Assessing nicotine dependence using an oral nicotine free-choice paradigm in mice
Bagdas D, Diester C, Riley J, Carper M, Alkhlaif Y, AlOmari D, Alayoubi H, Poklis J, Damaj M. Assessing nicotine dependence using an oral nicotine free-choice paradigm in mice. Neuropharmacology 2019, 157: 107669. PMID: 31220484, PMCID: PMC6697382, DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107669.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAnimalsBehavior, AddictiveChoice BehaviorDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug InteractionsFemaleMaleMiceMice, KnockoutNicotineNucleus AccumbensQuinineReceptors, NicotinicSelf AdministrationSex CharacteristicsSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeTobacco Use DisorderTyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseVareniclineConceptsAddictive-like propertiesNicotine intakeOral nicotine consumptionNicotine consumptionFree-choice paradigmNicotine solutionΑ6 KO miceTwo-bottle free-choice paradigmTyrosine hydroxylase levelsNicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunitsPartial agonist vareniclineOral nicotine intakeAbsence of nicotineAcetylcholine receptor subunitsΑ5 nAChRAdult C57BL/6JNicotine withdrawalKO miceFemale miceAgonist vareniclineDBA/2J miceHydroxylase levelsNicotine dependenceBinge drinkingObserved sex differences