Production of the English /ɹ/ by Mandarin-English Bilingual Speakers.
Chen S, Whalen D, Mok P. Production of the English /ɹ/ by Mandarin-English Bilingual Speakers. Language And Speech 2024, 238309241230895. PMID: 38462718, DOI: 10.1177/00238309241230895.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMandarin-English bilingualsRhotic soundsL2 speech learningEnglish proficiency levelsNative English speakersMechanisms of speech productionL2 learnersMandarin-EnglishPhonetic realizationBilingual speakersNative speakersEnglish speakersLanguage proficiencyProficiency levelsPhonetic similaritySpeech learningF3-F2Fricative noiseSpeech productionBilingualsEnglishHigher F3Native-likeTongue shapeMandarin