1996
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing ractor in Tourette's syndrome: Comparison to obsessive compulsive disorder and normal controls
Chappell P, Leckman J, Goodman W, Bissette G, Pauls D, Anderson G, Riddle M, Scahill L, McDougle C, Cohen D. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing ractor in Tourette's syndrome: Comparison to obsessive compulsive disorder and normal controls. Biological Psychiatry 1996, 39: 776-783. PMID: 8731518, DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00221-9.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCorticotropin-releasing factorCSF corticotropin-releasing factorTourette syndromeObsessive-compulsive disorderNormal controlsCerebrospinal fluidPathobiology of TSOCD patientsMedication-free outpatientsCompulsive disorderLumbar cerebrospinal fluidNoradrenergic mechanismsHealthy controlsTS patientsObsessive-compulsive behaviorTic severityCardinal featuresClinical ratingsPatientsSyndromeRelated conditionsStandardized fashionNeurobiological mechanismsGroup differencesDisorders
1994
Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Oxytocin in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Comparison With Tourette's Syndrome and Healthy Controls
Leckman J, Goodman W, North W, Chappell P, Price L, Pauls D, Anderson G, Riddle M, McSwiggan-Hardin M, McDougle C, Barr L, Cohen D. Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Oxytocin in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Comparison With Tourette's Syndrome and Healthy Controls. JAMA Psychiatry 1994, 51: 782-792. PMID: 7524462, DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950100030003.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsCerebrospinal fluid levelsObsessive-compulsive disorderCSF oxytocin levelsTourette syndromeArginine vasopressinFamily historyFluid levelsElevated cerebrospinal fluid levelsTic-related obsessive-compulsive disorderOxytocin levelsSubgroup of patientsSubset of patientsElevated CSF levelsCentral arginine vasopressinSubtype of OCDCSF levelsFamily genetic dataHealthy controlsTic disordersForms of OCDPatientsRelated syndromesCurrent severitySyndromeFamily study data