1996
Linkage disequilibrium between an allele at the dopamine D4 receptor locus and Tourette syndrome, by the transmission-disequilibrium test.
Grice DE, Leckman JF, Pauls DL, Kurlan R, Kidd KK, Pakstis AJ, Chang FM, Buxbaum JD, Cohen DJ, Gelernter J. Linkage disequilibrium between an allele at the dopamine D4 receptor locus and Tourette syndrome, by the transmission-disequilibrium test. American Journal Of Human Genetics 1996, 59: 644-52. PMID: 8751866, PMCID: PMC1914894.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeChronic multiple ticsMultiple ticsTransmission disequilibrium test (TDT) methodsDopaminergic abnormalitiesFamily triosTransmission disequilibrium testReceptor locusSyndromeDopamine D4 receptor locusFunctional mutationsFunctional studiesCommon allelesAllelesPathogenesisParticular allelesDifferent binding propertiesAbnormalities
1983
Recent advances in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: implications for clinical practice and future research.
Leckman JF, Cohen DJ. Recent advances in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: implications for clinical practice and future research. Psychiatric Developments 1983, 1: 301-16. PMID: 6324164.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAge FactorsAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildClonidineCompulsive BehaviorDopamineFemaleHaloperidolHomovanillic AcidHumansMaleObsessive BehaviorObsessive-Compulsive DisorderParasympathomimeticsPhysostigmineReceptors, AdrenergicSerotoninSex FactorsTic DisordersTourette SyndromeConceptsTourette syndromeGilles de la Tourette's syndromeDopamine receptor hypersensitivityLa Tourette's syndromeChronic multiple ticsWaning of symptomsComplex stereotypiesReceptor hypersensitivityNeurochemical disturbancesClinical presentationMetabolic findingsCSF HVAMotor involvementDopamine blockersTS patientsObsessive-compulsive behaviorClinical practiceMultiple ticsGilles deNatural historyRostrocaudal progressionFamilial aggregationSyndromeSymptomsDisorders