2020
Autoantibody Biomarkers for Basal Ganglia Encephalitis in Sydenham Chorea and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated With Streptococcal Infections
Chain JL, Alvarez K, Mascaro-Blanco A, Reim S, Bentley R, Hommer R, Grant P, Leckman JF, Kawikova I, Williams K, Stoner JA, Swedo SE, Cunningham MW. Autoantibody Biomarkers for Basal Ganglia Encephalitis in Sydenham Chorea and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated With Streptococcal Infections. Frontiers In Psychiatry 2020, 11: 564. PMID: 32670106, PMCID: PMC7328706, DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00564.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disordersAnti-neuronal autoantibodiesSerum autoantibody titersAutoimmune neuropsychiatric disordersSydenham's choreaAutoantibody titersEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assayCerebrospinal fluidNeuronal autoantigensNeuropsychiatric disordersPANDAS patientsPANDAS subjectsStreptococcal infectionHealthy controlsAcute symptomatic phaseBasal ganglia encephalitisGroup of autoantibodiesHealthy control subjectsCaMKII activationAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderHuman neuronal cellsDeficit hyperactivity disorderGroup of childrenAutoantibody biomarkersObsessive-compulsive disorderAn integrated program of computer-presented and physical cognitive training exercises for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Wexler BE, Vitulano LA, Moore C, Katsovich L, Smith SD, Rush C, Grantz H, Dong J, Leckman JF. An integrated program of computer-presented and physical cognitive training exercises for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychological Medicine 2020, 51: 1524-1535. PMID: 32090720, DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000288.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderExperimental medicine approachTAU groupMedicine approachHyperactivity disorderWeeks of treatmentCombined subtypeDiagnosis of ADHDClinical trial designHyperactive-impulsive subtypeAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderCross-over designDeficit hyperactivity disorderClinical improvementClinical symptomsRandomized crossCognitive dysfunctionCT groupPathophysiological heterogeneityCONSORT recommendationsTrial designResponse rateChange scoresSubtypesTargeted pathology
2019
The impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in obsessive‐compulsive disorder subjects
Blanco‐Vieira T, Santos M, Ferrão YA, Torres AR, Miguel EC, Bloch MH, Leckman JF, do Rosario MC. The impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in obsessive‐compulsive disorder subjects. Depression And Anxiety 2019, 36: 533-542. PMID: 30990937, DOI: 10.1002/da.22898.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderAdult OCD patientsObsessive-compulsive disorderDeficit hyperactivity disorderOCD patientsClinical characteristicsExact testFeatures of ADHDHyperactivity disorderSubgroup of patientsAdult obsessive-compulsive disorderComorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorderSpecific clinical featuresCross-sectional studyObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) subjectsLogistic regression analysisFisher's exact testBrazilian Research ConsortiumMann-Whitney testAdult patientsRheumatic feverDevelopment of interventionsClinical featuresObsessive-compulsive spectrum disordersLifetime prevalence
2017
Temporal Association of Certain Neuropsychiatric Disorders Following Vaccination of Children and Adolescents: A Pilot Case–Control Study
Leslie DL, Kobre RA, Richmand BJ, Guloksuz S, Leckman JF. Temporal Association of Certain Neuropsychiatric Disorders Following Vaccination of Children and Adolescents: A Pilot Case–Control Study. Frontiers In Psychiatry 2017, 8: 3. PMID: 28154539, PMCID: PMC5244035, DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchObsessive-compulsive disorderAnorexia nervosaNeuropsychiatric disordersPrior vaccinationPilot case-control studyAnxiety disordersConditional logistic regression modelsClear public health benefitsVaccination of childrenCase-control studyChronic tic disorderMajor depressive disorderChildhood infectious diseasesCertain neuropsychiatric disordersAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderPublic health benefitsLogistic regression modelsAntecedent administrationAntecedent infectionAntecedent vaccinationDeficit hyperactivity disorderInfluenza vaccinationVaccination scheduleIncident diagnosisCDC guidelines
2015
Cognitive computer training in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus no intervention: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Bikic A, Leckman JF, Lindschou J, Christensen TØ, Dalsgaard S. Cognitive computer training in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) versus no intervention: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015, 16: 480. PMID: 26499057, PMCID: PMC4619562, DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0975-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderDeficit hyperactivity disorderCognitive functionCognitive trainingCognitive dysfunctionHyperactivity disorderComputer trainingSymptoms of inattentionMultiple cognitive functionsCommon neurodevelopmental disorderBackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderEveryday lifeCognitive skillsADHD symptomsNeurodevelopmental disordersYoung childrenWeeks of trainingPharmacological treatmentTrainingChildrenClinical superiority trialPoor generalizationLong-term effectsControl groupIntervention groupEffect of drugs on the risk of injuries in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a prospective cohort study
Dalsgaard S, Leckman JF, Mortensen PB, Nielsen HS, Simonsen M. Effect of drugs on the risk of injuries in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet Psychiatry 2015, 2: 702-709. PMID: 26249301, DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00271-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAge 10 yearsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderAge 12 yearsRisk of injuryPrevalence of injuriesCommon causeDeficit hyperactivity disorderPharmacological treatmentEmergency wardOdds ratioADHD drugsMajor public health importanceEmergency ward visitsHyperactivity disorderProspective cohort studyDanish national registersNon-treated childrenLarge disease burdenPublic health importanceEffects of drugsCohort studyWard visitsUntreated childrenAdjusted differenceDisease burdenMortality in children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide cohort study
Dalsgaard S, Østergaard SD, Leckman JF, Mortensen PB, Pedersen MG. Mortality in children, adolescents, and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide cohort study. The Lancet 2015, 385: 2190-2196. PMID: 25726514, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61684-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAccidentsAdolescentAdultAge of OnsetAttention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior DisordersAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityCase-Control StudiesCause of DeathChildChild, PreschoolConduct DisorderCross-Sectional StudiesDenmarkFemaleHumansInfantMalePoisson DistributionRisk FactorsSubstance-Related DisordersYoung AdultConceptsMortality rate ratiosAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderHighest mortality rate ratiosSubstance use disordersOppositional defiant disorderDeficit hyperactivity disorderExcess mortalityConduct disorderUse disordersMortality rateDefiant disorderHyperactivity disorderNationwide cohort studyDanish national registersCommon mental disordersExclusion of individualsCohort studyLundbeck FoundationCommon causeFamily historyCohort membersLarge cohortPsychiatric disordersUnnatural causesDanish individuals
2014
Clinical features of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders
Leckman JF, King RA, Bloch MH. Clinical features of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders. Journal Of Obsessive-Compulsive And Related Disorders 2014, 3: 372-379. PMID: 30197854, PMCID: PMC6124690, DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2014.03.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTourette syndromeTic disordersLong-term clinical courseLong-term outcomesAge 10 yearsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderCo-occurring conditionsClinical courseClinical featuresObsessive-compulsive disorderTic symptomsVisual-motor integrationVocal ticsPsychosocial stressMost childrenCourse of monthsLiterature searchRelevant articlesMotor integrationStereotyped movementsHyperactivity disorderEarly adulthoodDisordersNeurodevelopmental disordersSensory stimuli
2012
Clinical assessment of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders
Cohen SC, Leckman JF, Bloch MH. Clinical assessment of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2012, 37: 997-1007. PMID: 23206664, PMCID: PMC3674220, DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.11.013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderObsessive-compulsive disorderTreatment of TSImpaired sensorimotor gatingPercent of childrenImpulse control disordersDeficit hyperactivity disorderSomatic hypersensitivityTic symptomsPhonic ticsPurposeless movementsTic disordersClinical assessmentSensorimotor gatingControl disordersProper diagnosisMuscle groupsPremonitory urgesNeuropsychiatric disordersHyperactivity disorderDisordersAppropriate evaluationSyndromeSensory phenomenaTourette syndrome in youth with and without obsessive compulsive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Lebowitz ER, Motlagh MG, Katsovich L, King RA, Lombroso PJ, Grantz H, Lin H, Bentley MJ, Gilbert DL, Singer HS, Coffey BJ, the Tourette Syndrome Study Group, Kurlan RM, Leckman JF. Tourette syndrome in youth with and without obsessive compulsive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2012, 21: 451-457. PMID: 22543961, PMCID: PMC3722559, DOI: 10.1007/s00787-012-0278-5.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderComorbid tic disordersObsessive-compulsive disorderSeverity of ticsChronic tic disorderTic disordersPsychosocial stressDeficit hyperactivity disorderGlobal functioningComorbid diagnosesHyperactivity disorderMore severe ticsComorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorderDiagnosis of OCDComorbid obsessive-compulsive disorderAdditional comorbid diagnosesSymptoms of anxietyHigh psychosocial stressMore internalizing disordersGreater psychosocial stressSevere ticsOppositional defiant disorderSevere subtypeTic severityTourette syndrome
2010
Tourette Syndrome in Children: An Updated Review
Du JC, Chiu TF, Lee KM, Wu HL, Yang YC, Hsu SY, Sun CS, Hwang B, Leckman JF. Tourette Syndrome in Children: An Updated Review. Pediatrics & Neonatology 2010, 51: 255-264. PMID: 20951354, DOI: 10.1016/s1875-9572(10)60050-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeVocal ticsMovement disordersBasal ganglia-related circuitsRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulationPathophysiology of TSA2-adrenergic agonistHabit reversal therapySocial functioningTranscranial magnetic stimulationCommon neuropsychiatric disorderPatients' social functioningAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderDeficit hyperactivity disorderCommon comorbiditiesNeurological examinationStreptococcal infectionReversal therapyObsessive-compulsive disorderAtypical neurolepticsDopaminergic innervationCorrect diagnosisSevere casesMagnetic stimulationSensory urgePsychosocial outcome and psychiatric comorbidity in older adolescents with Tourette syndrome: controlled study
Gorman DA, Thompson N, Plessen KJ, Robertson MM, Leckman JF, Peterson BS. Psychosocial outcome and psychiatric comorbidity in older adolescents with Tourette syndrome: controlled study. The British Journal Of Psychiatry 2010, 197: 36-44. PMID: 20592431, PMCID: PMC2894981, DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.071050.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderGlobal Assessment Scale scoresTourette syndromePsychosocial outcomesComorbidity ratesChildren's Global Assessment Scale scoresPsychosocial functioningImprovement of ticsLifetime psychiatric disordersLower Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) scoresAssessment Scale scoresAge 18 yearsYears of ageHigh comorbidity ratesOlder adolescentsLifetime comorbidity ratesLower CGAS scoresPoor psychosocial outcomesComorbidity outcomesPsychiatric comorbidityMajor depressionCGAS scoresPsychiatric disordersTic severityObsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms
2006
Tourette Syndrome: The Self Under Siege
Leckman JF, Bloch MH, Scahill L, King RA. Tourette Syndrome: The Self Under Siege. Journal Of Child Neurology 2006, 21: 642-649. PMID: 16970864, DOI: 10.1177/08830738060210081001.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTourette syndromeAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderSensorimotor gatingSimple motor ticsYears of ageAge 10 yearsPostmortem brain studiesVivo brain imagingObsessive-compulsive disorderPrepubertal onsetVisual-motor integrationElectrophysiologic recordingsMotor ticsVocal ticsTic severityFine motorMost childrenNatural historySyndromeBehavioral treatmentMotor responseCourse of monthsNeural circuitryMotor integrationStereotyped movements
2005
Adaptive, Emotional, and Family Functioning of Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Comorbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Sukhodolsky DG, do Rosario-Campos MC, Scahill L, Katsovich L, Pauls DL, Peterson BS, King RA, Lombroso PJ, Findley DB, Leckman JF. Adaptive, Emotional, and Family Functioning of Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Comorbid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. American Journal Of Psychiatry 2005, 162: 1125-1132. PMID: 15930061, PMCID: PMC2291297, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1125.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdaptation, PsychologicalAdolescentAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildComorbidityCross-Sectional StudiesDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersEmotionsFamily HealthFemaleHealth StatusHumansMaleObsessive-Compulsive DisorderPersonality InventoryPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesSurveys and QuestionnairesConceptsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderObsessive-compulsive disorderComorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorderDiagnosis of OCDDeficit hyperactivity disorderFamily functioningEmotional adjustmentHyperactivity disorderVineland Adaptive Behavior ScalesSelf-reported anxietyDaily living skillsAdaptive Behavior ScalesAdolescents ages 7Self-reported depressionBest-estimate DSM-IV diagnosesGroup of childrenAdaptive functioningLevel of impairmentChild functioningParent ratingsComparison childrenEmotional functioningComprehensive batteryLiving skillsDSM-IV diagnosisMicroinfusion of antineuronal antibodies into rodent striatum: Failure to differentiate between elevated and low titers
Singer HS, Mink JW, Loiselle CR, Burke KA, Ruchkina I, Morshed S, Parveen S, Leckman JF, Hallett JJ, Lombroso PJ. Microinfusion of antineuronal antibodies into rodent striatum: Failure to differentiate between elevated and low titers. Journal Of Neuroimmunology 2005, 163: 8-14. PMID: 15885303, DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.02.018.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAntineuronal antibodiesMovement disordersMale Sprague-Dawley ratsPediatric movement disordersSerum antineuronal antibodiesSprague-Dawley ratsStart of infusionNonspecific behavioral effectsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderDeficit hyperactivity disorderAntibody infusionSham surgeryVentrolateral striatumObsessive-compulsive disorderSerum titersAntibody titersUse of ELISAImmunohistochemical techniquesTourette syndromeBehavioral abnormalitiesRodent striatumDay 2Stereotypy scoresInfusionLow titers
2003
Tourette’s syndrome in children
Swain JE, Leckman JF. Tourette’s syndrome in children. Current Treatment Options In Neurology 2003, 5: 299-308. PMID: 12791197, DOI: 10.1007/s11940-003-0036-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchTourette syndromeSide effectsComorbid conditionsPharmacologic agentsCourse of ticsLow-dose neurolepticsRealistic treatment expectationsAvailable pharmacologic agentsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderBenefits of interventionsCommitted cliniciansDeficit hyperactivity disorderObsessive-compulsive disorderTreatment optionsSuccessful treatmentClinical trialsSomatic treatmentsTreatment responseSpecific symptomsEffective treatmentCommon treatmentTreatment expectationsTic severityTic controlNeurophysiologic basis
2001
A Placebo-Controlled Study of Guanfacine in the Treatment of Children With Tic Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Scahill L, Chappell PB, Kim YS, Schultz RT, Katsovich L, Shepherd E, Arnsten AF, Cohen DJ, Leckman JF. A Placebo-Controlled Study of Guanfacine in the Treatment of Children With Tic Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. American Journal Of Psychiatry 2001, 158: 1067-1074. PMID: 11431228, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1067.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderWeeks of treatmentPlacebo groupTic disordersGuanfacine groupDeficit hyperactivity disorderClinical Global Improvement ScaleHyperactivity disorderSafety of guanfacineGlobal Improvement ScaleDouble-blind conditionsTreatment of childrenMedication-free subjectsDose adjustmentBlood pressureADHD Rating ScaleDisorders ClinicWeek 4Mean improvementEffective treatmentImprovement ScaleGuanfacinePlaceboTic severityContinuous Performance Test
2000
The Psychiatric Symptoms of Rheumatic Fever
Mercadante MT, Busatto GF, Lombroso PJ, Prado L, Rosário-Campos MC, do Valle R, Marques-Dias MJ, Kiss MH, Leckman JF, Miguel EC. The Psychiatric Symptoms of Rheumatic Fever. American Journal Of Psychiatry 2000, 157: 2036-2038. PMID: 11097972, DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.12.2036.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderRheumatic feverSydenham's choreaTic disordersHigh riskComparison groupFever groupMajor depressive disorderDeficit hyperactivity disorderObsessive-compulsive disorderDepressive disorderRisk factorsPsychiatric symptomsPsychiatric disordersChoreaFeverNeuropsychiatric disordersObsessive-compulsive symptomsRating ScaleHyperactivity disorderSymptomsDisordersADHD symptomsChildrenSemistructured interviews