2020
Contribution of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B to Staphylococcus aureus Systemic Infection
Bae J, Da F, Liu R, He L, Lv H, Fisher E, Rajagopalan G, Li M, Cheung G, Otto M. Contribution of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B to Staphylococcus aureus Systemic Infection. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2020, 223: 1766-1775. PMID: 32937658, PMCID: PMC8161638, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa584.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStaphylococcal enterotoxin BS. aureus pathogenesisCommunity-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus infectionsMethicillin-resistant S. aureus infectionsEnterotoxin BS. aureus infectionMouse infection modelDrug development strategiesCytokine stormFatal exacerbationStaphylococcus aureus systemic infectionSuperantigenic toxinsAureus infectionMajor human pathogenST59 isolatesSystemic infectionInfection modelVirulence potentialInfectionStaphylococcus aureusPathogenesisHuman pathogensSEBExacerbationIsolates
2017
Concomitant Disruption of CD4 and CD8 Genes Facilitates the Development of Double Negative αβ TCR+ Peripheral T Cells That Respond Robustly to Staphylococcal Superantigen
Chowdhary VR, Krogman A, Tilahun AY, Alexander MP, David CS, Rajagopalan G. Concomitant Disruption of CD4 and CD8 Genes Facilitates the Development of Double Negative αβ TCR+ Peripheral T Cells That Respond Robustly to Staphylococcal Superantigen. The Journal Of Immunology 2017, 198: 4413-4424. PMID: 28468970, PMCID: PMC5471834, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601991.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDNT cellsDKO miceClass II moleculesΑβ TCRT cellsBacterial superantigensCD8 coreceptorIntact MHC class ILupus-like autoimmune diseaseEnterotoxin BHLA-DQ8 moleculesMHC class II moleculesAnti-nuclear AbsPeripheral T cellsDouble knockout miceMurine MHC class II moleculesMHC class IThymic positive selectionStaphylococcal enterotoxin BCD4/CD8 coreceptorsRegulatory cellsHLA-DR3Splenic CD3WT miceAutoimmune diseases
2013
Chronic Sub-Cutaneous Exposure to a Staphylococcus Aureus Superantigen, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B, Elicits an Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in HLA Class II Transgenic Mice - Linking Atopic Dermatitis (AD) to Asthma
Rajagopalan G, Tilahun A, Iijima K, Kita H. Chronic Sub-Cutaneous Exposure to a Staphylococcus Aureus Superantigen, Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B, Elicits an Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation in HLA Class II Transgenic Mice - Linking Atopic Dermatitis (AD) to Asthma. Journal Of Allergy And Clinical Immunology 2013, 131: ab331. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1559.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2012
Chronic Exposure to Staphylococcal Superantigen Elicits a Systemic Inflammatory Disease Mimicking Lupus
Chowdhary VR, Tilahun AY, Clark CR, Grande JP, Rajagopalan G. Chronic Exposure to Staphylococcal Superantigen Elicits a Systemic Inflammatory Disease Mimicking Lupus. The Journal Of Immunology 2012, 189: 2054-2062. PMID: 22798666, PMCID: PMC3462343, DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201097.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAutoantibodiesAutoantigensAutoimmune DiseasesCD28 AntigensCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFlow CytometryFluorescent Antibody TechniqueHLA-DQ AntigensHumansInfusions, SubcutaneousLupus Erythematosus, SystemicMiceMice, TransgenicStaphylococcus aureusSuperantigensConceptsSystemic lupus erythematosusT cellsChronic exposureStaphylococcal enterotoxin BLupus erythematosusMouse MHC class II moleculesHLA-DQ8 transgenic miceMultisystem autoimmune inflammatory diseaseEnterotoxin BHLA-DQ8 miceAutoimmune inflammatory diseaseMHC class II moleculesTh1-type cytokinesMini-osmotic pumpsMononuclear cell infiltrationAnti-nuclear AbsClass II moleculesAbsence of diseaseChronic nasalIL-12Inflammatory infiltrateAutoimmune diseasesCell infiltrationInflammatory diseasesPathogenic roleDetrimental effects of T regulatory cell-promoting IL-2-anti-IL-2 complexes in staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome. (164.13)
Rajagopalan G, Tilahun A. Detrimental effects of T regulatory cell-promoting IL-2-anti-IL-2 complexes in staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome. (164.13). The Journal Of Immunology 2012, 188: 164.13-164.13. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.164.13.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchToxic shock syndromeHLA-DR3 transgenic miceTreg numbersShock syndromeNon-menstrual toxic shock syndromeTransgenic miceCytokine/chemokine stormStaphylococcal toxic shock syndromeNumber of TregsMultiple organ failureStaphylococcal enterotoxin BChemokine stormMIP-1βOrgan failureMIP-1αUntreated groupSuperantigen exotoxinsDay 5Immune systemDay 0IL2CMiceEnterotoxin BStreptococcus pyogenesAdministration
2011
Chimeric Anti-Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Antibodies and Lovastatin Act Synergistically to Provide In Vivo Protection against Lethal Doses of SEB
Tilahun M, Kwan A, Natarajan K, Quinn M, Tilahun A, Xie C, Margulies D, Osborne B, Goldsby R, Rajagopalan G. Chimeric Anti-Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Antibodies and Lovastatin Act Synergistically to Provide In Vivo Protection against Lethal Doses of SEB. PLOS ONE 2011, 6: e27203. PMID: 22102880, PMCID: PMC3216929, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027203.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsToxic shock syndromeLethal toxic shock syndromeHLA-DR3 transgenic miceStaphylococcal enterotoxin BChimeric human-mouse antibodyShock syndromeT cellsVivo protectionTransgenic micePartial protectionComplete protectionLethal dosesT cell populationsClass II MHCSignificant partial protectionAnti-SEB antibodiesHuman T cellsOnly partial protectionInflammatory cytokinesClinical safetyII MHCB antibodiesVivo modelChimeric antibodyEnterotoxin B
2010
Potent Neutralization of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B by Synergistic Action of Chimeric Antibodies
Tilahun M, Rajagopalan G, Shah-Mahoney N, Lawlor R, Tilahun A, Xie C, Natarajan K, Margulies D, Ratner D, Osborne B, Goldsby R. Potent Neutralization of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B by Synergistic Action of Chimeric Antibodies. Infection And Immunity 2010, 78: 2801-2811. PMID: 20308304, PMCID: PMC2876561, DOI: 10.1128/iai.01121-09.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsStaphylococcal enterotoxin BT cell receptorT cell populationsT cell activationHLA-DR3 transgenic miceMouse mAbsHuman peripheral blood mononuclear cellsPeripheral blood mononuclear cellsEnterotoxin BCross-linking T-cell receptorsAntigen-independent proliferationClass II major histocompatibility complex moleculesBlood mononuclear cellsAntigen-presenting cellsChimeric human-mouse antibodyMajor histocompatibility complex moleculesT cell proliferationAntigen-independent activationHistocompatibility complex moleculesAnti-SEB antibodiesCytokine productionMononuclear cellsCytokine secretionMHC-IIPotent neutralization
2009
Early gene expression changes induced by the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B and its modulation by a proteasome inhibitor
Rajagopalan G, Tilahun A, Asmann Y, David C. Early gene expression changes induced by the bacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B and its modulation by a proteasome inhibitor. Physiological Genomics 2009, 37: 279-293. PMID: 19336531, PMCID: PMC2685500, DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.90385.2008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBoronic AcidsBortezomibCytokinesEnterotoxinsGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression RegulationHLA-DR alpha-ChainsHLA-DR AntigensInflammation MediatorsMiceMice, TransgenicOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisProtease InhibitorsPyrazinesReceptors, ChemokineReceptors, CytokineSignal TransductionSuperantigensConceptsToxic shock syndromePathogenesis of TSSStaphylococcal enterotoxin BBacterial superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin BSuperantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin BEnterotoxin BAdministration of bortezomibAnti-inflammatory mediatorsTh17-type cytokinesProteasome inhibitorsCytokines/chemokinesSerious systemic illnessTransgenic mouse modelSuitable animal modelEarly gene expression changesNF-kappaB pathwaySystemic illnessSerum levelsShock syndromeImmunoregulatory cytokinesBacterial superantigensCC chemokinesMouse modelVivo administrationAnimal models
2007
Derivation of synergistically acting, neutralizing, chimeric human-mouse anti-SEB monoclonal antibodies (47.35)
Tilahun M, Rajagopalan G, Osborne B, Goldsby R. Derivation of synergistically acting, neutralizing, chimeric human-mouse anti-SEB monoclonal antibodies (47.35). The Journal Of Immunology 2007, 178: s73-s73. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.47.35.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchStaphylococcal enterotoxin BEffects of SEBMonoclonal antibodiesChimeric human-mouse antibodyT cell proliferationSecretion of cytokinesT cell activationMouse monoclonal antibodySEB intoxicationHuman IVIgSynergistic neutralizationCell activationChimeric antibodyLower potencyAnti-SEB monoclonal antibodiesEnterotoxin BAntibodiesCell proliferationFood poisoningPotential agentSP2/0 cellsS. aureusNIH grantsCell linesHuman IgH
2006
Acute Systemic Immune Activation following Conjunctival Exposure to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B
Rajagopalan G, Smart M, Patel R, David C. Acute Systemic Immune Activation following Conjunctival Exposure to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B. Infection And Immunity 2006, 74: 6016-6019. PMID: 16988282, PMCID: PMC1594882, DOI: 10.1128/iai.00671-06.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2005
Endogenous Superantigens Shape Response to Exogenous Superantigens
Rajagopalan G, Singh M, Sen M, Murali N, Nath K, David C. Endogenous Superantigens Shape Response to Exogenous Superantigens. MSphere 2005, 12: 1119-1122. PMID: 16148182, PMCID: PMC1235787, DOI: 10.1128/cdli.12.9.1119-1122.2005.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2004
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Staphylococcal Superantigen Peptide Antagonists
Rajagopalan G, Sen M, David C. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Staphylococcal Superantigen Peptide Antagonists. Infection And Immunity 2004, 72: 6733-6737. PMID: 15501813, PMCID: PMC522998, DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.11.6733-6737.2004.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2002
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B‐induced activation and concomitant resistance to cell death in CD28‐deficient HLA‐DQ8 transgenic mice
Rajagopalan G, Smart M, Marietta E, David C. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B‐induced activation and concomitant resistance to cell death in CD28‐deficient HLA‐DQ8 transgenic mice. International Immunology 2002, 14: 801-812. PMID: 12096040, DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxf047.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsT cellsStaphylococcal enterotoxin BHLA-DQ8IFN-gammaTransgenic miceEnterotoxin BBALB/c splenocytesDQ8 transgenic miceSerum IFN-gammaLess IL-2IL-6 productionAbsence of CD28Role of CD28Activation-induced cell deathCertain effector functionsIL-10Lethal shockIL-2IL-4Immune responseEffector functionsConcomitant resistanceCD28Nitric oxideMice