HC, Lozano AM, Walter BL, Mari Z, Anderson WS, Changizi BK, Moro E, Zauber SE, Schrock LE, Zhang JG, Hu W, Rizer K, Monari EH, Foote KD, Malaty IA, Deeb W, Gunduz A, Okun MS. Efficacy and Safety of Deep Brain Stimulation in Tourette Syndrome: The International Tourette Syndrome Deep Brain Stimulation Public Database and Registry. JAMA Neurology 2018, 75: 353-359. PMID: 29340590, PMCID: PMC5885852, DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.4317.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDeep brain stimulationGlobus pallidus internusTourette syndromeDBS implantationBrain stimulationAdverse eventsOutcome of DBSSafety of DBSYale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) scoresPosterior globus pallidus internusOverall adverse event rateYale Global Tic Severity ScaleStimulation-induced adverse effectsMedically refractory symptomsImportant adverse eventsAdverse event ratesRefractory Tourette syndromeSeverity Scale scoreTic Severity ScaleSelf-injurious behaviorRefractory symptomsSymptomatic improvementIntracranial hemorrhageObsessive-compulsive disorderInternal capsule
2016
N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Pediatric Tourette Syndrome: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Add-On Trial
Bloch MH, Panza KE, Yaffa A, Alvarenga PG, Jakubovski E, Mulqueen JM, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF. N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Pediatric Tourette Syndrome: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Add-On Trial. Journal Of Child And Adolescent Psychopharmacology 2016, 26: 327-334. PMID: 27027204, PMCID: PMC6445198, DOI: 10.1089/cap.2015.0109.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBenefit of NACEfficacy of NACYale Global Tic Severity ScaleAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderObsessive-compulsive disorderTourette syndromeN-acetylcysteineObsessive-compulsive spectrum disordersSide effectsRecent placebo-controlled trialPediatric Tourette syndromePlacebo-controlled trialCurrent pharmacological treatmentsTreatment of ticsTotal tic scoreSeverity of ticsSubstantial side effectsTic Severity ScaleYears of ageMinimal side effectsPediatric TSPrimary outcomeSecondary outcomesGlutamatergic systemPharmacological treatment
2013
Lessons Learned from Open-label Deep Brain Stimulation for Tourette Syndrome: Eight Cases over 7 Years
Motlagh MG, Smith ME, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Kobets AJ, King RA, Miravite J, de Lotbinière AC, Alterman RL, Mogilner AY, Pourfar MH, Okun MS, Leckman JF. Lessons Learned from Open-label Deep Brain Stimulation for Tourette Syndrome: Eight Cases over 7 Years. Tremor And Other Hyperkinetic Movements 2013, 3: 03. PMID: 24255802, PMCID: PMC3822402, DOI: 10.5334/tohm.126.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchDeep brain stimulationYale Global Tic Severity ScaleTourette syndromeBrain targetsBrain stimulationMedication-refractory Tourette syndromeHomogenous clinical entityOpen-label experienceRefractory Gilles deSerious adverse eventsSelection of patientsRisk of surgeryMidline thalamic nucleiTic Severity ScalePatient-specific outcomesAdverse eventsClinical improvementPostoperative improvementClinical entityGlobus pallidusDBS patientsThalamic nucleiInclusion criteriaSeverity ScaleClinical experienceBrain mechanisms for prepulse inhibition in adults with Tourette syndrome: Initial findings
Zebardast N, Crowley MJ, Bloch MH, Mayes LC, Wyk BV, Leckman JF, Pelphrey KA, Swain JE. Brain mechanisms for prepulse inhibition in adults with Tourette syndrome: Initial findings. Psychiatry Research 2013, 214: 33-41. PMID: 23916249, PMCID: PMC3932431, DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.05.009.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeFunctional magnetic resonance imagingHealthy subjectsTic severityWhole-brain functional magnetic resonance imagingYale Global Tic Severity ScaleTactile startle responseCase-control study designTic Severity ScaleCortical-striatal circuitsBrain activityMagnetic resonance imagingMultiple brain regionsLeft middle frontal gyrusMiddle frontal gyrusDegree of PPIPulse-alone stimuliBlock-design fMRI paradigmTic symptomsNeuropathological dataHealthy controlsPrepulse inhibitionDevelopmental neuropsychiatric disordersSensorimotor gatingLeft caudate
2009
Validation of the University of São Paulo Sensory Phenomena Scale:Initial Psychometric Properties
Rosario MC, Prado HS, Borcato S, Diniz JB, Shavitt RG, Hounie AG, Mathis ME, Mastrorosa RS, Velloso P, Perin EA, Fossaluza V, Pereira CA, Geller D, Leckman J, Miguel E. Validation of the University of São Paulo Sensory Phenomena Scale:Initial Psychometric Properties. CNS Spectrums 2009, 14: 315-323. PMID: 19668122, DOI: 10.1017/s1092852900020319.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOpen clinical interviewClinical InterviewYale-Brown ObsessiveObsessive-compulsive disorderFourth Edition Axis I DisordersEarly-onset OCD patientsYale Global Tic Severity ScaleSensory phenomenaCompulsive ScaleOCD patientsOCD subjectsAxis I DisordersTic Severity ScaleSão Paulo Sensory Phenomena ScaleSignificant differencesBeck Depression InventoryBeck Anxiety InventorySeverity scoreI disordersInter-rater reliabilityInitial psychometric propertiesSeverity ScalePremonitory urgesPatientsDepression Inventory
2003
A placebo-controlled trial of risperidone in Tourette syndrome
Scahill L, Leckman JF, Schultz RT, Katsovich L, Peterson BS. A placebo-controlled trial of risperidone in Tourette syndrome. Neurology 2003, 60: 1130-1135. PMID: 12682319, DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000055434.39968.67.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAntipsychotic AgentsBody WeightChildDiagnostic Techniques, NeurologicalDopamine AntagonistsDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodErectile DysfunctionFemaleHeart Conduction SystemHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhobic DisordersRisperidoneSeverity of Illness IndexTicsTourette SyndromeTreatment OutcomeConceptsYale Global Tic Severity ScalePlacebo-controlled trialTotal tic scoreTourette syndromeTic scoreYGTSS total tic scoreCardiac conduction timesSafety of risperidonePrimary outcome measureWeeks of treatmentDurability of efficacyTic Severity ScaleShort-term treatmentMedication-free subjectsPlacebo patientsMedication discontinuationRisperidone groupExtrapyramidal symptomsTic symptomsOutcome measuresDose reductionConduction timeSeverity ScaleTic severityBody weight
1994
D2 Dopamine Receptor Alleles Do Not Influence Severity of Tourette's Syndrome: Results From Four Large Kindreds
Gelernter J, Pauls DL, Leckman J, Kidd KK, Kurlan R. D2 Dopamine Receptor Alleles Do Not Influence Severity of Tourette's Syndrome: Results From Four Large Kindreds. JAMA Neurology 1994, 51: 397-400. PMID: 8155017, DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1994.00540160099012.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1993
Premonitory urges in Tourette's syndrome
Leckman JF, Walker DE, Cohen DJ. Premonitory urges in Tourette's syndrome. American Journal Of Psychiatry 1993, 150: 98-102. PMID: 8417589, DOI: 10.1176/ajp.150.1.98.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTic disordersPremonitory urgesTourette syndromeYale Global Tic Severity ScaleHyperkinetic movement disordersCross-sectional studyTic Severity ScaleVoluntary responseMidline abdomenTic symptomsPhonic ticsMovement disordersEpidemiological studiesSeverity ScaleCase findingTic severityPrevalence dataAdult subjectsBrain regionsSyndromeTic behaviorsInvoluntary motorFeeling of reliefDisordersAnatomical regions