2017
Molecular and Epigenetic Mechanisms for the Complex Effects of Stress on Synaptic Physiology and Cognitive Functions
Yuen EY, Wei J, Yan Z. Molecular and Epigenetic Mechanisms for the Complex Effects of Stress on Synaptic Physiology and Cognitive Functions. The International Journal Of Neuropsychopharmacology 2017, 20: 948-955. PMID: 29016816, PMCID: PMC5737802, DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx052.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEpigenetic mechanismsReceptor membrane traffickingStress-induced regulationSynaptic physiologyMembrane traffickingEpigenetic controlCytoskeleton networkGene expressionKey moleculesComplex effectsStress-related mental disordersPresynaptic glutamate releaseExcitatory synaptic transmissionStress-induced modulationPhysiologyGlutamatergic transmissionGlutamate releaseSynaptic transmissionBiphasic effectAnimal studiesComplex changesMental disordersBrain regionsChronic stressStress hormones
2015
Estrogen in prefrontal cortex blocks stress-induced cognitive impairments in female rats
Yuen EY, Wei J, Yan Z. Estrogen in prefrontal cortex blocks stress-induced cognitive impairments in female rats. The Journal Of Steroid Biochemistry And Molecular Biology 2015, 160: 221-226. PMID: 26321384, PMCID: PMC4769981, DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.08.028.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrefrontal cortexPFC of femalesStress-induced cognitive impairmentGlutamate receptor surface expressionSame stress paradigmCognitive behaviorMemory impairmentCognitive impairmentGlutamatergic deficitsStress paradigmFemale ratsLevels of aromataseContribution of estrogenNormal synaptic functionImpairmentReceptor surface expressionBiosynthesis of estrogensGlutamatergic transmissionPyramidal neuronsMale ratsEstrogen receptorCognitionHuman studiesProtective roleSynaptic functionThe role of ventral striatal cAMP signaling in stress-induced behaviors
Plattner F, Hayashi K, Hernández A, Benavides DR, Tassin TC, Tan C, Day J, Fina MW, Yuen EY, Yan Z, Goldberg MS, Nairn AC, Greengard P, Nestler EJ, Taussig R, Nishi A, Houslay MD, Bibb JA. The role of ventral striatal cAMP signaling in stress-induced behaviors. Nature Neuroscience 2015, 18: 1094-1100. PMID: 26192746, PMCID: PMC4519694, DOI: 10.1038/nn.4066.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2014
Synergistic Regulation of Glutamatergic Transmission by Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors in Prefrontal Cortical Neurons*
Yuen EY, Qin L, Wei J, Liu W, Liu A, Yan Z. Synergistic Regulation of Glutamatergic Transmission by Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors in Prefrontal Cortical Neurons*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2014, 289: 25177-25185. PMID: 25056951, PMCID: PMC4155681, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.567610.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdrenergic Uptake InhibitorsAnimalsBicucullineBlotting, WesternCarrier ProteinsCells, CulturedDesipramineDrug SynergismDynaminsEndocytosisExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsFluoxetineP38 Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesPatch-Clamp TechniquesPrefrontal CortexPyramidal CellsRab5 GTP-Binding ProteinsRatsReceptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1AReceptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2Receptors, AMPASelective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsSignal TransductionSynaptic TransmissionConceptsNorepinephrine reuptake inhibitorsExcitatory postsynaptic currentsΑ2-adrenergic receptorsReuptake inhibitorsGlutamatergic transmissionPostsynaptic currentsCortical neuronsAMPAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currentsG proteinsPrefrontal cortex pyramidal neuronsDynamin-mediated endocytosisSelective reuptake inhibitorsProtein α subunitsCortex pyramidal neuronsPrefrontal cortical neuronsP38 kinase activityAMPAR surface expressionGood therapeutic effectG-protein modulatorsPyramidal neuronsClinical studiesTherapeutic effectMonoamine systemsAMPA receptorsKinase activityMemory Enhancement by Targeting Cdk5 Regulation of NR2B
Plattner F, Hernández A, Kistler TM, Pozo K, Zhong P, Yuen EY, Tan C, Hawasli AH, Cooke SF, Nishi A, Guo A, Wiederhold T, Yan Z, Bibb JA. Memory Enhancement by Targeting Cdk5 Regulation of NR2B. Neuron 2014, 81: 1070-1083. PMID: 24607229, PMCID: PMC4010123, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.022.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsCells, CulturedCyclin-Dependent Kinase 5FemaleHippocampusMaleMemoryMemory DisordersMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutMolecular Sequence DataNeuronal PlasticityNeuronsOrgan Culture TechniquesPhosphorylationRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateSynaptic TransmissionConceptsCell surface expressionReceptor cell surface expressionCyclin-dependent kinase 5Cdk5 regulationN-methyl-D-aspartate receptorsRegulatory mechanismsKinase 5NR2B functionSurface expressionNMDAR functionSubunit NR2BSynaptic plasticityEnhancerFundamental roleRegulationMemory formationNMDAR subunit NR2BCognitive enhancersValid treatment strategyPrime targetSynaptic transmissionNR2B phosphorylationNR2BPhosphorylationSurface level
2013
Restoration of Glutamatergic Transmission by Dopamine D4 Receptors in Stressed Animals*
Yuen EY, Zhong P, Li X, Wei J, Yan Z. Restoration of Glutamatergic Transmission by Dopamine D4 Receptors in Stressed Animals*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2013, 288: 26112-26120. PMID: 23884421, PMCID: PMC3764814, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.396648.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsD4 receptorsDopamine D4 receptorExcitatory transmissionGlutamatergic transmissionPrefrontal cortexAMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmissionReceptor-mediated synaptic transmissionCalcium/calmodulin kinase II activityEffects of D4PFC pyramidal neuronsCalmodulin kinase II activityKey brain regionsAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderBi-directional regulationDeficit hyperactivity disorderPyramidal neuronsCortical excitabilityDopaminergic inputSynaptic actionsSynaptic transmissionPotent reductionAMPA receptorsKinase II activityStressed animalsMaladaptive changesEstrogen protects against the detrimental effects of repeated stress on glutamatergic transmission and cognition
Wei J, Yuen EY, Liu W, Li X, Zhong P, Karatsoreos IN, McEwen BS, Yan Z. Estrogen protects against the detrimental effects of repeated stress on glutamatergic transmission and cognition. Molecular Psychiatry 2013, 19: 588-598. PMID: 23835908, DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.83.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAromataseAromatase InhibitorsCognitionEstradiolEstrogensFemaleGlutamic AcidMaleMemory DisordersPrefrontal CortexPyramidal CellsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, EstrogenReceptors, GlutamateRecognition, PsychologyRNA, MessengerSex CharacteristicsStress, PsychologicalSynaptic TransmissionConceptsTemporal order recognition memoryGlutamatergic transmissionPrefrontal cortexStressed malesPFC of femalesNormal glutamatergic transmissionGlutamate receptor surface expressionPFC pyramidal neuronsYoung female ratsAdministration of estradiolLevels of aromatasePFC-dependent cognitionReceptor surface expressionBiosynthesis of estrogensEstrogen protectsPyramidal neuronsGlutamatergic deficitsRestraint stressFemale ratsEstrogen receptorGlutamate receptorsDetrimental effectsDimorphic effectsMemory impairmentStressed females
2012
Repeated Stress Causes Cognitive Impairment by Suppressing Glutamate Receptor Expression and Function in Prefrontal Cortex
Yuen EY, Wei J, Liu W, Zhong P, Li X, Yan Z. Repeated Stress Causes Cognitive Impairment by Suppressing Glutamate Receptor Expression and Function in Prefrontal Cortex. Neuron 2012, 73: 962-977. PMID: 22405206, PMCID: PMC3302010, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.12.033.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH Keywords2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dioneAnalysis of VarianceAnimalsBicucullineCognition DisordersDisease Models, AnimalEndosomal Sorting Complexes Required for TransportExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsF-Box ProteinsGABA-A Receptor AntagonistsImmunoprecipitationIn Vitro TechniquesMaleNedd4 Ubiquitin Protein LigasesNeuropsychological TestsPrefrontal CortexPyramidal CellsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, GlutamateRecognition, PsychologyRestraint, PhysicalRNA, Small InterferingStress, PsychologicalUbiquitin-Protein LigasesConceptsGlutamate receptor expressionPrefrontal cortexRepeated stressReceptor expressionRecognition memoryCognitive processesTemporal order recognition memoryPFC pyramidal neuronsStress-related mental disordersJuvenile male ratsGlutamatergic responsesGlutamatergic transmissionPyramidal neuronsMale ratsSynaptic transmissionStressed animalsInhibition of proteasomeMaladaptive changesGlucocorticoid receptorCognitive impairmentNR1 subunitMental disordersChronic stressUbiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradationReceptor turnoverDisrupted GABAAR trafficking and synaptic inhibition in a mouse model of Huntington's disease
Yuen EY, Wei J, Zhong P, Yan Z. Disrupted GABAAR trafficking and synaptic inhibition in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neurobiology Of Disease 2012, 46: 497-502. PMID: 22402331, PMCID: PMC3323696, DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.02.015.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuntingtin associated protein 1Mouse modelHuntington's diseaseSynaptic inhibitionExcitatory/inhibitory balanceInhibitory synaptic efficacyDiminished surface expressionNeurodegenerative movement disorderTransgenic mouse modelHD mouse modelsNeuronal excitotoxicityInhibitory balanceMovement disordersAssociated protein 1Synaptic transmissionGABAAR traffickingSynaptic efficacySynaptic functionDiseaseReceptorsMutant huntingtinProtein 1Protein 5Surface expressionPolyglutamine repeatsParkin controls dopamine utilization in human midbrain dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells
Jiang H, Ren Y, Yuen E, Zhong P, Ghaedi M, Hu Z, Azabdaftari G, Nakaso K, Yan Z, Feng J. Parkin controls dopamine utilization in human midbrain dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature Communications 2012, 3: 668. PMID: 22314364, PMCID: PMC3498452, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1669.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMidbrain DA neuronsDA neuronsParkinson's diseaseDopamine utilizationDopaminergic neuronsHuman midbrain dopaminergic neuronsSpontaneous DA releaseNigral DA neuronsNigral dopaminergic neuronsDisease-modifying therapiesMidbrain dopaminergic neuronsParkin knockout miceStem cellsPluripotent stem cellsPD patientsDA releaseDA neurotransmissionDA uptakeNormal subjectsKnockout miceParkin mutationsNovel targetNeuronsOxidative stressMonoamine oxidase
2011
The Novel Antipsychotic Drug Lurasidone Enhances N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Responses
Yuen EY, Li X, Wei J, Horiguchi M, Meltzer HY, Yan Z. The Novel Antipsychotic Drug Lurasidone Enhances N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Responses. Molecular Pharmacology 2011, 81: 113-119. PMID: 22072817, PMCID: PMC3263951, DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.076141.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAtypical antipsychotic drugsEffect of lurasidoneSynaptic responsesVivo administrationN-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunctionShort-term administrationCortical pyramidal neuronsAtypical APDsReceptor antagonist haloperidolAtypical APD clozapineKey molecular targetsSubchronic administrationPyramidal neuronsReceptor hypofunctionReceptor antagonismReceptor antagonistAntagonist haloperidolNMDAR responsesNMDAR synaptic functionAntipsychotic drugsNR2B subunitSerotonin 5Noncompetitive antagonistLurasidoneCognitive impairmentImpaired α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) Receptor Trafficking and Function by Mutant Huntingtin*
Mandal M, Wei J, Zhong P, Cheng J, Duffney L, Liu W, Yuen E, Twelvetrees A, Li S, Li X, Kittler J, Yan Z. Impaired α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) Receptor Trafficking and Function by Mutant Huntingtin*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2011, 286: 33719-33728. PMID: 21832090, PMCID: PMC3190808, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.236521.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMiniature excitatory postsynaptic currentsMouse modelMutant huntingtinAMPAR-mediated synaptic transmissionHuntington Disease PathophysiologyAMPAR-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currentsExcitatory postsynaptic currentsTransgenic mouse modelHD mouse modelsIsoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) traffickingReceptor traffickingAMPA receptor traffickingPolyQ-httGlutamatergic transmissionPostsynaptic currentsSynaptic excitationSynaptic transmissionAMPA receptorsWild-type huntingtinNeuronal culturesDisease pathophysiologySynaptic functionAMPAR traffickingΑ-aminoDiminished strengthAmyloid β Peptide-(1–42) Induces Internalization and Degradation of β2 Adrenergic Receptors in Prefrontal Cortical Neurons*
Wang D, Yuen E, Zhou Y, Yan Z, Xiang Y. Amyloid β Peptide-(1–42) Induces Internalization and Degradation of β2 Adrenergic Receptors in Prefrontal Cortical Neurons*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2011, 286: 31852-31863. PMID: 21757762, PMCID: PMC3173113, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.244335.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsPrefrontal cortical neuronsCortical neuronsAdrenergic receptorsAMPA receptor-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currentsG protein-coupled receptor kinase phosphorylationMiniature excitatory postsynaptic currentsCerebrum of miceΒAR agonist isoproterenolAmyloid precursor protein geneExcitatory postsynaptic currentsG protein-coupled receptor kinasesPrecursor protein geneProtein-coupled receptor kinasesReceptor subunit 1Mutant presenilin 1Receptor kinase phosphorylationGlutamatergic activityGlutamatergic regulationAβ bindsInduces desensitizationAβ treatmentPostsynaptic currentsΒ2-adrenergic receptorSynaptic activityAgonist isoproterenolCellular Mechanisms for Dopamine D4 Receptor-induced Homeostatic Regulation of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors*
Yuen EY, Yan Z. Cellular Mechanisms for Dopamine D4 Receptor-induced Homeostatic Regulation of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2011, 286: 24957-24965. PMID: 21622557, PMCID: PMC3137069, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.221416.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsGlutamatergic transmissionPFC neuronsPrefrontal cortexCalcium/calmodulin kinase II activityAMPAR responsesIsoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptorsHomeostatic regulationCalmodulin kinase II activityAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderBi-directional regulationDopamine D4 receptorDeficit hyperactivity disorderAberrant dopaminePyramidal neuronsAMPA receptorsKinase II activitySynaptic currentsSynaptic targetingMental illnessAcid receptorsReceptor functionD4 receptorsCaMKII inhibitionActivity stateDistinct signaling mechanisms
2010
Homeostatic regulation of glutamatergic transmission by dopamine D4 receptors
Yuen EY, Zhong P, Yan Z. Homeostatic regulation of glutamatergic transmission by dopamine D4 receptors. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2010, 107: 22308-22313. PMID: 21135234, PMCID: PMC3009820, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1010025108.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSynaptic transmissionPrefrontal cortex pyramidal neuronsCortex pyramidal neuronsExcitatory synaptic transmissionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderRole of dopamineDopamine D4 receptorGlutamatergic transmissionPyramidal neuronsCortical excitabilityProfound depressionMental disordersSynaptic functionBrain regionsD4 receptorsSynaptic factorsAMPAR traffickingPrefrontal cortexDistinct signaling pathwaysHyperactivity disorderCaMKII activityBidirectional regulationHomeostatic regulationReceptorsSignaling pathwaysRegulation of AMPA receptor channels and synaptic plasticity by cofilin phosphatase Slingshot in cortical neurons
Yuen EY, Liu W, Kafri T, Van Praag H, Yan Z. Regulation of AMPA receptor channels and synaptic plasticity by cofilin phosphatase Slingshot in cortical neurons. The Journal Of Physiology 2010, 588: 2361-2371. PMID: 20442266, PMCID: PMC2915513, DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.186353.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsActinsAnimalsCells, CulturedCerebral CortexCofilin 1ElectrophysiologyExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsImmunohistochemistryLentivirusMicrofilament ProteinsNeuronal PlasticityNeuronsPhosphoric Monoester HydrolasesRatsReceptors, AMPARNA, Small InterferingRNA, ViralSynapsesSynaptic TransmissionConceptsExcitatory postsynaptic currentsCortical neuronsSynaptic transmissionSynaptic plasticityReceptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currentsAMPA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currentsPhosphatase SlingshotActin dynamicsAMPA receptor channelsFunction-blocking antibodiesSmall RNA interferenceAMPAR EPSCsMajor actin depolymerizing factorPostsynaptic currentsCofilin phosphatase SlingshotGluR-1Synaptic functionActin depolymerizing factorSpine morphologyAMPAR traffickingReceptor channelsActin cytoskeletonRNA interferenceNeuronsCofilin activationMechanisms for acute stress-induced enhancement of glutamatergic transmission and working memory
Yuen EY, Liu W, Karatsoreos IN, Ren Y, Feng J, McEwen BS, Yan Z. Mechanisms for acute stress-induced enhancement of glutamatergic transmission and working memory. Molecular Psychiatry 2010, 16: 156-170. PMID: 20458323, PMCID: PMC3108461, DOI: 10.1038/mp.2010.50.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAnimals, NewbornBiophysicsCells, CulturedCorticosteroneDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug InteractionsElectric StimulationExcitatory Amino Acid AgentsExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsGene Expression RegulationGlutamic AcidGreen Fluorescent ProteinsHormone AntagonistsImmediate-Early ProteinsIn Vitro TechniquesLong-Term PotentiationMaleMaze LearningMemory, Short-TermMifepristonePatch-Clamp TechniquesPeptidesPrefrontal CortexProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesPyramidal CellsRab GTP-Binding ProteinsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, GlutamateRNA, Small InterferingStress, PsychologicalSynaptic TransmissionTime FactorsTransfectionConceptsPrefrontal cortexGlutamatergic transmissionAcid receptorsPFC pyramidal neuronsAspartic acid (NMDA) receptorsIsoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptorsInduction of serumCorticosteroid stress hormonesFunction of NMDARsStress-induced enhancementSustained potentiationPyramidal neuronsCorticosterone treatmentSynaptic responsesSynaptic transmissionBehavioral stressorsGlucocorticoid-inducible kinaseGlucocorticoid receptorAcute stressStress hormonesΑ-aminoSurface expressionReceptorsUnderlying mechanismReceptor recyclingThe Stress Hormone Corticosterone Increases Synaptic α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors via Serum- and Glucocorticoid-inducible Kinase (SGK) Regulation of the GDI-Rab4 Complex*
Liu W, Yuen EY, Yan Z. The Stress Hormone Corticosterone Increases Synaptic α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors via Serum- and Glucocorticoid-inducible Kinase (SGK) Regulation of the GDI-Rab4 Complex*. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 2010, 285: 6101-6108. PMID: 20051515, PMCID: PMC2825404, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.050229.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsCell LineCerebral CortexCorticosteroneGuanine Nucleotide Dissociation InhibitorsImmediate-Early ProteinsMiceNeuronsProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesProtein TransportRab4 GTP-Binding ProteinsRatsReceptors, AMPAReceptors, NeurotransmitterSynapsesUp-RegulationConceptsNucleotide Dissociation InhibitorSer-213Glucocorticoid-inducible kinaseRab proteinsKinase regulationDissociation inhibitorIsoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptorsSmall GTPaseEarly endosomesAcid receptorsFunctional cycleCorticosteroid signalingSGK phosphorylationPlasma membraneRab4Receptor recyclingMolecular mechanismsCellular targetsCorticosteroid stress hormonesNeuronal functionPhosphorylationSurface expressionStress hormonesMembraneRegulationDelivery of GABAARs to Synapses Is Mediated by HAP1-KIF5 and Disrupted by Mutant Huntingtin
Twelvetrees A, Yuen E, Arancibia-Carcamo I, MacAskill A, Rostaing P, Lumb M, Humbert S, Triller A, Saudou F, Yan Z, Kittler J. Delivery of GABAARs to Synapses Is Mediated by HAP1-KIF5 and Disrupted by Mutant Huntingtin. Neuron 2010, 65: 53-65. PMID: 20152113, PMCID: PMC2841506, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.12.007.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuntingtin-associated protein 1Huntington's diseaseInhibitory postsynaptic currentsMutant huntingtinInhibitory synaptic currentsBrain excitabilityPostsynaptic currentsSynaptic inhibitionTherapeutic approachesSynaptic currentsDiseaseBrain information processingMolecular targetsSynapsesProtein 1Protein 5Protein huntingtinHuntingtinReceptorsPolyglutamine repeatsInhibitionGABAARsExcitability
2009
Assembly of a β2‐adrenergic receptor—GluR1 signalling complex for localized cAMP signalling
Joiner M, Lisé M, Yuen E, Kam A, Zhang M, Hall D, Malik Z, Qian H, Chen Y, Ulrich J, Burette A, Weinberg R, Law P, El‐Husseini A, Yan Z, Hell J. Assembly of a β2‐adrenergic receptor—GluR1 signalling complex for localized cAMP signalling. The EMBO Journal 2009, 29: 482-495. PMID: 19942860, PMCID: PMC2824466, DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.344.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdenylyl CyclasesAnimalsCalcium ChannelsCells, CulturedCerebral CortexCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesDisks Large Homolog 4 ProteinElectrophysiologyGene Expression RegulationGTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, GsHippocampusIntracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsMembrane ProteinsNeuronsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyReceptors, Adrenergic, beta-2Receptors, AMPAConceptsUnknown molecular mechanismsMajor target proteinGluR1 surface expressionLocalized cAMPTarget proteinsMolecular mechanismsPhosphorylation of GluR1Selective regulationAdenylyl cyclaseProteinPSD-95PhosphorylationSurface expressionGlutamate receptor subunits GluR1PKAAssemblyPostsynaptic sitesCentral noradrenergic signalingHomologuesSubunit GluR1ComplexesCAMPSignalingAdrenergic receptorsStargazin