2020
Interactions Between Ticks and Lyme Disease Spirochetes.
Pal U, Kitsou C, Drecktrah D, Yaş ÖB, Fikrig E. Interactions Between Ticks and Lyme Disease Spirochetes. Current Issues In Molecular Biology 2020, 42: 113-144. PMID: 33289683, PMCID: PMC8045411, DOI: 10.21775/cimb.042.113.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsComplex enzootic life cycleEnzootic life cycleMammalian reservoir hostsMolecular interactionsLife cycleDiscrete molecular interactionsVariety of animalsRelated ticksVertebrate hostsLyme disease spirocheteArthropod vectorsSensu latoPathogen persistenceWild rodentsBacterial pathogensReservoir hostsCritical roleTick-transmitted infectionsMain vectorNortheastern United StatesPast discoveriesHostTicksArthropodsSpirochetesAn Ixodes scapularis Protein Disulfide Isomerase Contributes to Borrelia burgdorferi Colonization of the Vector
Cao Y, Rosen C, Arora G, Gupta A, Booth CJ, Murfin KE, Cerny J, Lopez A, Chuang YM, Tang X, Pal U, Ring A, Narasimhan S, Fikrig E. An Ixodes scapularis Protein Disulfide Isomerase Contributes to Borrelia burgdorferi Colonization of the Vector. Infection And Immunity 2020, 88: 10.1128/iai.00426-20. PMID: 32928964, PMCID: PMC7671890, DOI: 10.1128/iai.00426-20.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsTick gutTick bite siteVector-host interfaceAbility of spirochetesProtein disulfide isomerase A3Infected vertebrate hostsInflammatory responseBite siteLyme diseaseVertebrate hostsGutTick proteinsAdditional targetsMiceSpirochete life cycleSpirochete survivalArthropod vectorsSpirochetesRNA interferenceIllnessTicks
2019
28 Host Defenses to Spirochetes
Navasa N, Fikrig E, Anguita J. 28 Host Defenses to Spirochetes. 2019, 403-411.e1. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6896-6.00028-4.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2011
Molecular Interactions that Enable Movement of the Lyme Disease Agent from the Tick Gut into the Hemolymph
Zhang L, Zhang Y, Adusumilli S, Liu L, Narasimhan S, Dai J, Zhao YO, Fikrig E. Molecular Interactions that Enable Movement of the Lyme Disease Agent from the Tick Gut into the Hemolymph. PLOS Pathogens 2011, 7: e1002079. PMID: 21695244, PMCID: PMC3111543, DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002079.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLyme disease agentB. burgdorferi burdenTick gutOuter surface lipoproteinsTick gut proteinsSalivary gland infectionIxodes scapularis ticksInfection resultsMouse infectionDisease agentsGland infectionLyme diseaseBorrelia burgdorferiScapularis ticksB. burgdorferiCausative agentInfectionBurgdorferiGutGut proteinsSpirochetesTick hemolymphTicksAgentsHemolymph
2010
Lyme borreliosis vaccination: the facts, the challenge, the future
Schuijt TJ, Hovius JW, van der Poll T, van Dam AP, Fikrig E. Lyme borreliosis vaccination: the facts, the challenge, the future. Trends In Parasitology 2010, 27: 40-47. PMID: 20594913, DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2010.06.006.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsBorrelia burgdorferi sensu lato groupPrevalent arthropod-borne diseaseAnti-tick vaccinesLyme borreliosisArthropod-borne diseaseSensu lato groupTick proteinsTick vectorIxodes ticksNovel vaccination strategiesTicksMammalian hostsVaccination strategiesLyme diseaseVaccine candidatesBorreliosisBorrelia antigensVaccineAntigenDiseaseBorreliaOuter membrane proteinsWestern worldFuture candidatesSpirochetes
2009
Passage through Ixodes scapularis Ticks Enhances the Virulence of a Weakly Pathogenic Isolate of Borrelia burgdorferi
Adusumilli S, Booth CJ, Anguita J, Fikrig E. Passage through Ixodes scapularis Ticks Enhances the Virulence of a Weakly Pathogenic Isolate of Borrelia burgdorferi. Infection And Immunity 2009, 78: 138-144. PMID: 19822652, PMCID: PMC2798202, DOI: 10.1128/iai.00470-09.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsIxodes scapularis ticksCommon tick-borne illnessScapularis ticksTick-borne illnessB. burgdorferi sensu strictoC3H miceBurgdorferi sensu strictoLyme diseaseMiceHigh expression levelsBorrelia burgdorferiB. burgdorferiTick engorgementExpression levelsSpirochetesDiseaseArray analysisSyringe inoculationBurgdorferiPathogenic isolatesIsolatesI. scapularisArthritisVirulencePathogenesis
2008
The Tick Salivary Protein Salp15 Inhibits the Killing of Serum-Sensitive Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Isolates
Schuijt TJ, Hovius JW, van Burgel ND, Ramamoorthi N, Fikrig E, van Dam AP. The Tick Salivary Protein Salp15 Inhibits the Killing of Serum-Sensitive Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Isolates. Infection And Immunity 2008, 76: 2888-2894. PMID: 18426890, PMCID: PMC2446733, DOI: 10.1128/iai.00232-08.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsComplement-mediated killingBurgdorferi-specific antibodiesBorrelia burgdorferiStrong protective effectSerum-sensitive isolatesNormal human serumBorrelia burgdorferi sensu latoBurgdorferi sensu latoProtective effectMembrane attack complexTick salivaLyme diseaseBorrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolatesComplement complexI. scapularis Salp15B. burgdorferiSalp15Attack complexBurgdorferiHuman serumKillingSpirochetesIxodes scapularisIsolatesTicks
2006
Coinfection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia garinii alters the course of murine Lyme borreliosis
Hovius JW, Li X, Ramamoorthi N, Van Dam AP, Barthold SW, Van Der Poll T, Speelman P, Fikrig E. Coinfection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia garinii alters the course of murine Lyme borreliosis. Pathogens And Disease 2006, 49: 224-234. PMID: 17328756, DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2006.00177.x.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMurine Lyme borreliosisB. burgdorferi sensu strictoBurgdorferi sensu strictoLyme borreliosisBorrelia burgdorferi sensu strictoEffect of coinfectionCoinfected miceBorrelia speciesSimultaneous infectionMiceCoinfectionBorreliosisB. gariniiBorrelia gariniiReservoir hostsGariniiI. ricinus populationsSpirochetesHigher numberArthritisPreferential maintenanceInfectionPrevalenceSpirochetemia
2004
TROSPA, an Ixodes scapularis Receptor for Borrelia burgdorferi
Pal U, Li X, Wang T, Montgomery RR, Ramamoorthi N, deSilva AM, Bao F, Yang X, Pypaert M, Pradhan D, Kantor FS, Telford S, Anderson JF, Fikrig E. TROSPA, an Ixodes scapularis Receptor for Borrelia burgdorferi. Cell 2004, 119: 457-468. PMID: 15537536, DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2004.10.027.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsAntibodies, BacterialAntigens, SurfaceBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsBacterial VaccinesBase SequenceBorrelia burgdorferiCloning, MolecularGene Expression RegulationHost-Parasite InteractionsIntestinesIxodesLipoproteinsMiceMice, Inbred C3HMolecular Sequence DataReceptors, Cell SurfaceRecombinant ProteinsConceptsLyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferiSurvival of spirochetesTick receptorMammalian hostsRNA interferenceEfficient colonizationTROSPAOuter surface protein ABorrelia burgdorferiPathogen adherencePathogen transmissionProtein AB. burgdorferi outer surface protein AMRNA levelsIxodes scapularisB. burgdorferiColonizationSurface protein AReceptorsArthropodsBurgdorferiMammalsRepressionSpirochetesTicksEssential Role for OspA/B in the Life Cycle of the Lyme Disease Spirochete
Yang XF, Pal U, Alani SM, Fikrig E, Norgard MV. Essential Role for OspA/B in the Life Cycle of the Lyme Disease Spirochete. Journal Of Experimental Medicine 2004, 199: 641-648. PMID: 14981112, PMCID: PMC2213294, DOI: 10.1084/jem.20031960.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchOspC facilitates Borrelia burgdorferi invasion of Ixodes scapularis salivary glands
Pal U, Yang X, Chen M, Bockenstedt LK, Anderson JF, Flavell RA, Norgard MV, Fikrig E. OspC facilitates Borrelia burgdorferi invasion of Ixodes scapularis salivary glands. Journal Of Clinical Investigation 2004, 113: 220-230. PMID: 14722614, PMCID: PMC311436, DOI: 10.1172/jci19894.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsActinsAnimalsAntigens, BacterialBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsBorrelia burgdorferiDisease Models, AnimalEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayGenetic VectorsImmunoglobulin Fab FragmentsIxodesLipoproteinsLyme DiseaseMiceMice, SCIDMicroscopy, ConfocalModels, GeneticPlasmidsRecombinant ProteinsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionSalivary GlandsSpirochaetalesTime FactorsUp-RegulationConceptsTick salivary glandsWild-type B. burgdorferiArthropod vectorsWild-type spirochetesTransmission of spirochetesB. burgdorferiMajor surface lipoproteinMammalian hostsGene expressionSalivary glandsOspC geneSurface lipoproteinsSalivary gland colonizationInfectious cloneOuter surface protein CGland colonizationSurface protein CTick gutMutantsOspCUnfed ticksInvasionCritical stepBorrelia burgdorferiSpirochetes
2003
Adaptation of Borrelia burgdorferi in the tick and the mammalian host
Anguita J, Hedrick MN, Fikrig E. Adaptation of Borrelia burgdorferi in the tick and the mammalian host. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 2003, 27: 493-504. PMID: 14550942, DOI: 10.1016/s0168-6445(03)00036-6.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMammalian hostsGene expressionRegulation of genesAdaptation of BorreliaGene productsDifferent environmentsArthropod vectorsEnzootic cycleCurrent knowledgeLife cycleHostExpressionCausative agentB. burgdorferiBorrelia burgdorferiGenesSpirochetesTicksBurgdorferiMicroorganismsGreater abilityRegulationLyme diseaseThorough understandingFunction
2002
Molecular Adaptation of Borrelia burgdorferi in the Murine Host
Liang FT, Nelson FK, Fikrig E. Molecular Adaptation of Borrelia burgdorferi in the Murine Host. Journal Of Experimental Medicine 2002, 196: 275-280. PMID: 12119353, PMCID: PMC2193918, DOI: 10.1084/jem.20020770.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsLipoprotein geneMolecular adaptationsHost immune selection pressureAnalysis of expressionNovel adaptation mechanismSteps of adaptationSelection pressureLyme disease spirocheteB. burgdorferiMurine hostGenesHost tissuesImmune selection pressureAdaptation mechanismsChronic infectionMurine infectionCritical stepHostBorrelia burgdorferiInfectionAdaptationSpirochetesBurgdorferiInitial inoculumPathogens
1999
Influence of Outer Surface Protein A Antibody onBorrelia burgdorferi within Feeding Ticks
de Silva A, Zeidner N, Zhang Y, Dolan M, Piesman J, Fikrig E. Influence of Outer Surface Protein A Antibody onBorrelia burgdorferi within Feeding Ticks. Infection And Immunity 1999, 67: 30-35. PMID: 9864192, PMCID: PMC96273, DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.1.30-35.1999.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsAntibody levelsSalivary glandsAntibody titersOspA antibodiesBorrelia burgdorferiLow antibody levelsNumber of spirochetesDensity of spirochetesEnzyme-linked immunosorbentFeeding ticksSurface protein AAbility of spirochetesOuter surface protein AProtective epitopesCompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbentOuter surface proteinsSpirochetal agentLyme diseaseAntibodiesB. burgdorferiTitersIxodes ticksGlandBurgdorferiSpirochetes
1998
Immune Evasion by Tickborne and Host-Adapted Borrelia burgdorferi
de Silva A, Fikrig E, Hodzic E, Kantor F, Telford S, Barthold S. Immune Evasion by Tickborne and Host-Adapted Borrelia burgdorferi. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1998, 177: 395-400. PMID: 9466527, DOI: 10.1086/514200.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1997
OspA antibodies inhibit the acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi by Ixodes ticks
de Silva AM, Fish D, Burkot TR, Zhang Y, Fikrig E. OspA antibodies inhibit the acquisition of Borrelia burgdorferi by Ixodes ticks. Infection And Immunity 1997, 65: 3146-3150. PMID: 9234767, PMCID: PMC175444, DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.8.3146-3150.1997.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsOspA antibodiesB. burgdorferiPassive antibody transferB. burgdorferi infectionIxodes ticksSurface protein ABurgdorferi-infected miceB. burgdorferi-infected miceLarval infection ratesOuter surface protein AAntibody transferAntibody responseBurgdorferi infectionInfection rateInfected ticksMiceInhibitory effectAntibodiesLarval infectionBorrelia burgdorferiBurgdorferiInfectionLarval ticksReservoir competenceSpirochetesProtective and Arthritis-Resolving Activity in Sera of Mice Infected with Borrelia burgdorferi
Barthold S, Feng S, Bockenstedt L, Fikrig E, Feen K. Protective and Arthritis-Resolving Activity in Sera of Mice Infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Clinical Infectious Diseases 1997, 25: s9-s17. PMID: 9233658, DOI: 10.1086/516166.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsImmune serumSyringe challengePassive protective activitySerum of miceArthritis resolutionHost-adapted spirochetesImmunocompetent miceJoint tissuesTissue transplantsProtective activityImmunodominant regionMiceSerumInfectionBorrelia burgdorferiB. burgdorferiRecombinant formBurgdorferiSpirochetesTissueChallenge inoculationCarditisTransplantSpirochetemiaAntigen
1995
Growth and migration of Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes ticks during blood feeding.
De Silva AM, Fikrig E. Growth and migration of Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes ticks during blood feeding. American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene 1995, 53: 397-404. PMID: 7485694, DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1995.53.397.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1993
Protection against antigenically variable Borrelia burgdorferi conferred by recombinant vaccines.
Telford SR, Fikrig E, Barthold SW, Brunet LR, Spielman A, Flavell RA. Protection against antigenically variable Borrelia burgdorferi conferred by recombinant vaccines. Journal Of Experimental Medicine 1993, 178: 755-758. PMID: 8340764, PMCID: PMC2191140, DOI: 10.1084/jem.178.2.755.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
1992
Elimination of Borrelia burgdorferi from vector ticks feeding on OspA-immunized mice.
Fikrig E, Telford SR, Barthold SW, Kantor FS, Spielman A, Flavell RA. Elimination of Borrelia burgdorferi from vector ticks feeding on OspA-immunized mice. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1992, 89: 5418-5421. PMID: 1608951, PMCID: PMC49303, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.12.5418.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsRecombinant outer surface protein AVaccine-induced immunityIxodes dammini ticksSurface protein AOuter surface protein ANonimmunized miceImmunized miceSpirochetal infectionTick biteCharacteristic histopathologyImmunized animalsLyme diseaseMiceBorrelia burgdorferiSpirochetesMode of protectionVector ticksOspATicksProtein AHistopathologyInfectionDiseaseImmunity