2018
The Impact of a Rigorous Quality Program on 3D Echocardiography Data Quality in an International Multisite Randomized Trial
Crowley AL, Yow E, Rabineau D, Norris C, White J, Daubert MA, Velazquez EJ, Barnhart H, Krucoff MW, Rao SV, Douglas PS. The Impact of a Rigorous Quality Program on 3D Echocardiography Data Quality in an International Multisite Randomized Trial. JACC Cardiovascular Imaging 2018, 11: 1918-1920. PMID: 30121272, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.05.024.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchPrior Medications and the Cardiovascular Benefits From Combination Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibition Plus Calcium Channel Blockade Among High‐Risk Hypertensive Patients
Brook RD, Kaciroti N, Bakris G, Dahlöf B, Pitt B, Velazquez E, Weber M, Zappe DH, Hau T, Jamerson KA. Prior Medications and the Cardiovascular Benefits From Combination Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibition Plus Calcium Channel Blockade Among High‐Risk Hypertensive Patients. Journal Of The American Heart Association 2018, 7: e006940. PMID: 29301757, PMCID: PMC5778960, DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006940.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAmlodipineAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAntihypertensive AgentsBenzazepinesBlood PressureCalcium Channel BlockersCause of DeathDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansHydrochlorothiazideHypertensionMaleMiddle AgedRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSodium Chloride Symporter InhibitorsTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeConceptsHigh-risk hypertensive patientsCardiovascular risk reductionHypertensive patientsAntihypertensive regimenCombination therapyBlood pressure control statusGreater cardiovascular risk reductionRenin-angiotensin system blockadeAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorPrimary composite eventsPrior antihypertensive therapyPrimary composite outcomeCalcium channel blockadeLipid-lowering medicationsPrior medication useCalcium channel blockersRisk reductionACCOMPLISH trialAntihypertensive therapySystem blockadeCardiovascular benefitsCombination regimenComposite outcomeDrug regimensMedication use
2016
Functional Mitral Regurgitation: Appraising the Evidence Behind Recommended Treatment Strategies
Samad Z, Velazquez EJ. Functional Mitral Regurgitation: Appraising the Evidence Behind Recommended Treatment Strategies. Current Cardiology Reports 2016, 18: 128. PMID: 27796864, DOI: 10.1007/s11886-016-0808-8.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsDisease ProgressionEchocardiographyEvidence-Based MedicineHeart Valve Prosthesis ImplantationHumansMitral Valve InsufficiencyPercutaneous Coronary InterventionRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTreatment Outcome
2014
Impaired Resting Myocardial Annular Velocities Are Independently Associated With Mental Stress–Induced Ischemia in Coronary Heart Disease
Ersbøll M, Al Enezi F, Samad Z, Sedberry B, Boyle SH, O’Connor C, Jiang W, Velazquez EJ, Investigators R. Impaired Resting Myocardial Annular Velocities Are Independently Associated With Mental Stress–Induced Ischemia in Coronary Heart Disease. JACC Cardiovascular Imaging 2014, 7: 351-361. PMID: 24631512, PMCID: PMC3992174, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.10.014.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedChi-Square DistributionEchocardiography, DopplerEchocardiography, StressExercise TestFemaleHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedMyocardial ContractionMyocardial IschemiaOdds RatioPredictive Value of TestsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRisk FactorsStress, PsychologicalStroke VolumeVentricular Function, LeftConceptsMental stress-induced ischemiaStress-induced myocardial ischemiaLeft ventricular ejection fractionTissue Doppler myocardial velocitiesVentricular ejection fractionMental stress testMyocardial velocitiesMyocardial ischemiaEjection fractionHeart diseaseConventional exercise stress testingWall motion index scoreIschemic ST-segment changesMyocardial tissue Doppler velocitiesRegional wall motion abnormalitiesPreclinical cardiac dysfunctionStress-induced ischemiaCoronary artery diseaseExercise stress testingTissue Doppler velocitiesCoronary heart diseaseLate diastolic velocityST-segment changesWall motion abnormalitiesStress–Induced Ischemia
2013
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition for Hyperuricemic Heart Failure Patients
Givertz MM, Mann DL, Lee KL, Ibarra JC, Velazquez EJ, Hernandez AF, Mascette AM, Braunwald E. Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition for Hyperuricemic Heart Failure Patients. Circulation Heart Failure 2013, 6: 862-868. PMID: 23861505, PMCID: PMC3902033, DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.000394.Peer-Reviewed Original Research
2011
Circumstances and Outcomes of Sudden Unexpected Death in Patients With High-Risk Myocardial Infarction
Ye S, Grunnert M, Thune JJ, Stephenson KM, Uno H, Finn PV, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, Califf R, Pfeffer MA, Solomon SD. Circumstances and Outcomes of Sudden Unexpected Death in Patients With High-Risk Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2011, 123: 2674-2680. PMID: 21606398, DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.990655.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHigh-risk myocardial infarctionSudden deathMyocardial infarctionHospital eventsVentricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillationPrevention of SDSD eventsLong-term mortalityMajority of patientsSudden unexpected deathInitial ECG rhythmCatastrophic complicationUnwitnessed arrestsUnexpected deathVentricular fibrillationTrial trialsPatientsInfarctionECG rhythmDeathPreventionHigher proportionHome eventsArrestSource documentation
2010
Departures from the protocol during conduct of a clinical trial: a pattern from the data record consistent with a learning curve
Taekman J, Stafford-Smith M, Velazquez E, Wright M, Phillips-Bute B, Pfeffer M, Sellers M, Pieper K, Newman M, Van de Werf F, Diaz R, Leimberger J, Califf R. Departures from the protocol during conduct of a clinical trial: a pattern from the data record consistent with a learning curve. BMJ Quality & Safety 2010, 19: 405. PMID: 20702441, PMCID: PMC3258507, DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2008.028605.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsClinical ProtocolsGuideline AdherenceHumansLearning CurveMulticenter Studies as TopicRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRetrospective StudiesConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarctionClinical trial researchLearning curvePatient rankMulticentre trialSlow enrollmentAcademic research organizationsPatient deathClinical trialsPatientsTrial conductTrial researchClinical researchPatient safetyPatient ordersTrialsInfarctionValsartanFirst yearDeathRecruitment ratesSimilar patternStart dateSafety
2007
The rationale and design of the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial
Velazquez EJ, Lee KL, O’Connor C, Oh JK, Bonow RO, Pohost GM, Feldman AM, Mark DB, Panza JA, Sopko G, Rouleau JL, Jones RH, Investigators S. The rationale and design of the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure (STICH) trial. Journal Of Thoracic And Cardiovascular Surgery 2007, 134: 1540-1547.e4. PMID: 18023680, PMCID: PMC3638867, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.05.069.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdultCardiac Surgical ProceduresCardiovascular AgentsCoronary Artery BypassFemaleHeart FailureHeart VentriclesHumansMaleMyocardial IschemiaRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicResearch DesignSurvival AnalysisConceptsIschemic Heart Failure (STICH) trialCoronary artery bypassHeart Failure TrialSurgical ventricular reconstructionArtery bypassMedical therapySurgical treatmentFailure TrialVentricular reconstructionPrimary outcomeNormal left ventricular sizeIntensive medical therapyLeft ventricular dysfunctionVentricular ejection fractionCoronary artery diseaseLeft ventricular sizeLong-term survivalQuality of lifeLeft ventricular volumeCardiac causesSubsequent hospitalizationVentricular dysfunctionArtery diseaseEjection fractionHeart failureMitral regurgitation in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both: prognostic significance and relation to ventricular size and function
Amigoni M, Meris A, Thune JJ, Mangalat D, Skali H, Bourgoun M, Warnica JW, Barvik S, Arnold JM, Velazquez EJ, Van de Werf F, Ghali J, McMurray JJ, Køber L, Pfeffer MA, Solomon SD. Mitral regurgitation in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both: prognostic significance and relation to ventricular size and function. European Heart Journal 2007, 28: 326-333. PMID: 17251259, DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl464.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedCardiac VolumeDisease ProgressionEchocardiography, Doppler, ColorElectrocardiographyFemaleHeart FailureHumansMaleMiddle AgedMitral Valve InsufficiencyMyocardial InfarctionObserver VariationPrognosisProspective StudiesRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRisk FactorsVentricular Dysfunction, LeftVentricular RemodelingConceptsProgression of MRBaseline mitral regurgitationHeart failureMitral regurgitationAcute myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarctionVentricular sizeMR severityHigh-risk myocardial infarctionModerate-severe mitral regurgitationBaseline MR severityWorse LV functionEnd-systolic volumeLarger LV volumesRegurgitant jet areaAtrial area ratioCV mortalityHF hospitalizationCardiovascular outcomesSystolic dysfunctionVentricular dysfunctionEjection fractionIndependent predictorsClinical outcomesLV function
2006
Geographic variation in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in the VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion (VALIANT) trial
Reed SD, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, Schulman KA, Califf RM, Kober L, Maggioni AP, Van de Werf F, White HD, Diaz R, Mareev V, Murin J, Committees and Investigators F. Geographic variation in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in the VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion (VALIANT) trial. American Heart Journal 2006, 152: 500-508. PMID: 16923421, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.02.032.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedCaptoprilDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansInternationalityMaleMiddle AgedMulticenter Studies as TopicMyocardial InfarctionRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTetrazolesValineValsartanVentricular Dysfunction, LeftConceptsHigh-risk patientsAcute myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarctionReperfusion therapyBaseline characteristicsVALIANT trialLeft ventricular systolic dysfunctionTime of MIAcute Myocardial Infarction trialSafety of captoprilMyocardial Infarction trialPatient baseline characteristicsUse of aspirinVentricular systolic dysfunctionProportion of patientsCare of patientsEvidence-based therapiesMultivariable regression modelsSystolic dysfunctionHeart failureTrial populationKey treatmentPatientsInternational trialInternational guidelinesExtent of coronary artery disease as a predictor of outcomes in acute myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both
Janardhanan R, Kenchaiah S, Velazquez EJ, Park Y, McMurray JJ, Weaver WD, Finn PV, White HD, Marin-Neto JA, O'Connor C, Pfeffer MA, Califf RM, Solomon SD, Investigators F. Extent of coronary artery disease as a predictor of outcomes in acute myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. American Heart Journal 2006, 152: 183-189. PMID: 16824854, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.11.013.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsExtent of CADCoronary artery diseaseAcute myocardial infarctionHeart failureCV outcomesMyocardial infarctionCause mortalityArtery diseaseSeverity of CADVentricular systolic dysfunctionAdverse CV outcomesHigh-risk patientsIndependent risk factorSingle-vessel diseasePredictors of outcomeProportional hazards modelCoronary angiography dataCaptopril monotherapyValsartan monotherapyCardiovascular outcomesSystolic dysfunctionVentricular dysfunctionHazard ratioEjection fractionPoor outcomeThe Effect of Valsartan, Captopril, or Both on Atherosclerotic Events After Acute Myocardial Infarction An Analysis of the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT)
McMurray J, Solomon S, Pieper K, Reed S, Rouleau J, Velazquez E, White H, Howlett J, Swedberg K, Maggioni A, Køber L, Van de Werf F, Califf R, Pfeffer M. The Effect of Valsartan, Captopril, or Both on Atherosclerotic Events After Acute Myocardial Infarction An Analysis of the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT). Journal Of The American College Of Cardiology 2006, 47: 726-733. PMID: 16487836, DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.09.055.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAngina PectorisAngiotensin II Type 1 Receptor BlockersAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAtherosclerosisCaptoprilCardiovascular DiseasesDisease-Free SurvivalDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMyocardial InfarctionRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRecurrenceStrokeTetrazolesValineValsartanConceptsAngiotensin receptor blockersAcute Myocardial Infarction trialMyocardial Infarction trialAtherosclerotic eventsMyocardial infarctionACE inhibitorsValsartan groupReceptor blockersEnzyme inhibitorsNon-fatal myocardial infarctionAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorAnti-infarction effectSecondary preventive treatmentEffect of valsartanRenin-angiotensin systemBlood pressure differenceEffects of captoprilAcute myocardial infarctionCaptopril groupCombination groupPreventive treatmentLower riskEvidence gapsCaptoprilValsartan
2005
Sudden Death in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Heart Failure, or Both
Solomon SD, Zelenkofske S, McMurray JJ, Finn PV, Velazquez E, Ertl G, Harsanyi A, Rouleau JL, Maggioni A, Kober L, White H, Van de Werf F, Pieper K, Califf RM, Pfeffer MA. Sudden Death in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and Left Ventricular Dysfunction, Heart Failure, or Both. New England Journal Of Medicine 2005, 352: 2581-2588. PMID: 15972864, DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa043938.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedDeath, Sudden, CardiacFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHeart ArrestHeart FailureHumansMaleMyocardial InfarctionRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicResuscitationRiskStroke VolumeTime FactorsVentricular Dysfunction, LeftConceptsLeft ventricular ejection fractionVentricular ejection fractionLeft ventricular dysfunctionMyocardial infarctionCardiac arrestSudden deathVentricular dysfunctionEjection fractionHeart failureLeft ventricular systolic functionHigh-risk patientsVentricular systolic functionSudden unexpected deathAcute myocardial infarctionCardiac causesHospital dischargeSystolic functionPercent confidence intervalsUnexpected deathHigh riskInfarctionPatientsResuscitationDysfunctionDeath
2004
Newly Diagnosed and Previously Known Diabetes Mellitus and 1-Year Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Aguilar D, Solomon SD, Køber L, Rouleau JL, Skali H, McMurray JJ, Francis GS, Henis M, O’Connor C, Diaz R, Belenkov YN, Varshavsky S, Leimberger JD, Velazquez EJ, Califf RM, Pfeffer MA. Newly Diagnosed and Previously Known Diabetes Mellitus and 1-Year Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2004, 110: 1572-1578. PMID: 15364810, DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000142047.28024.f2.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAngiotensin II Type 1 Receptor BlockersAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsCaptoprilCohort StudiesComorbidityDiabetes ComplicationsDiabetes MellitusDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHeart FailureHumansLife TablesMaleMedical RecordsMiddle AgedMulticenter Studies as TopicMyocardial InfarctionProportional Hazards ModelsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRiskStrokeTetrazolesTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeValineValsartanVentricular Dysfunction, LeftConceptsAcute myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarctionCardiovascular eventsDiabetes mellitusAdverse outcomesAcute Myocardial Infarction trialPoor long-term outcomesMajor cardiovascular eventsMyocardial Infarction trialHigh-risk patientsRisk of deathLong-term outcomesRisk of mortalityBaseline characteristicsDiabetic statusComorbid conditionsMetabolic abnormalitiesPrior diagnosisPoor prognosisNew diagnosisDiabetesPatientsMellitusOutcomesInfarctionRationale and design of the avoiding cardiovascular events through combination therapy in patients living with systolic hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trialThe first randomized controlled trial to compare the clinical outcome effects of first-line combination therapies in hypertension
JAMERSON K, BAKRIS G, WUN C, DAHLOF B, LEFKOWITZ M, MANFREDA S, PITT B, VELAZQUEZ E, WEBER M. Rationale and design of the avoiding cardiovascular events through combination therapy in patients living with systolic hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trialThe first randomized controlled trial to compare the clinical outcome effects of first-line combination therapies in hypertension. American Journal Of Hypertension 2004, 17: 793-801. DOI: 10.1016/s0895-7061(04)00840-4.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchRationale and design of the avoiding cardiovascular events through combination therapy in patients living with systolic hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trial
Jamerson K, Bakris G, Wun C, Dahlöf B, Lefkowitz M, Manfreda S, Pitt B, Velazquez E, Weber M. Rationale and design of the avoiding cardiovascular events through combination therapy in patients living with systolic hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trial. American Journal Of Hypertension 2004, 17: 793-801. PMID: 15363822, DOI: 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.05.004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSystolic Hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trialCardiovascular eventsBlood pressureHypertension trialsCombination therapyOptimal BP controlPrimary study endpointCalcium channel blockersClass of drugsBP controlCardiovascular outcomesHypertensive patientsPrimary endpointCardiovascular mortalityStudy endpointACE inhibitorsHypertension managementFirst patientClinical eventsAntihypertensive combinationsRisk factorsSuch therapyRecent guidelinesDrug classesVasculoprotective propertiesMultinational economic evaluation of valsartan in patients with chronic heart failure: results from the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT)
Reed SD, Friedman JY, Velazquez EJ, Gnanasakthy A, Califf RM, Schulman KA. Multinational economic evaluation of valsartan in patients with chronic heart failure: results from the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT). American Heart Journal 2004, 148: 122-128. PMID: 15215801, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2003.12.040.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsAgedAngiotensin II Type 1 Receptor BlockersAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAntihypertensive AgentsCost-Benefit AnalysisDrug Therapy, CombinationFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHealth Care CostsHealth ResourcesHeart FailureHospitalizationHumansMaleMiddle AgedOutcome Assessment, Health CareProportional Hazards ModelsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTetrazolesValineValsartanConceptsValsartan Heart Failure TrialHeart failure hospitalizationHeart Failure TrialHeart failureACE inhibitorsFailure hospitalizationFailure TrialNew York Heart Association class IIIncremental costChronic heart failureMean incremental costOutpatient physician servicesBackground therapyCardiovascular medicationsNet incremental costClinical benefitPrescribed therapyClinical signsAmbulance transportationPatientsUnit cost estimatesHealth outcomesPlaceboValsartanClass II
2003
VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion (VALIANT) trial: baseline characteristics in context
Velazquez EJ, Pfeffer MA, McMurray JV, Maggioni AP, Rouleau J, Van de Werf F, Kober L, White HD, Swedberg K, Leimberger JD, Gallo P, Sellers MA, Edwards S, Henis M, Califf RM, Investigators F. VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion (VALIANT) trial: baseline characteristics in context. European Journal Of Heart Failure 2003, 5: 537-544. PMID: 12921816, DOI: 10.1016/s1388-9842(03)00112-0.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAgedAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsCaptoprilDouble-Blind MethodFemaleGlyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate DehydrogenasesHeart FailureHumansMaleMiddle AgedMulticenter Studies as TopicMyocardial InfarctionPeptide FragmentsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicTetrazolesValineValsartanVentricular Dysfunction, LeftConceptsAcute Myocardial Infarction trialAngiotensin receptor blockadeMyocardial Infarction trialHeart failureMyocardial infarctionACEI trialsRenin-angiotensin system blockadePlacebo-controlled trialVentricular systolic dysfunctionActive-controlled trialEvidence-based careHigh-risk populationEvidence-based therapiesCardiovascular outcomesSystem blockadeSystolic dysfunctionBaseline characteristicsStandard treatmentRepresentative cohortPatientsMI trialsTrialsValsartanACEIsLVSD
2000
Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT): Rationale and design
Pfeffer M, McMurray J, Leizorovicz A, Maggioni A, Rouleau J, Van de Werf F, Henis M, Neuhart E, Gallo P, Edwards S, Sellers M, Velazquez E, Califf R, Investigators* F. Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT): Rationale and design. American Heart Journal 2000, 140: 727-750. PMID: 11054617, DOI: 10.1067/mhj.2000.108832.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAngiotensin IIAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAntihypertensive AgentsCaptoprilCause of DeathDouble-Blind MethodDrug Administration ScheduleDrug Therapy, CombinationHumansMulticenter Studies as TopicMyocardial InfarctionOdds RatioPatient SelectionProportional Hazards ModelsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicResearch DesignSample SizeTetrazolesValineValsartanConceptsAngiotensin II receptor blockersII receptor blockersAcute myocardial infarctionMyocardial infarctionReceptor blockersVentricular dysfunctionHeart failureAngiotensin II receptor blocker valsartanEnzyme inhibitorsMajor nonfatal cardiovascular eventsAcute Myocardial Infarction trialAngiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitorDose of captoprilMultiple practice patternsNonfatal cardiovascular eventsUse of valsartanMyocardial Infarction trialReceptor blocker valsartanHigh-risk patientsLeft ventricular dysfunctionParallel-group studyRenin-angiotensin systemManagement of patientsCombination of captoprilLong-term treatmentAll that glitters is not gold
Velazquez E, Califf R. All that glitters is not gold. The Lancet 2000, 355: 1568-1569. PMID: 10821355, DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02207-8.Commentaries, Editorials and LettersAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAnti-Arrhythmia AgentsCaptoprilHeart FailureHumansLosartanRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicVentricular Dysfunction, Left