2014
The Modulating Role of Stress in the Onset and Course of Tourette’s Syndrome
Buse J, Kirschbaum C, Leckman JF, Münchau A, Roessner V. The Modulating Role of Stress in the Onset and Course of Tourette’s Syndrome. Behavior Modification 2014, 38: 184-216. PMID: 24516255, DOI: 10.1177/0145445514522056.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromePsychosocial stressActivation of HPAAdrenal axis activationExacerbation of ticsNoradrenergic neurotransmissionAxis activationHPA axisTic disordersTic exacerbationAberrant markersSyndromeNeurotransmissionModulating roleExacerbationPatientsUnderlying mechanismStrong activationImmunologyActivationCommon occurrenceSubsequent changesDopaminergicAbnormalitiesPathology
2010
Streptococcal Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Exacerbations of Tic and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Leckman JF, King RA, Gilbert DL, Coffey BJ, Singer HS, Dure LS, Grantz H, Katsovich L, Lin H, Lombroso PJ, Kawikova I, Johnson DR, Kurlan RM, Kaplan EL. Streptococcal Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Exacerbations of Tic and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. Journal Of The American Academy Of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2010, 50: 108-118.e3. PMID: 21241948, PMCID: PMC3024577, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2010.10.011.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExacerbation of ticsGABHS infectionStreptococcal infectionSymptom exacerbationStreptococcal upper respiratory tract infectionPediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disordersUpper respiratory tract infectionObsessive-compulsive symptomsAutoimmune neuropsychiatric disordersHemolytic streptococcal infectionRespiratory tract infectionsThroat swab cultureLongitudinal studyProspective longitudinal studyPANDAS subjectsClinical exacerbationStreptococcal antibodiesTract infectionsClinical symptomsGABHS infectionsGroup of childrenLaboratory valuesSwab culturesClinical conditionsClinical evaluators