The spontaneous insertion of proteins into and across membranes: The helical hairpin hypothesis
Engelman D, Steitz T. The spontaneous insertion of proteins into and across membranes: The helical hairpin hypothesis. Cell 1981, 23: 411-422. PMID: 7471207, DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90136-7.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsMembrane proteinsSecreted proteinsIntegral membrane proteinsHydrophobic leader peptideSecretion of proteinsHelical hairpinSpecific membrane receptorsPolypeptide sequenceSecond helixLeader peptideTransport proteinsLipid environmentTerminal helixN-terminusSpontaneous insertionMembrane receptorsHairpin structurePolypeptide structureProteinHelixHairpinHydrophobic interiorOnly alphaNonpolar sequencesHydrophobic portion