2023
Cognitive training for children with ADHD: composite cognitive score outcome in a randomized controlled trial
Bikic A, Dalsgaard S, Pittman B, Leckman J, Wexler B. Cognitive training for children with ADHD: composite cognitive score outcome in a randomized controlled trial. Nordic Journal Of Psychiatry 2023, 78: 87-91. PMID: 37905332, DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2270954.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderCognitive trainingDeficit/hyperactivity disorderComposite cognition scoreSessions of trainingCognitive functioningHyperactivity disorderCognitive improvementCognition scoresTraining sessionsMixed resultsFrequency of trainingTrainingChildrenSessionsIntervention groupCognitionInterventionFunctioningPost Hoc AnalysisScore outcomesControl groupPrevious studiesDisordersOutcomes
2022
Social and Adaptive Functioning in Tourette Syndrome
Sukhodolsky D, Kalvin C, Artukoğlu B, Eicher V, Leckman J. Social and Adaptive Functioning in Tourette Syndrome. 2022, 391-404. DOI: 10.1093/med/9780197543214.003.0023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAdaptive functioningAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderTourette syndromeThorough clinical assessmentCo-occurring disordersHyperactivity disorderQuality of lifePsychosocial interventionsClinical assessmentBehavioral disordersSymptom severityFunctioningStandardized ratingsDisordersActive investigationImpairmentSyndromeSeverity
2020
An integrated program of computer-presented and physical cognitive training exercises for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Wexler BE, Vitulano LA, Moore C, Katsovich L, Smith SD, Rush C, Grantz H, Dong J, Leckman JF. An integrated program of computer-presented and physical cognitive training exercises for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychological Medicine 2020, 51: 1524-1535. PMID: 32090720, DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000288.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderExperimental medicine approachTAU groupMedicine approachHyperactivity disorderWeeks of treatmentCombined subtypeDiagnosis of ADHDClinical trial designHyperactive-impulsive subtypeAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderCross-over designDeficit hyperactivity disorderClinical improvementClinical symptomsRandomized crossCognitive dysfunctionCT groupPathophysiological heterogeneityCONSORT recommendationsTrial designResponse rateChange scoresSubtypesTargeted pathology
2019
The impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in obsessive‐compulsive disorder subjects
Blanco‐Vieira T, Santos M, Ferrão YA, Torres AR, Miguel EC, Bloch MH, Leckman JF, do Rosario MC. The impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in obsessive‐compulsive disorder subjects. Depression And Anxiety 2019, 36: 533-542. PMID: 30990937, DOI: 10.1002/da.22898.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderAdult OCD patientsObsessive-compulsive disorderDeficit hyperactivity disorderOCD patientsClinical characteristicsExact testFeatures of ADHDHyperactivity disorderSubgroup of patientsAdult obsessive-compulsive disorderComorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorderSpecific clinical featuresCross-sectional studyObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) subjectsLogistic regression analysisFisher's exact testBrazilian Research ConsortiumMann-Whitney testAdult patientsRheumatic feverDevelopment of interventionsClinical featuresObsessive-compulsive spectrum disordersLifetime prevalence
2018
Attention and executive functions computer training for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): results from a randomized, controlled trial
Bikic A, Leckman JF, Christensen TØ, Bilenberg N, Dalsgaard S. Attention and executive functions computer training for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): results from a randomized, controlled trial. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2018, 27: 1563-1574. PMID: 29644473, DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1151-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderCognitive functionMultiple cognitive functionsComputer training programCognitive trainingHyperactivity disorderComputer trainingTraining programOutcome measuresFunctional outcome measuresIntervention groupTrainingChildrenAttentionMeasuresSecondary outcome measuresDate of registrationControl groupSignificant beneficial effectDisordersInterventionSingle-blind trialSignificant effectOutcomesTrials
2017
A double-blind randomized pilot trial comparing computerized cognitive exercises to Tetris in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Bikic A, Christensen TØ, Leckman JF, Bilenberg N, Dalsgaard S. A double-blind randomized pilot trial comparing computerized cognitive exercises to Tetris in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nordic Journal Of Psychiatry 2017, 71: 455-464. PMID: 28598701, DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2017.1328070.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderComputerized cognitive exercisesCognitive exercisesHyperactivity disorderComputer game TetrisSignificant intra-group changesADHD symptom measuresSignificant group differencesLarge effect sizesDouble-blind randomized pilot trialBrain trainingSustained attentionCognitive testsGame TetrisMotivation questionnaireHome-based interventionGroup differencesSignificant beneficial effectRandomized pilot trialActive placeboIntra-group changesTetrisAdolescentsEffect sizeBeneficial effectsMortality risk in a nationwide cohort of individuals with tic disorders and with tourette syndrome
Meier SM, Dalsgaard S, Mortensen PB, Leckman JF, Plessen KJ. Mortality risk in a nationwide cohort of individuals with tic disorders and with tourette syndrome. Movement Disorders 2017, 32: 605-609. PMID: 28339122, DOI: 10.1002/mds.26939.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTic disordersTourette syndromePremature deathMortality riskProspective cohort studyMortality rate ratiosComorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderExclusion of individualsCohort studyObsessive-compulsive disorderClinical significancePsychiatric disordersPaternal ageSubstance abuseSyndromeHyperactivity disorderDisordersRate ratioDeathRiskCalendar yearAgeIndividualsCliniciansGilles de la Tourette syndrome
Robertson MM, Eapen V, Singer HS, Martino D, Scharf JM, Paschou P, Roessner V, Woods DW, Hariz M, Mathews CA, Črnčec R, Leckman JF. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Nature Reviews Disease Primers 2017, 3: 16097. PMID: 28150698, DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.97.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderFunctional brain anomaliesObsessive-compulsive disorderChildhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorderPathogenesis of GTSHyperactivity disorderMultiple common risk variantsNeurobiological dataConsiderable social stigmaNeural circuit levelTourette syndromeBehavioral methodsGilles deNeurodevelopmental disordersYears of ageFuture researchSocial stigmaBrain anomaliesPhonic ticsNeuropsychiatric disordersTargeted interventionsClinical phenotypeDisordersFunctional neurosurgeryDe novo mutations
2015
Cognitive computer training in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus no intervention: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Bikic A, Leckman JF, Lindschou J, Christensen TØ, Dalsgaard S. Cognitive computer training in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus no intervention: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015, 16: 480. PMID: 26499057, PMCID: PMC4619562, DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0975-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderDeficit hyperactivity disorderCognitive functionCognitive trainingCognitive dysfunctionHyperactivity disorderComputer trainingSymptoms of inattentionMultiple cognitive functionsCommon neurodevelopmental disorderBackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderEveryday lifeCognitive skillsADHD symptomsNeurodevelopmental disordersYoung childrenWeeks of trainingPharmacological treatmentTrainingChildrenClinical superiority trialPoor generalizationLong-term effectsControl groupIntervention groupEffect of drugs on the risk of injuries in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a prospective cohort study
Dalsgaard S, Leckman JF, Mortensen PB, Nielsen HS, Simonsen M. Effect of drugs on the risk of injuries in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet Psychiatry 2015, 2: 702-709. PMID: 26249301, DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00271-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAge 10 yearsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderAge 12 yearsRisk of injuryPrevalence of injuriesCommon causeDeficit hyperactivity disorderPharmacological treatmentEmergency wardOdds ratioADHD drugsMajor public health importanceEmergency ward visitsHyperactivity disorderProspective cohort studyDanish national registersNon-treated childrenLarge disease burdenPublic health importanceEffects of drugsCohort studyWard visitsUntreated childrenAdjusted differenceDisease burdenMortality in children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide cohort study
Dalsgaard S, Østergaard SD, Leckman JF, Mortensen PB, Pedersen MG. Mortality in children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide cohort study. The Lancet 2015, 385: 2190-2196. PMID: 25726514, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61684-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAccidentsAdolescentAdultAge of OnsetAttention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior DisordersAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityCase-Control StudiesCause of DeathChildChild, PreschoolConduct DisorderCross-Sectional StudiesDenmarkFemaleHumansInfantMalePoisson DistributionRisk FactorsSubstance-Related DisordersYoung AdultConceptsMortality rate ratiosAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderHighest mortality rate ratiosSubstance use disordersOppositional defiant disorderDeficit hyperactivity disorderExcess mortalityConduct disorderUse disordersMortality rateDefiant disorderHyperactivity disorderNationwide cohort studyDanish national registersCommon mental disordersExclusion of individualsCohort studyLundbeck FoundationCommon causeFamily historyCohort membersLarge cohortPsychiatric disordersUnnatural causesDanish individuals
2014
Cardiovascular Safety of Stimulants in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study
Dalsgaard S, Kvist AP, Leckman JF, Nielsen HS, Simonsen M. Cardiovascular Safety of Stimulants in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study. Journal Of Child And Adolescent Psychopharmacology 2014, 24: 302-310. PMID: 24956171, PMCID: PMC4137345, DOI: 10.1089/cap.2014.0020.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderProspective cohort studyCardiovascular eventsCohort studyDose-response relationshipStimulant treatmentCardiovascular safetyHazard ratioRisk factorsFirst nationwide cohort studyNationwide prospective cohort studyPossible dose-response relationshipUnique personal identification numberCardiovascular adverse eventsCardiovascular risk factorsHyperactivity disorderNationwide cohort studyNational health registersStimulant usersPopulation-based sampleAdverse eventsHealth registersProspective followCox regressionPotential confoundersClinical features of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders
Leckman JF, King RA, Bloch MH. Clinical features of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders. Journal Of Obsessive-Compulsive And Related Disorders 2014, 3: 372-379. PMID: 30197854, PMCID: PMC6124690, DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2014.03.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTourette syndromeTic disordersLong-term clinical courseLong-term outcomesAge 10 yearsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderCo-occurring conditionsClinical courseClinical featuresObsessive-compulsive disorderTic symptomsVisual-motor integrationVocal ticsPsychosocial stressMost childrenCourse of monthsLiterature searchRelevant articlesMotor integrationStereotyped movementsHyperactivity disorderEarly adulthoodDisordersNeurodevelopmental disordersSensory stimuli
2012
Clinical assessment of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders
Cohen SC, Leckman JF, Bloch MH. Clinical assessment of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2012, 37: 997-1007. PMID: 23206664, PMCID: PMC3674220, DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.11.013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderObsessive-compulsive disorderTreatment of TSImpaired sensorimotor gatingPercent of childrenImpulse control disordersDeficit hyperactivity disorderSomatic hypersensitivityTic symptomsPhonic ticsPurposeless movementsTic disordersClinical assessmentSensorimotor gatingControl disordersProper diagnosisMuscle groupsPremonitory urgesNeuropsychiatric disordersHyperactivity disorderDisordersAppropriate evaluationSyndromeSensory phenomenaTourette syndrome in youth with and without obsessive compulsive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Lebowitz ER, Motlagh MG, Katsovich L, King RA, Lombroso PJ, Grantz H, Lin H, Bentley MJ, Gilbert DL, Singer HS, Coffey BJ, the Tourette Syndrome Study Group, Kurlan RM, Leckman JF. Tourette syndrome in youth with and without obsessive compulsive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2012, 21: 451-457. PMID: 22543961, PMCID: PMC3722559, DOI: 10.1007/s00787-012-0278-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderComorbid tic disordersObsessive-compulsive disorderSeverity of ticsChronic tic disorderTic disordersPsychosocial stressDeficit hyperactivity disorderGlobal functioningComorbid diagnosesHyperactivity disorderMore severe ticsComorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorderDiagnosis of OCDComorbid obsessive-compulsive disorderAdditional comorbid diagnosesSymptoms of anxietyHigh psychosocial stressMore internalizing disordersGreater psychosocial stressSevere ticsOppositional defiant disorderSevere subtypeTic severityTourette syndrome
2010
Neuropsychological Functioning in Children With Tourette Syndrome With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Sukhodolsky DG, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Scahill L, Leckman JF, Schultz RT. Neuropsychological Functioning in Children With Tourette Syndrome With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2010, 49: 1155-1164.e1. PMID: 20970703, PMCID: PMC2965169, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.08.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderConnors' Continuous Performance TestVisual-Motor Integration TestVisual-motor integrationContinuous Performance TestNeuropsychological functioningResponse inhibitionHyperactivity disorderCo-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderStroop Color-Word Interference TestColor-Word Interference TestBeery Visual-Motor Integration TestAdequate control conditionsSample of childrenFine motor coordinationTourette syndromeNeuropsychological measuresPurdue Pegboard TestHealthy community control subjectsSubtle deficitsNeurobiological mechanismsNeuropsychological deficitsInterference testControl conditionPegboard Test
2009
Meta-Analysis: Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children With Comorbid Tic Disorders
Bloch MH, Panza KE, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Leckman JF. Meta-Analysis: Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children With Comorbid Tic Disorders. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2009, 48: 884-893. PMID: 19625978, PMCID: PMC3943246, DOI: 10.1097/chi.0b013e3181b26e9f.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdrenergic alpha-AgonistsAtomoxetine HydrochlorideAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildComorbidityContraindicationsDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodHumansMethylphenidatePropylaminesPsychotropic DrugsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTic DisordersTourette SyndromeConceptsAlpha-2 agonistsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderTic symptomsComorbid ticsSupratherapeutic dosesTic disordersADHD symptomsTreatment of ADHDHyperactivity disorderPlacebo-controlled trialEfficacy of medicationsStandardized mean differenceEvidence-based treatmentsHalf of childrenComorbid tic disordersPrimary outcomeDifferent medicationsPsychostimulant medicationPubMed searchTic severityTourette syndromePackage insertsDrug AdministrationAtomoxetineSymptoms
2007
Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders: A Decade of Progress
SWAIN JE, SCAHILL L, LOMBROSO PJ, KING RA, LECKMAN JF. Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders: A Decade of Progress. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2007, 46: 947-968. PMID: 17667475, DOI: 10.1097/chi.0b013e318068fbcc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCo-existence of tic disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-recent advances in understanding and treatment
Rothenberger A, Roessner V, Banaschewski T, Leckman JF. Co-existence of tic disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-recent advances in understanding and treatment. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2007, 16: 1-4. PMID: 17665277, DOI: 10.1007/s00787-007-1001-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderTic disordersTreatment of youthHyperactivity disorderCognitive disturbancesFuture researchOwn clinical entityDaily clinical practiceEvidence-based approachClinical entityDisordersTreatment choiceClinical practiceDifferential diagnosticsEssential research topicEndophenotypesYouthDifferent levelsTreatmentUnderstandingBetter understandingResearch topicThe role of abnormal neural oscillations in the pathophysiology of co-occurring Tourette syndrome and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Sukhodolsky DG, Leckman JF, Rothenberger A, Scahill L. The role of abnormal neural oscillations in the pathophysiology of co-occurring Tourette syndrome and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2007, 16: 51-59. PMID: 17665283, DOI: 10.1007/s00787-007-1007-3.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderTourette syndromeAbnormal neural oscillationsOscillatory activityHyperactivity disorderAbnormal oscillatory activityThalamo-cortical circuitsSymptoms of ADHDNeural oscillationsNeural oscillatory activityBasal gangliaFunctional abnormalitiesNormal brainThalamocortical regionsThalamocortical oscillationsCortical regionsTransient hyperpolarizationPrefrontal cortexNeural activityNeural communicationPathophysiologyMotor controlSyndromeBrainDisorders