Effectiveness of β-Blockers in Heart Failure With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction and Chronic Kidney Disease
Chang TI, Yang J, Freeman JV, Hlatky MA, Go AS. Effectiveness of β-Blockers in Heart Failure With Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction and Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal Of Cardiac Failure 2013, 19: 176-182. PMID: 23482078, PMCID: PMC4126798, DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.01.006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsChronic kidney diseaseVentricular systolic dysfunctionΒ-blocker therapyHeart failure hospitalizationIncident heart failureHeart failureKidney diseaseSystolic dysfunctionFailure hospitalizationΒ-blockersLower riskKaiser Permanente Northern California systemLeft ventricular systolic dysfunctionLower crude riskCombined end pointΒ-blocker useGlomerular filtration rateAssociation of treatmentMultivariable adjustmentCrude riskMedication effectivenessCox regressionPotential confoundersFiltration rateMethodologic limitations