2025
Autopsy: Infectious and Serious Communicable Diseases
Gill J, Brooks E. Autopsy: Infectious and Serious Communicable Diseases. 2025, 455-467. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-21441-7.00021-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHuman immunodeficiency virusViral hepatitis BRisk of occupational infectionOccupational infectionInfection control practicesForensic autopsy populationImmunodeficiency virusHepatitis BInfectious disease testingTuberculosis infectionInfectious disease test resultsDiagnostic accuracyPostexposure managementInfectionSARS-CoV-2Autopsy populationAutopsyMicrobiological testsEbola virusPostmortem examinationDisease testingInfectious diseasesLaboratory personnelPreventive measuresDeath
2021
Improvements in Toxicology Testing to Identify Fentanyl Analogs and Other Novel Synthetic Opioids in Fatal Drug Overdoses, Connecticut, January 2016–June 2019
Clinton HA, Thangada S, Gill JR, Mirizzi A, Logan SB. Improvements in Toxicology Testing to Identify Fentanyl Analogs and Other Novel Synthetic Opioids in Fatal Drug Overdoses, Connecticut, January 2016–June 2019. Public Health Reports 2021, 136: 80s-86s. PMID: 34726973, PMCID: PMC8573780, DOI: 10.1177/00333549211042829.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug overdose deathsOverdose deathsFatal drug overdosesToxicology testingDrug overdosesSynthetic opioidsFentanyl analogsNovel syntheticChief Medical ExaminerNovel synthetic opioidsToxicology resultsConnecticut OfficeTesting panelsStudy periodDeathOpioidsMedical examinersOverdosesToxicology laboratoriesToxicologyTotal occurrenceTestingYearsPrevalence
2020
Xylazine, a Veterinary Tranquilizer, Detected in 42 Accidental Fentanyl Intoxication Deaths.
Nunez J, DeJoseph ME, Gill JR. Xylazine, a Veterinary Tranquilizer, Detected in 42 Accidental Fentanyl Intoxication Deaths. American Journal Of Forensic Medicine & Pathology 2020, 42: 9-11. PMID: 33031124, DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000622.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChemical structureEmergency medicine physiciansFatal drug intoxicationLack of responseTransient hypertensionIntoxication deathsDrug intoxicationMuscle relaxationMedicine physiciansXylazineIllicit drugsFentanylPublic healthDrugsDeathVeterinary medicineAdulterantsHypotensionAnalgesiaHypertensionClonidineBradycardiaNaloxoneSedativesTherapyStructural abnormalities in the human diaphragm in drowning and hanging deaths: preliminary results
Girela-López E, Beltran-Aroca C, Jimena I, Pérez-Jorge P, Ramos-Medina V, Ruz-Caracuel I, Gill J, Peña-Amaro J. Structural abnormalities in the human diaphragm in drowning and hanging deaths: preliminary results. Forensic Science, Medicine And Pathology 2020, 16: 265-271. PMID: 32172482, DOI: 10.1007/s12024-020-00235-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRagged red fibersHistological changesStructural abnormalitiesCardiac death groupIntense muscle contractionNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductaseRespiratory musclesDeath groupDisease deathsMuscular changesCardiac diseaseMechanical traumaCytoarchitectural changesHematoxylin-eosinHuman diaphragmMuscle contractionHistochemical examinationSkeletal muscleBlood circulationRed fibersMuscle fibersConclusionsOur resultsIntense hypoxiaDeathLesser extent
2018
U.S. Medical Examiner/Coroner capability to handle highly infectious decedents
Le AB, Brooks EG, McNulty LA, Gill JR, Herstein JJ, Rios J, Patlovich SJ, Jelden KC, Schmid KK, Lowe JJ, Gibbs SG. U.S. Medical Examiner/Coroner capability to handle highly infectious decedents. Forensic Science, Medicine And Pathology 2018, 15: 31-40. PMID: 30402743, PMCID: PMC7090777, DOI: 10.1007/s12024-018-0043-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsME/COverall response rateElectronic surveyMedical examinersEvidence-based informationPersonal protective equipmentME/CsPersonal protective equipment selectionHalf of respondentsUnexpected deathResponse rateInfectious diseasesProtective equipmentStandardized educationDistrict of ColumbiaDecedentsDeathStandard operating proceduresDeceased personsExaminersHazard approachInfectionDisease
2016
The Certification of Fatalities Related to Diabetes Mellitus: A Shot in the Dark?
Gill J. The Certification of Fatalities Related to Diabetes Mellitus: A Shot in the Dark? Academic Forensic Pathology 2016, 6: 184-190. PMID: 31239890, PMCID: PMC6507004, DOI: 10.23907/2016.020.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPancreatitis: A Forensic Perspective
Gill J. Pancreatitis: A Forensic Perspective. Academic Forensic Pathology 2016, 6: 237-248. PMID: 31239895, PMCID: PMC6506996, DOI: 10.23907/2016.025.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchFrom Death to Death Certificate: What do the Dead say?
Gill JR. From Death to Death Certificate: What do the Dead say? Journal Of Medical Toxicology 2016, 13: 111-116. PMID: 27139707, PMCID: PMC5330954, DOI: 10.1007/s13181-016-0551-y.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchAn Underestimation of Heroin Deaths Due to the Use of “Acute Opiate Intoxication” on Death Certificates
Gill J, Vincent G, Toriello A, Nelson L. An Underestimation of Heroin Deaths Due to the Use of “Acute Opiate Intoxication” on Death Certificates. Academic Forensic Pathology 2016, 6: 114-121. PMID: 31239879, PMCID: PMC6474517, DOI: 10.23907/2016.012.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchHeroin deathsOpiate intoxicationIllicit substancesDeath certificate dataMajority of deathsPublic health agenciesHeroin fatalitiesMorphine intoxicationSpecific intoxicantsDrug intoxicationToxicology resultsDeath certificatesMorphine concentrationsCertificate dataPrevention strategiesToxicology reportsFatal intoxicationHealth agenciesIntoxicationToxicology testingDeathStudy sampleToxicological analysisToxicological investigationsScene investigation
2015
Bicyclist Fatalities in New York City
Jarvis H, Gill J. Bicyclist Fatalities in New York City. Academic Forensic Pathology 2015, 5: 667-675. DOI: 10.23907/2015.071.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchOverwhelming male predominanceDeath certificate databaseCause of deathBicyclist fatalitiesManner of deathPublic health considerationsBlunt injuryBlunt traumaMale predominanceAutopsy findingsMale bicyclistsEthanol intoxicationPostmortem examinationSurvival intervalEpidemiological patternsNew York CityToxicological resultsHigher numberDeathBody regionsMost fatalitiesHealth considerationsToxicological analysisYork CityFatalities
2014
National Association of Medical Examiners Position Paper: Recommendations for the Postmortem Assessment of Suspected Head Trauma in Infants and Young Children
Gill J, Andrew T, Gilliland M, Love J, Matshes E, Reichard R. National Association of Medical Examiners Position Paper: Recommendations for the Postmortem Assessment of Suspected Head Trauma in Infants and Young Children. Academic Forensic Pathology 2014, 4: 206-213. DOI: 10.23907/2014.032.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchInflicted head traumaHead traumaPostmortem examinationInfant deathAncillary laboratory testsMedical Examiners Position PaperManner of deathAncillary studiesPostmortem assessmentTraumaDeathForensic pathologistsMedical examinersYoung childrenInfantsCorrect certificationExaminationPosition paperLaboratory testsAssociationNational AssociationAvailable dataRecommendationsAdverse medical complications: an under-reported contributory cause of death in New York City
Gill J, Ely S, Toriello A, Hirsch C. Adverse medical complications: an under-reported contributory cause of death in New York City. Public Health 2014, 128: 325-331. PMID: 24679413, DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.12.003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsNew York City BureauAdverse medical eventsTherapeutic complicationsManner of deathMedical eventsVital statisticsCause of deathTimes more deathsDeath Certification SystemMedical Examiner's OfficeMedical examiner recordsSurgical complicationsRetrospective reviewAppropriate therapyPredictable complicationsDeath certificatesSurgical careComplicationsPreventative strategiesMore deathsMedical interventionsNew York CityContributory causeDeathHealthcare facilitiesThe syndrome of excited delirium
Gill J. The syndrome of excited delirium. Forensic Science, Medicine And Pathology 2014, 10: 223-228. PMID: 24526411, DOI: 10.1007/s12024-014-9530-2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAsphyxiaAutopsyConducted Energy Weapon InjuriesDeliriumDiagnosis, DifferentialDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsForensic MedicineHumansIrritantsOmega-ChloroacetophenonePhysical ExertionProfessional RolePsychomotor AgitationPsychotic DisordersRestraint, PhysicalStress, PhysiologicalSubstance-Related DisordersSyndromeWounds and InjuriesConceptsExcited delirium syndromeExcited deliriumBlunt traumaNatural diseaseNeck compressionPotential causesLife-threatening conditionCause of deathMedical examiner/coronerMechanism of deathMultiple potential causesDelirium syndromeAutopsy findingsDrug intoxicationPsychiatric illnessDeliriumFatal instancesPathologist's roleSyndromeDeathDiseaseCauseTraumaForensic pathologist’s roleVariety of factors
2013
Homicidal Neck Compression of Females: Autopsy and Sexual Assault Findings
Gill J, Cavalli D, Ely S, Stahl-Herz J. Homicidal Neck Compression of Females: Autopsy and Sexual Assault Findings. Academic Forensic Pathology 2013, 3: 454-457. DOI: 10.23907/2013.055.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchCause of deathNeck compressionExternal injuriesThyroid cartilage fractureSoft tissue injuriesMajority of deathsInternal examinationExternal neck injuryMedical examiner recordsCartilage fractureTissue injuryNeck injuriesThyroid cartilageInjuryPetechiaeSoft tissueDeathNeckDecedentsEyes/faceAsphyxiaCauseFemale homicidesExaminationSexual assaultPediatric Starvation by Neglect
Gill J. Pediatric Starvation by Neglect. Academic Forensic Pathology 2013, 3: 46-53. DOI: 10.23907/2013.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMedical history investigationCommon immediate causeThorough autopsy examinationMalnutrition/starvationManner of deathUntreated diseaseOrganic causeAutopsy examinationHistologic examinationSecondary infectionFatal child abuseVitreous analysisMalnutritionUnderlying causeAutopsy measurementsDeathInadequate feedingCauseDiseaseImmediate causeDeath investigation
2012
Fatal Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Antipsychotic Medication
Ely S, Neitzel A, Gill J. Fatal Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Antipsychotic Medication. Journal Of Forensic Sciences 2012, 58: 398-403. PMID: 23278567, DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12044.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsFatal diabetic ketoacidosisDiabetic ketoacidosisAntipsychotic medicationSecond-generation antipsychotic medicationsNew-onset diabetesGeneration antipsychotic medicationsAtypical antipsychotic medicationsCause of deathCertain antipsychotic medicationsMedical examiner recordsInitial presentationMajor depressionOnset diabetesDeath certificatesPsychiatric disordersMedicationsPsychiatric patientsDeathInvestigators' reportsToxicology dataKetoacidosisHyperglycemiaSchizophreniaImmediate causeCauseToddler Fatalities: The Terrible Twos
Gill J, Vincent G, Morotti R. Toddler Fatalities: The Terrible Twos. Academic Forensic Pathology 2012, 2: 332-337. DOI: 10.23907/2012.051.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchChief Medical ExaminerDifferential diagnosisMedical examinersNew York City OfficeDeath certificate dataCause of deathMedical examiner/coronerYears of ageThorough histologic examinationAsphyxial mechanismsSeizure disorderTherapeutic complicationsUndetermined causeChildhood deathsHistologic examinationCertificate dataToxin ingestionAccidental injuryUndetermined deathsDeathDiagnosisCoronersExaminersYear periodAgeClassical Mistakes in Forensic Toxicology Made by Forensic Pathologists
Gill J, Stajíc M. Classical Mistakes in Forensic Toxicology Made by Forensic Pathologists. Academic Forensic Pathology 2012, 2: 228-234. DOI: 10.23907/2012.034.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMedical historyForensic pathologistsCause of deathAppropriate clinical informationDecedent's medical historyThorough toxicological analysisPathologic contributionToxicologic resultsAutopsy findingsToxicology resultsDeath certificatesClinical informationDeath investigationDrug concentrationsForensic toxicologistsPathologistsDeathToxicology analysisAnalytical toxicologyToxicological analysisToxicologyToxicologistsForensic toxicologyThe Consistency and Advantage of Therapeutic Complication as a Manner of Death
Gill J, Maloney K, Hirsch C. The Consistency and Advantage of Therapeutic Complication as a Manner of Death. Academic Forensic Pathology 2012, 2: 176-181. DOI: 10.23907/2012.025.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchManner of deathMedical complicationsForensic pathologistsAppropriate medical therapyNon-TC groupFatal medical complicationsMedical therapyProcedural complicationsTherapeutic complicationsPredictable complicationsAllergic reactionsComplicationsDeathPathologistsAccidental mannerCase vignettesMedical malpracticeStandard mannerOptionsFatalities
2011
Fatal exsanguination from hemodialysis vascular access sites
Gill J, Storck K, Kelly S. Fatal exsanguination from hemodialysis vascular access sites. Forensic Science, Medicine And Pathology 2011, 8: 259-262. PMID: 22160736, DOI: 10.1007/s12024-011-9303-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsKidney failureHemodialysis vascular access sitesHypertensive cardiovascular diseaseVascular access siteExtensive blood lossFatal exsanguinationShunt pressureManner of deathBlood lossMedical complicationsTherapeutic complicationsCardiovascular diseaseAccess siteCommon causeVascular sitesShunt siteSubcutaneous locationDeath statementsHemorrhageDeathRapid deathComplicationsDiseaseExsanguinationCause