Genetic mutations in African patients with atrial fibrillation: Rationale and design of the Study of Genetics of Atrial Fibrillation in an African Population (SIGNAL)
Bloomfield GS, Temu TM, Akwanalo CO, Chen PS, Emonyi W, Heckbert SR, Koech MM, Manji I, Shen C, Vatta M, Velazquez EJ, Wessel J, Kimaiyo S, Inui TS. Genetic mutations in African patients with atrial fibrillation: Rationale and design of the Study of Genetics of Atrial Fibrillation in an African Population (SIGNAL). American Heart Journal 2015, 170: 455-464.e5. PMID: 26385028, PMCID: PMC4575772, DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2015.06.008.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsValvular atrial fibrillationNonvalvular atrial fibrillationValvular heart diseaseAtrial fibrillationHeart diseaseCurrent tobacco smokingHistory of strokeCase-control studyGroup morbidityGenetic associationTobacco smokingSaharan AfricaMean ageAfrican patientsCardiovascular diseaseClinical phenotypingFibrillationPrimary analysisPatientsControl populationGenetic testingMorbidityDiseaseGenetic mutationsMost participants