2017
Clinical Management of Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Part I—Psychiatric and Behavioral Interventions
Thienemann M, Murphy T, Leckman J, Shaw R, Williams K, Kapphahn C, Frankovich J, Geller D, Bernstein G, Chang K, Elia J, Swedo S. Clinical Management of Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Part I—Psychiatric and Behavioral Interventions. Journal Of Child And Adolescent Psychopharmacology 2017, 27: 566-573. PMID: 28722481, PMCID: PMC5610394, DOI: 10.1089/cap.2016.0145.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndromeNeuropsychiatric syndromeInitial treatment doseEvidence-based interventionsPANDAS patientsImmunomodulatory therapyStreptococcal infectionChronic stageSymptomatic treatmentPsychopharmacologic interventionsPsychopharmacologic treatmentSymptom improvementSyndrome AssociatedConsensus guidelinesPsychotropic medicationsClinical managementInflammatory processCurrent guidelinesGuideline SeriesTreatment doseClinical experienceBehavioral symptomsVaried symptomsTherapeutic interventionsBehavioral interventions
2010
Elevated expression of MCP-1, IL-2 and PTPR-N in basal ganglia of Tourette syndrome cases
Morer A, Chae W, Henegariu O, Bothwell AL, Leckman JF, Kawikova I. Elevated expression of MCP-1, IL-2 and PTPR-N in basal ganglia of Tourette syndrome cases. Brain Behavior And Immunity 2010, 24: 1069-1073. PMID: 20193755, DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.02.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAgedAutopsyBasal GangliaChemokine CCL2FemaleHumansInterferon-gammaInterleukin-1betaInterleukin-2Leukocyte Common AntigensMaleMiddle AgedPolymerase Chain ReactionReceptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8RecoverinRNATourette SyndromeConceptsMCP-1IL-2Tourette syndromePost-mortem specimenBasal gangliaElevated expressionPost-infectious autoimmunityAdult TS patientsChronic inflammatory processEvidence of inflammationBasal ganglia areaInterleukin-1 βCentral nervous systemChemotactic factor-1TS casesReverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysisTranscription-polymerase chain reaction analysisReal-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysisBrain tissue sectionsInflammatory factorsControl subjectsGanglia areaInflammatory processInterleukin-2TS patients
2005
Increased serum levels of interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Tourette’s syndrome
Leckman JF, Katsovich L, Kawikova I, Lin H, Zhang H, Krönig H, Morshed S, Parveen S, Grantz H, Lombroso PJ, King RA. Increased serum levels of interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in Tourette’s syndrome. Biological Psychiatry 2005, 57: 667-673. PMID: 15780855, DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEarly-onset obsessive-compulsive disorderObsessive-compulsive disorderSymptom exacerbationInterleukin-12Control subjectsImmune responseTourette syndromeTumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrationsNecrosis factor-alpha concentrationsAge-matched control subjectsInvolvement of innateLocal cytokine synthesisT cell immunityHumoral immune responseCentral nervous systemInnate immune responseLongitudinal studyProspective longitudinal studyT cell activationCell immunitySerum levelsPediatric populationCommon infectionsSerum concentrationsInflammatory process