2014
Minimal Diversity of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains, South Africa - Volume 20, Number 3—March 2014 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Gandhi NR, Brust JC, Moodley P, Weissman D, Heo M, Ning Y, Moll AP, Friedland GH, Sturm AW, Shah NS. Minimal Diversity of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains, South Africa - Volume 20, Number 3—March 2014 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2014, 20: 394-401. PMID: 24565645, PMCID: PMC3944869, DOI: 10.3201/eid2003.131083.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsXDR-TB casesMDR-TBXDR-TBTB casesDrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strainsInfectious Diseases journal - CDCDrug-susceptible TBDrug-resistant tuberculosisNon-Beijing strainsDrug-susceptible isolatesMycobacterium tuberculosis strainsStrain typesStrain prevalenceRetrospective studyHigh incidenceBeijing strainsTuberculosis strainsSpoligotype patternsPredominant strainMultidrugStrongest predictorMortalityTBSurvivalHIVIntensified specimen collection to improve tuberculosis diagnosis in children from Rural South Africa, an observational study
Thomas TA, Heysell SK, Moodley P, Montreuil R, Ha X, Friedland G, Bamber SA, Moll AP, Gandhi N, Brant WE, Sturm W, Shah S. Intensified specimen collection to improve tuberculosis diagnosis in children from Rural South Africa, an observational study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2014, 14: 11. PMID: 24400822, PMCID: PMC3890632, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-11.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug susceptibility testingGastric aspiratesTB suspectsObservational studySpecimen collectionDrug-susceptible TBNew TB suspectsPediatric TB suspectsTB treatment historyXDR-TB casesMultiple specimen typesYears of ageSame-day methodTB settingsInduced sputumPersistent symptomsSputum inductionTB treatmentHIV statusNegative childrenTB diagnosisUrine cultureMean ageInpatient settingDiagnostic yield
2012
Nosocomial Transmission of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a Rural Hospital in South Africa
Gandhi NR, Weissman D, Moodley P, Ramathal M, Elson I, Kreiswirth BN, Mathema B, Shashkina E, Rothenberg R, Moll AP, Friedland G, Sturm AW, Shah NS. Nosocomial Transmission of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a Rural Hospital in South Africa. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2012, 207: 9-17. PMID: 23166374, PMCID: PMC3523793, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis631.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAntitubercular AgentsCluster AnalysisCross InfectionDrug Therapy, CombinationEthambutolExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleGenotypeHIV InfectionsHospitals, RuralHumansIsoniazidMaleMutationMycobacterium tuberculosisPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthPrevalencePyrazinamideRetrospective StudiesRifampinSequence Analysis, DNASouth AfricaConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisHuman immunodeficiency virusNosocomial transmissionEpidemiologic linkExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisPoor infection controlSmear-positive tuberculosisMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisHigh HIV prevalencePoint-source outbreakGlobal public health threatPublic health threatResistance-determining regionXDR tuberculosisImmunodeficiency virusHIV prevalenceObservational studyInfection controlRural hospitalsPatientsTuberculosisTugela FerryFragment length polymorphism analysisHealth threatRestriction fragment length polymorphism analysis
2011
Increasing Drug Resistance in Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, South Africa - Volume 17, Number 3—March 2011 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Shah NS, Richardson J, Moodley P, Moodley S, Babaria P, Ramtahal M, Heysell SK, Li X, Moll AP, Friedland G, Sturm AW, Gandhi NR. Increasing Drug Resistance in Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, South Africa - Volume 17, Number 3—March 2011 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2011, 17: 510-513. PMID: 21392446, PMCID: PMC3166021, DOI: 10.3201/eid1703.101363.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisTuberculosis drug susceptibility testingDrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosisInfectious Diseases journal - CDCDrug-resistant TBDrug-resistant tuberculosisDrug susceptibility testingEffective treatmentAvailable drugsDrug resistanceSusceptibility testingMycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosisDrugsPatientsRapid Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Multidrug Resistance by the Microscopic-Observation Drug-Susceptibility Assay
Shah NS, Moodley P, Babaria P, Moodley S, Ramtahal M, Richardson J, Heysell S, Li X, Moll A, Friedland G, Sturm AW, Gandhi NR. Rapid Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Multidrug Resistance by the Microscopic-Observation Drug-Susceptibility Assay. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2011, 183: 1427-1433. PMID: 21297071, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201009-1449oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug susceptibility testingMDR-TB diagnosisMDR-TBHIV statusMultidrug-resistant (MDR) TBProportion methodRapid diagnosisProspective diagnostic accuracy studyAdult TB suspectsMicroscopic-Observation DrugReference standard cultureMedian CD4 countPatient's HIV statusHIV prevalence settingsIndirect proportion methodMycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) cultureMedian turnaround timeResource-limited settingsReference standardDiagnostic accuracy studiesCD4 countMycobacterium tuberculosis detectionConsecutive adultsTB suspectsHIV prevalence
2010
Blood cultures for the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients from rural South Africa: a cross-sectional study
Heysell SK, Thomas TA, Gandhi NR, Moll AP, Eksteen FJ, Coovadia Y, Roux L, Babaria P, Lalloo U, Friedland G, Shah S. Blood cultures for the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients from rural South Africa: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2010, 10: 344. PMID: 21134279, PMCID: PMC3016377, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-344.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMiddle AgedMycobacterium tuberculosisRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsRural PopulationSouth AfricaSputumYoung AdultConceptsDrug-resistant TBMycobacterial blood culturesDrug-resistant tuberculosisBlood culturesXDR-TBRural South AfricaMDR-TBM. tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremiaCross-sectional studyPositive blood culturesDiagnosis of MDRCross-sectional analysisAntiretroviral therapySecondary outcomesSputum cultureTB suspectsRisk factorsPatientsHIVTuberculosisDiagnosisTBSimilar settingsBacteremiaExtensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in children with human immunodeficiency virus in rural South Africa.
Thomas TA, Shenoi SV, Heysell SK, Eksteen FJ, Sunkari VB, Gandhi NR, Friedland G, Shah NS. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in children with human immunodeficiency virus in rural South Africa. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2010, 14: 1244-51. PMID: 20843414, PMCID: PMC3030274.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusXDR-TB diagnosisXDR-TBDrug-resistant tuberculosisPediatric wardImmunodeficiency virusRural South AfricaXDR-TB patientsXDR-TB treatmentActive antiretroviral therapySputum culture conversionNeuropsychiatric side effectsHospital pediatric wardInfection control policiesCulture conversionAntiretroviral therapyRadiographic improvementNosocomial transmissionOverlapping toxicitiesMicrobiologic dataHIV treatmentMedical recordsMicrobiologic diagnosisHIV therapyPrevious historyPharmacokinetics and Whole-Blood Bactericidal Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis of Single Doses of PNU-100480 in Healthy Volunteers
Wallis RS, Jakubiec WM, Kumar V, Silvia AM, Paige D, Dimitrova D, Li X, Ladutko L, Campbell S, Friedland G, Mitton-Fry M, Miller PF. Pharmacokinetics and Whole-Blood Bactericidal Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis of Single Doses of PNU-100480 in Healthy Volunteers. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2010, 202: 745-751. PMID: 20629533, DOI: 10.1086/655471.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcetamidesAntitubercular AgentsDose-Response Relationship, DrugHumansLinezolidMycobacterium tuberculosisOxazolidinonesSerum Bactericidal TestTreatment OutcomeConceptsWhole-blood bactericidal activityMean maximal concentrationPNU-100480Single dosesMinimum inhibitory concentrationHealthy volunteersBactericidal activityMycobacterium tuberculosisExperimental murine tuberculosisSingle ascending dosesSingle oral dosesDrug-resistant tuberculosisMaximal concentrationInhibitory concentrationAscending dosesMurine tuberculosisExposure of parentsOral dosesDaily dosesLog/dayLinezolidDrug concentrationsTuberculosisMycobactericidal activityDosesExtensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Aspirates, Rural South Africa - Volume 16, Number 3—March 2010 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Heysell SK, Moll AP, Gandhi NR, Eksteen F, Babaria P, Coovadia Y, Roux L, Lalloo U, Friedland G, Shah NS, Heysell S, Moll A, Gandhi N, Eksteen F, Babaria P, Coovadia Y, Roux L, Lalloo U, Friedland G, Shah N, Heysell S, Moll A, Gandhi N, Eksteen F, Babaria P, Coovadia Y, Roux L, Lalloo U, Friedland G, Shah N. Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Aspirates, Rural South Africa - Volume 16, Number 3—March 2010 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2010, 16: 557-560. PMID: 20202446, PMCID: PMC3322040, DOI: 10.3201/eid1603.091486.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAntitubercular AgentsBiopsy, Fine-NeedleCulture MediaDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansLymph NodesMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMycobacterium tuberculosisPleural EffusionRural PopulationSouth Africa
2009
Tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: Drug Resistance and the Critical Need for Better Diagnostics
Friedland G. Tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: Drug Resistance and the Critical Need for Better Diagnostics. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2009, 48: 677-679. PMID: 19191656, DOI: 10.1086/596765.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsDrug Resistance, BacterialHumansImmune Reconstitution Inflammatory SyndromeMycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosis
2008
Exogenous Reinfection as a Cause of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Rural South Africa
Andrews JR, Gandhi NR, Moodley P, Shah NS, Bohlken L, Moll AP, Pillay M, Friedland G, Sturm AW, Collaboration O. Exogenous Reinfection as a Cause of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Rural South Africa. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2008, 198: 1582-1589. PMID: 18847372, DOI: 10.1086/592991.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAntitubercular AgentsExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleGenotypeHIV InfectionsHumansMaleMiddle AgedMycobacterium tuberculosisSouth AfricaTuberculosis, PulmonaryConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisXDR tuberculosisExogenous reinfectionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionEffective infection control strategiesInitial isolatesCause of MDRTB treatment programsTransmission of MDRCulture-positive tuberculosisHIV infection statusImmunodeficiency virus infectionInfection control strategiesDevelopment of MDRResistant tuberculosisMultidrug-ResistantHigh prevalenceVirus infectionPatientsReinfectionRural South AfricaTreatment programTuberculosisInfection statusTugela Ferry
2006
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area of South Africa
Gandhi NR, Moll A, Sturm AW, Pawinski R, Govender T, Lalloo U, Zeller K, Andrews J, Friedland G. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area of South Africa. The Lancet 2006, 368: 1575-1580. PMID: 17084757, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69573-1.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisCo-infected patientsXDR tuberculosisMDR tuberculosisHIV co-infected patientsCulture-confirmed tuberculosisRecent hospital admissionTime of diagnosisSecond-line drugsDrug susceptibility testingCause of deathDate of deathHigh mortality rateAntiretroviral therapyMedian survivalHospital admissionSputum cultureHIV-1PatientsMortality rateHigh mortalityUrgent interventionTreatment programTuberculosisSusceptibility testing
2004
Therapeutic Response of HIV-1 Subtype C in African Patients Coinfected with either Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Human Herpesvirus-8
Cassol E, Page T, Mosam A, Friedland G, Jack C, Lalloo U, Kopetka J, Patterson B, Esterhuizen T, Coovadia HM. Therapeutic Response of HIV-1 Subtype C in African Patients Coinfected with either Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Human Herpesvirus-8. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2004, 191: 324-332. PMID: 15633090, DOI: 10.1086/427337.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAnti-HIV AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHerpesvirus 8, HumanHIV InfectionsHIV-1HumansMaleMiddle AgedMycobacterium tuberculosisReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsRNA, ViralSarcoma, KaposiTreatment OutcomeTuberculosis, PulmonaryViral LoadConceptsKaposi's sarcomaHIV-1Opportunistic infectionsViral loadAfrican patientsUndetectable HIV-1 RNA levelsCell countHIV-1 RNA levelsPlasma HIV-1 levelsHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionHIV-1 subtype CKaplan-Meier survival analysisMycobacterium tuberculosisHIV-1 levelsImmunodeficiency virus infectionProportion of patientsTarget cell availabilityHuman herpesvirus 8Immune activationTreatment regimensSubtype CTherapeutic responseTreatment outcomesVirus infectionHerpesvirus 8
1990
The Recovery of Mycobacterium avium Complex and Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Blood Specimens of AIDS Patients Using the Nonradiometric BACTEC NR 660 Medium
Motyl M, Saltzman B, Levi M, Mckitrick J, Friedland G, Klein R. The Recovery of Mycobacterium avium Complex and Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Blood Specimens of AIDS Patients Using the Nonradiometric BACTEC NR 660 Medium. American Journal Of Clinical Pathology 1990, 94: 84-86. PMID: 2113765, DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/94.1.84.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeBacteriological TechniquesCulture MediaFemaleHumansMaleMycobacterium avium ComplexMycobacterium tuberculosisConceptsAIDS patientsMycobacterium avium complexAvium complexBlood culturesMycobacterial mediaM. tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosisFemale AIDS patientsAcid-fast stainAliquots of mediumM. avium complexMale patientsFast stainBlood specimensPositive culturesBlood culture mediaPatientsTuberculosisMicrobiology laboratoryMycobacterial growthSignificant differencesMycobacteriaReference strainsPercentBacteremia
1986
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacteremia in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Saltzman B, Motyl M, Friedland G, McKitrick J, Klein R. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacteremia in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. JAMA 1986, 256: 390-391. PMID: 3088290, DOI: 10.1001/jama.1986.03380030092036.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeAdultAntitubercular AgentsHumansMaleMycobacterium tuberculosisSepsisTuberculosisConceptsAcquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeImmunodeficiency syndromeCellular immunityM tuberculosisMycobacterium avium-intracellulare infectionDisease Control case definitionMycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremiaIntravenous drug abusersUnusual malignant neoplasmFive-year historyIntravenous heroinOpportunistic infectionsDisseminated infectionMalignant neoplasmsCase definitionBacteremiaCocaine abuseDrug abusersBacterial infectionsInfectionMycobacterium tuberculosisWeight lossTuberculosisPatientsSyndrome