2015
Care of the patient with XDR-TB who has failed treatment
Jacobson KB, Tate M, Eksteen F, Moll A, Padayatchi N, Friedland G, Shenoi S. Care of the patient with XDR-TB who has failed treatment. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2015, 3: 269-270. PMID: 25890645, PMCID: PMC4498160, DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00109-5.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2014
Intensified specimen collection to improve tuberculosis diagnosis in children from Rural South Africa, an observational study
Thomas TA, Heysell SK, Moodley P, Montreuil R, Ha X, Friedland G, Bamber SA, Moll AP, Gandhi N, Brant WE, Sturm W, Shah S. Intensified specimen collection to improve tuberculosis diagnosis in children from Rural South Africa, an observational study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2014, 14: 11. PMID: 24400822, PMCID: PMC3890632, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-11.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsChildChild, PreschoolExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleGastrointestinal ContentsHIV SeropositivityHumansInfantMaleMycobacterium tuberculosisRural PopulationSouth AfricaSpecimen HandlingSputumTuberculosisConceptsDrug susceptibility testingGastric aspiratesTB suspectsObservational studySpecimen collectionDrug-susceptible TBNew TB suspectsPediatric TB suspectsTB treatment historyXDR-TB casesMultiple specimen typesYears of ageSame-day methodTB settingsInduced sputumPersistent symptomsSputum inductionTB treatmentHIV statusNegative childrenTB diagnosisUrine cultureMean ageInpatient settingDiagnostic yield
2012
Nosocomial Transmission of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a Rural Hospital in South Africa
Gandhi NR, Weissman D, Moodley P, Ramathal M, Elson I, Kreiswirth BN, Mathema B, Shashkina E, Rothenberg R, Moll AP, Friedland G, Sturm AW, Shah NS. Nosocomial Transmission of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a Rural Hospital in South Africa. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2012, 207: 9-17. PMID: 23166374, PMCID: PMC3523793, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis631.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAntitubercular AgentsCluster AnalysisCross InfectionDrug Therapy, CombinationEthambutolExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleGenotypeHIV InfectionsHospitals, RuralHumansIsoniazidMaleMutationMycobacterium tuberculosisPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthPrevalencePyrazinamideRetrospective StudiesRifampinSequence Analysis, DNASouth AfricaConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisHuman immunodeficiency virusNosocomial transmissionEpidemiologic linkExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisPoor infection controlSmear-positive tuberculosisMultidrug-resistant tuberculosisHigh HIV prevalencePoint-source outbreakGlobal public health threatPublic health threatResistance-determining regionXDR tuberculosisImmunodeficiency virusHIV prevalenceObservational studyInfection controlRural hospitalsPatientsTuberculosisTugela FerryFragment length polymorphism analysisHealth threatRestriction fragment length polymorphism analysisSurvival from XDR-TB Is Associated with Modifiable Clinical Characteristics in Rural South Africa
Shenoi SV, Brooks RP, Barbour R, Altice FL, Zelterman D, Moll AP, Master I, van der Merwe TL, Friedland GH. Survival from XDR-TB Is Associated with Modifiable Clinical Characteristics in Rural South Africa. PLOS ONE 2012, 7: e31786. PMID: 22412840, PMCID: PMC3295798, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031786.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveAntitubercular AgentsCase-Control StudiesCoinfectionExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSouth AfricaConceptsXDR-TB patientsDrug-resistant tuberculosisRetrospective case-control studyXDR-TB casesCommunity-based hospitalCase-control studyGlobal public healthHIV coinfectionMicrobiological correlatesModifiable factorsAvailable interventionsRural South AfricaControl studyPatientsTuberculosisPublic healthSurvivorsSurvivalDaysHospitalMortalityRisk factors for mortality among MDR- and XDR-TB patients in a high HIV prevalence setting
Gandhi N, Andrews J, Brust J, Montreuil R, Weissman D, Heo M, Moll A, Friedland G, Shah N. Risk factors for mortality among MDR- and XDR-TB patients in a high HIV prevalence setting. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2012, 16: 90-97. PMID: 22236852, PMCID: PMC3302205, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0153.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAnti-Retroviral AgentsAntitubercular AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountCoinfectionDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansMaleMarkov ChainsMonte Carlo MethodPrevalencePrognosisProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSouth AfricaSurvival AnalysisTime FactorsTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantTuberculosis, PulmonaryConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusXDR-TB patientsRisk factorsAntiretroviral therapyXDR-TBDrug-resistant (XDR) TBImmunosuppressed human immunodeficiency virusStrong independent risk factorHigh HIV prevalence settingsMDR-TB patientsTB treatment programsIndependent risk factorYear of diagnosisDrug-resistant tuberculosisHIV prevalence settingsCells/Principal risk factorsCase-control studyAmplification of resistanceHigh mortality rateART initiationHIV testingImmunodeficiency virusPrevalence settingsMortality rate
2011
Household contact investigation of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence setting
Vella V, Racalbuto V, Guerra R, Marra C, Moll A, Mhlanga Z, Maluleke M, Mhlope H, Margot B, Friedland G, Shah N, Gandhi N. Household contact investigation of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence setting. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2011, 15: 1170-1175. PMID: 21943840, DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0781.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAntitubercular AgentsExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFamily CharacteristicsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHIV InfectionsHumansIncidenceMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedPrevalenceProspective StudiesSouth AfricaTime FactorsTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantYoung AdultConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisHousehold contactsXDR-TBIndex caseMDR-TBPrevalence settingsHigh human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence settingsMDR-TB index casesHigh HIV prevalence settingsAdult household contactsHousehold contact investigationIndex case diagnosisMost secondary casesHIV prevalence settingsRate of MDRDrug susceptibility testingDiagnosis of MDRPublic health activitiesActive tuberculosisNosocomial transmissionContact investigationMedian timeIncidence rateSecondary casesObservational studySpread of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Moodley P, Shah NS, Tayob N, Connolly C, Zetola N, Gandhi N, Friedland G, Sturm AW. Spread of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. PLOS ONE 2011, 6: e17513. PMID: 21655324, PMCID: PMC3104985, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017513.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAntitubercular AgentsCross-Sectional StudiesEthambutolExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisHumansIsoniazidKanamycinMicrobial Sensitivity TestsOfloxacinRifampinSouth AfricaStreptomycinConceptsMDR-TB casesDrug-resistant tuberculosisXDR-TB casesXDR-TBDrug susceptibility test resultsExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisMDR tuberculosis casesMDR-TB patientsXDR-TB patientsCulture-confirmed casesProvincial referral hospitalCross-sectional studyKwaZulu-Natal ProvinceSource of infectionTB casesNumber of hospitalsReferral hospitalSputum cultureTuberculosis casesScotland hospitalsPatientsHealthcare districtsHospitalClinical diagnosisLaboratory databaseIncreasing Drug Resistance in Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, South Africa - Volume 17, Number 3—March 2011 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Shah NS, Richardson J, Moodley P, Moodley S, Babaria P, Ramtahal M, Heysell SK, Li X, Moll AP, Friedland G, Sturm AW, Gandhi NR. Increasing Drug Resistance in Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, South Africa - Volume 17, Number 3—March 2011 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2011, 17: 510-513. PMID: 21392446, PMCID: PMC3166021, DOI: 10.3201/eid1703.101363.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAntitubercular AgentsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleHumansMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedMycobacterium tuberculosisSouth AfricaTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantYoung AdultConceptsExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisTuberculosis drug susceptibility testingDrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosisInfectious Diseases journal - CDCDrug-resistant TBDrug-resistant tuberculosisDrug susceptibility testingEffective treatmentAvailable drugsDrug resistanceSusceptibility testingMycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosisDrugsPatients
2010
Predictors of Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a High HIV Prevalence Community
Andrews JR, Shah NS, Weissman D, Moll AP, Friedland G, Gandhi NR. Predictors of Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a High HIV Prevalence Community. PLOS ONE 2010, 5: e15735. PMID: 21209951, PMCID: PMC3012092, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015735.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultCase-Control StudiesCommunicable Disease ControlExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansMaleOdds RatioPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesRiskRisk FactorsSouth AfricaTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisTB treatment failureXDR-TBHIV prevalence settingsRisk factorsTreatment failureOdds ratioMDR/XDR-TBOnly significant risk factorRetrospective case-control studyDrug resistanceMDR-TB patientsSignificant risk factorsStrong risk factorMultivariate logistic regressionTB drug resistanceCase-control studyHigh HIV prevalence communitiesDemographic risk factorsDrug susceptibility testing methodsHIV prevalence communitiesTB settingsClinical deteriorationMDR-TBTB treatmentBlood cultures for the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients from rural South Africa: a cross-sectional study
Heysell SK, Thomas TA, Gandhi NR, Moll AP, Eksteen FJ, Coovadia Y, Roux L, Babaria P, Lalloo U, Friedland G, Shah S. Blood cultures for the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients from rural South Africa: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2010, 10: 344. PMID: 21134279, PMCID: PMC3016377, DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-10-344.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMiddle AgedMycobacterium tuberculosisRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsRural PopulationSouth AfricaSputumYoung AdultConceptsDrug-resistant TBMycobacterial blood culturesDrug-resistant tuberculosisBlood culturesXDR-TBRural South AfricaMDR-TBM. tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremiaCross-sectional studyPositive blood culturesDiagnosis of MDRCross-sectional analysisAntiretroviral therapySecondary outcomesSputum cultureTB suspectsRisk factorsPatientsHIVTuberculosisDiagnosisTBSimilar settingsBacteremiaExtensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in children with human immunodeficiency virus in rural South Africa.
Thomas TA, Shenoi SV, Heysell SK, Eksteen FJ, Sunkari VB, Gandhi NR, Friedland G, Shah NS. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in children with human immunodeficiency virus in rural South Africa. The International Journal Of Tuberculosis And Lung Disease 2010, 14: 1244-51. PMID: 20843414, PMCID: PMC3030274.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusXDR-TB diagnosisXDR-TBDrug-resistant tuberculosisPediatric wardImmunodeficiency virusRural South AfricaXDR-TB patientsXDR-TB treatmentActive antiretroviral therapySputum culture conversionNeuropsychiatric side effectsHospital pediatric wardInfection control policiesCulture conversionAntiretroviral therapyRadiographic improvementNosocomial transmissionOverlapping toxicitiesMicrobiologic dataHIV treatmentMedical recordsMicrobiologic diagnosisHIV therapyPrevious historyExtensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Aspirates, Rural South Africa - Volume 16, Number 3—March 2010 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Heysell SK, Moll AP, Gandhi NR, Eksteen F, Babaria P, Coovadia Y, Roux L, Lalloo U, Friedland G, Shah NS, Heysell S, Moll A, Gandhi N, Eksteen F, Babaria P, Coovadia Y, Roux L, Lalloo U, Friedland G, Shah N, Heysell S, Moll A, Gandhi N, Eksteen F, Babaria P, Coovadia Y, Roux L, Lalloo U, Friedland G, Shah N. Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Aspirates, Rural South Africa - Volume 16, Number 3—March 2010 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2010, 16: 557-560. PMID: 20202446, PMCID: PMC3322040, DOI: 10.3201/eid1603.091486.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAntitubercular AgentsBiopsy, Fine-NeedleCulture MediaDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansLymph NodesMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMycobacterium tuberculosisPleural EffusionRural PopulationSouth Africa
2009
HIV Coinfection in Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Results in High Early Mortality
Gandhi NR, Shah NS, Andrews JR, Vella V, Moll AP, Scott M, Weissman D, Marra C, Lalloo UG, Friedland GH. HIV Coinfection in Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Results in High Early Mortality. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine 2009, 181: 80-86. PMID: 19833824, DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200907-0989oc.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleSouth AfricaConceptsXDR-TB casesHIV coinfection rateXDR-TB patientsOne-year mortalityTB casesXDR-TBTB patientsMDR-TBSputum collectionDrug-resistant tuberculosis epidemicHigh HIV prevalence regionsDrug susceptibility test resultsYear of diagnosisRetrospective observational studyHigh early mortalityAvailable medical recordsMajority of deathsHIV coinfectionAntiretroviral therapyHIV statusEarly mortalityMedical recordsTuberculosis resultsEarly initiationObservational studyExtensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A New Face to an Old Pathogen
Shenoi S, Friedland G. Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A New Face to an Old Pathogen. Annual Review Of Medicine 2009, 60: 307-320. PMID: 19630575, PMCID: PMC3013225, DOI: 10.1146/annurev.med.60.053107.103955.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMultidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: consequences for the global HIV community
Shenoi S, Heysell S, Moll A, Friedland G. Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: consequences for the global HIV community. Current Opinion In Infectious Diseases 2009, 22: 11-17. PMID: 19532076, PMCID: PMC3013226, DOI: 10.1097/qco.0b013e3283210020.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsCase ManagementExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisHIV InfectionsHumansIncidenceTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisHIV patientsHIV communityIntegration of tuberculosisIndependent risk factorCourse of treatmentCommunity-based treatmentHIV careNew rapid diagnosticsRisk factorsClinical careNegative individualsTuberculosisPatientsMultidrugRapid diagnosticsCareTreatmentSusceptibility informationMorbidityHIVInfectionMortalityPhysicians
2008
Exogenous Reinfection as a Cause of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Rural South Africa
Andrews JR, Gandhi NR, Moodley P, Shah NS, Bohlken L, Moll AP, Pillay M, Friedland G, Sturm AW, Collaboration O. Exogenous Reinfection as a Cause of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Rural South Africa. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2008, 198: 1582-1589. PMID: 18847372, DOI: 10.1086/592991.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultAntitubercular AgentsExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFemaleGenotypeHIV InfectionsHumansMaleMiddle AgedMycobacterium tuberculosisSouth AfricaTuberculosis, PulmonaryConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisXDR tuberculosisExogenous reinfectionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionEffective infection control strategiesInitial isolatesCause of MDRTB treatment programsTransmission of MDRCulture-positive tuberculosisHIV infection statusImmunodeficiency virus infectionInfection control strategiesDevelopment of MDRResistant tuberculosisMultidrug-ResistantHigh prevalenceVirus infectionPatientsReinfectionRural South AfricaTreatment programTuberculosisInfection statusTugela Ferry
2007
Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Implications for the HIV Epidemic and Antiretroviral Therapy Rollout in South Africa
Andrews JR, Shah NS, Gandhi N, Moll T, Friedland G. Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Implications for the HIV Epidemic and Antiretroviral Therapy Rollout in South Africa. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2007, 196: s482-s490. PMID: 18181698, DOI: 10.1086/521121.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisHIV InfectionsHumansSouth AfricaTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantConceptsDrug-resistant tuberculosisMDR-TBHIV epidemicXDR-TBDrug-resistant (XDR) TBMultidrug-resistant (MDR) TBMDR-TB treatment programmeTB treatment success rateHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectionAntiretroviral therapy rolloutXDR-TB epidemicImmunodeficiency virus infectionTreatment success rateDrug resistance surveillanceDrug resistance testingPublic health challengeAirborne infection controlPublic health infrastructureHIV programsMultidrug-ResistantHigh prevalenceVirus infectionInfection controlTreatment programTuberculosis