2005
Community Incidence of Hepatitis B and C among Reincarcerated Women
Macalino G, Vlahov D, Dickinson B, Schwartzapfel B, Rich J. Community Incidence of Hepatitis B and C among Reincarcerated Women. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2005, 41: 998-1002. PMID: 16142665, DOI: 10.1086/432936.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis B virusIncidence of HBVHCV infectionHepatitis BHepatitis C virus infectionC virus infectionDrug treatment servicesDrug-dependent personsIncident infectionsHIV testingBaseline prevalenceB virusCommunity incidenceIncidence rateVirus infectionTreatment servicesDrug useDrug dependenceInfectious diseasesInfectionSerum samplesIncidenceStudy periodWomenHCV
2004
An analysis of tumor necrosis factor α gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with natural clearance of hepatitis C virus infection
Thio C, Goedert J, Mosbruger T, Vlahov D, Strathdee S, O'Brien S, Astemborski J, Thomas D. An analysis of tumor necrosis factor α gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with natural clearance of hepatitis C virus infection. Genes & Immunity 2004, 5: 294-300. PMID: 15071492, DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364072.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virus infectionC virus infectionHuman leukocyte antigenHCV infectionSingle nucleotide polymorphismsVirus infectionBlack subjectsTumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene PolymorphismsNecrosis factor-α gene polymorphismsCytokine tumor necrosis factor alphaTNF single nucleotide polymorphismsTumor necrosis factor alphaRole of TNFFunction of TNFΑ gene polymorphismsNecrosis factor alphaCohort of individualsHCV outcomesHCV clearanceViral clearanceLeukocyte antigenViral persistenceFactor alphaImmune responseNatural clearanceMICA and recovery from hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections
Karacki P, Gao X, Thio C, Thomas D, Goedert J, Vlahov D, Kaslow R, Strathdee S, Hilgartner M, O'Brien S, Carrington M. MICA and recovery from hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections. Genes & Immunity 2004, 5: 261-266. PMID: 15029237, DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364065.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virusHepatitis B virus infectionChronic hepatitis BB virus infectionHepatitis BC virusVirus infectionMICA polymorphismNatural killer cellsHBV infectionHCV infectionHepatitis CKiller cellsViral clearanceViral persistenceT cellsStudy populationMICA allelesSignificant associationInfectionFurther investigationVirusAssociationPersonsDifferential distributionHepatitis C incidence—a comparison between injection and noninjection drug users in New York City
Fuller C, Ompad D, Galea S, Wu Y, Koblin B, Vlahov D. Hepatitis C incidence—a comparison between injection and noninjection drug users in New York City. Journal Of Urban Health 2004, 81: 20-24. PMID: 15047780, PMCID: PMC3456148, DOI: 10.1093/jurban/jth084.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virusInjection drug usersNoninjection drug usersDrug usersHCV seropositiveRisk of HCVNew injection drug usersPerson-time analysisAnnual incidence rateHepatitis C incidenceAnnual incident rateHigh-risk practicesHCV incidenceHCV seroconvertersNon-IDUsHCV serologyHCV preventionC virusRisk factorsIncidence ratePrevention servicesOnset of injectionEarly preventionNew York CityRisk Survey
2003
Variability in the Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Young Injecting Drug Users in New York City
Des Jarlais D, Diaz T, Perlis T, Vlahov D, Maslow C, Latka M, Rockwell R, Edwards V, Friedman S, Monterroso E, Williams I, Garfein R. Variability in the Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Young Injecting Drug Users in New York City. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2003, 157: 467-471. PMID: 12615611, DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwf222.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis B virusHuman immunodeficiency virusHepatitis C virusImmunodeficiency virusB virusDrug usersHepatitis C virus infectionC virus infectionInjecting Drug UsersHigh HIV seroprevalenceHigh rateHBV incidenceHCV incidenceHCV transmissionCohort studyHIV seroprevalenceHIV incidenceHIV transmissionYoung Injecting Drug UsersC virusVirus infectionNew York CityIncidenceVirusYork City
2002
Does Bleach Disinfection of Syringes Protect Against Hepatitis C Infection Among Young Adult Injection Drug Users?
Kapadia F, Vlahov D, Jarlais D, Strathdee S, Ouellet L, Kerndt P, E E, Williams I, Garfein R. Does Bleach Disinfection of Syringes Protect Against Hepatitis C Infection Among Young Adult Injection Drug Users? Epidemiology 2002, 13: 738-741. PMID: 12410020, DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200211000-00023.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersAnti-HCV seroconversionHepatitis C virusDrug usersOdds ratioBleach useYoung adult injection drug usersSeronegative injection drug usersMajor public health problemAdult injection drug usersBleach disinfectionHepatitis C infectionProspective cohort studyCase-control studyConditional logistic regressionPublic health problemCessation of injectionsC infectionHCV infectionCohort studyC virusProtective effectHealth problemsSeroconversionLogistic regression
2001
Collaboration among Community Members, Local Health Service Providers, and Researchers in an Urban Research Center in Harlem, New York
Galea S, Factor S, Bonner S, Foley M, Freudenberg N, Latka M, Palermo A, Vlahov D. Collaboration among Community Members, Local Health Service Providers, and Researchers in an Urban Research Center in Harlem, New York. Public Health Reports 2001, 116: 530-539. PMID: 12196612, PMCID: PMC1497380, DOI: 10.1093/phr/116.6.530.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdultAsthmaChildCommunity Health PlanningCommunity ParticipationCommunity-Institutional RelationsCooperative BehaviorDecision Making, OrganizationalHealth Planning CouncilsHealth PrioritiesHealth Services AccessibilityHealth Services ResearchHepatitis CHIV InfectionsHumansModels, OrganizationalNew York CityPublic Health AdministrationSocial EnvironmentSubstance Abuse, IntravenousUrban HealthConceptsInjection drug usersCommunity advisory boardUrban Research CenterDrug usersInfectious diseasesLocal health service providersPublic health professionalsSelf-management skillsHealth service providersUrban Epidemiologic StudiesCenter experienceAsthma awarenessEpidemiologic studiesCare providersLocal community-based organizationsHealth professionalsProblem substance useAsthmaChild care providersSubstance useEducational interventionSubstance usersCommunity healthCommunity-based organizationsInterventionIsoniazid Preventive Therapy, Hepatitis C Virus Infection, and Hepatotoxicity among Injection Drug Users Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Sadaphal P, Astemborski J, Graham N, Sheely L, Bonds M, Madison A, Vlahov D, Thomas D, Sterling T. Isoniazid Preventive Therapy, Hepatitis C Virus Infection, and Hepatotoxicity among Injection Drug Users Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2001, 33: 1687-1691. PMID: 11641824, PMCID: PMC2650436, DOI: 10.1086/323896.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis C virusInjection drug usersTuberculosis infectionValue elevationDrug usersCurrent injection drug useLatent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infectionHepatitis C virus infectionHepatitis B surface antigenLow HCV prevalenceC virus infectionIsoniazid preventive therapyInjection drug useM. tuberculosis infectionMycobacterium tuberculosis infectionHIV-1 infectionHuman immunodeficiency virusB surface antigenConcurrent alcohol useDrug discontinuationHCV prevalencePreventive therapyImmunodeficiency virusProspective studyTransaminase valuesRacial Differences in HLA Class II Associations with Hepatitis C Virus Outcomes
Thio C, Thomas D, Goedert J, Vlahov D, Nelson K, Hilgartner M, O’Brien S, Karacki P, Marti D, Astemborski J, Carrington M. Racial Differences in HLA Class II Associations with Hepatitis C Virus Outcomes. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 2001, 184: 16-21. PMID: 11398104, DOI: 10.1086/321005.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman leukocyte antigenClass II associationsViral clearanceClass II HLA typingClass II human leukocyte antigenHepatitis C virus clearanceHLA class II associationsCD4 T cell responsesT cell responsesClass II allelesHepatitis C virus outcomeHCV clearanceLeukocyte antigenVirus clearanceViral persistenceHLA typingImmune responseHomogeneous cohortCell responsesWhite subjectsDiverse cohortCohortClearanceVaried cohortsBlack subjectsFactors Associated with Adolescent Initiation of Injection Drug Use
Fuller C, Vlahov D, Arria A, Ompad D, Garfein R, Strathdee S. Factors Associated with Adolescent Initiation of Injection Drug Use. Public Health Reports 2001, 116: 136-145. PMID: 11889281, PMCID: PMC1913680, DOI: 10.1093/phr/116.s1.136.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchMeSH KeywordsAdolescentAdolescent BehaviorAdultAge FactorsBaltimoreBlack or African AmericanCommunity-Institutional RelationsFemaleHealth BehaviorHepatitis CHIV InfectionsHumansLogistic ModelsMalePrimary PreventionProspective StudiesRisk AssessmentRisk-TakingSexual BehaviorSubstance Abuse, IntravenousConceptsInjection drug useDrug useMedian ageInitiation of injectionCrack smokingNon-injection drug useAdolescent initiationHigh-risk groupYears of ageIllicit drug useAfrican AmericansDrug use practicesStudy enrollmentPrevents onsetEarly prevention effortsDrug usersMultivariate analysisCocaine useCondom useSmoking marijuanaLogistic regressionYoung drug usersPrevention effortsYoung adulthoodSmokingFactors associated with prevalent hepatitis C: differences among young adult injection drug users in lower and upper Manhattan, New York City
Diaz T, Des Jarlais D, Vlahov D, Perlis T, Edwards V, Friedman S, Rockwell R, Hoover D, Williams I, Monterroso E. Factors associated with prevalent hepatitis C: differences among young adult injection drug users in lower and upper Manhattan, New York City. American Journal Of Public Health 2001, 91: 23-30. PMID: 11189819, PMCID: PMC1446499, DOI: 10.2105/ajph.91.1.23.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersYoung adult injection drug usersAdult injection drug usersHepatitis B virusDrug usersHCV infectionPrevalent hepatitis C virus infectionHepatitis C virus infectionYoung injection drug usersAnti-HCV positivityPrevalent HCV infectionPrevalent hepatitis CC virus infectionHIV serologyHCV antibodiesHepatitis CB virusVirus infectionDrug treatmentDrug useHCVNew York CitySex practicesInfectionUpper Manhattan
2000
New York State pharmacists' attitudes toward needle and syringe sales to injection drug users before implementation of syringe deregulation
Linas B, Coffin P, Backes G, Vlahov D. New York State pharmacists' attitudes toward needle and syringe sales to injection drug users before implementation of syringe deregulation. Journal Of Urban Health 2000, 77: 768-780. PMID: 11194316, PMCID: PMC3456767, DOI: 10.1007/bf02344037.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersHuman immunodeficiency virusSyringe salesDrug usersImportant preventive health measurePreventive health measuresSelf-administered questionnaireImmunodeficiency virusHealth measuresSexual partnersPharmacists' attitudesNew York StatePharmacistsPreliminary dataState surveysSyringesNew York CitySimilar levelsAvailability programsLikely practiceNeedleHepatitisBaseline informationYork CityNew York City pharmacists' attitudes toward sale of needles/syringes to injection drug users before implementation of law expanding syringe access
Coffin P, Linas B, Factor S, Vlahov D. New York City pharmacists' attitudes toward sale of needles/syringes to injection drug users before implementation of law expanding syringe access. Journal Of Urban Health 2000, 77: 781-793. PMID: 11194317, PMCID: PMC3456774, DOI: 10.1007/bf02344038.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersSyringe salesDrug usersPharmacists' attitudesHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preventionBlood-borne pathogen transmissionSyringe disposalViral hepatitis preventionHalf of pharmacistsNeedles/syringesSharps disposal containersHepatitis preventionSyringe exchangeSyringe accessDrug useNonprescription salesPharmacistsStaff pharmacistsVirus preventionTelephone surveyBaseline dataSyringesPreventionPrescriptionNew York CityThe Natural History of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Host, Viral, and Environmental Factors
Thomas D, Astemborski J, Rai R, Anania F, Schaeffer M, Galai N, Nolt K, Nelson K, Strathdee S, Johnson L, Laeyendecker O, Boitnott J, Wilson L, Vlahov D. The Natural History of Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Host, Viral, and Environmental Factors. JAMA 2000, 284: 450-456. PMID: 10904508, DOI: 10.1001/jama.284.4.450.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsEnd-stage liver diseaseInjection drug useHepatitis C virus infectionC virus infectionHuman immunodeficiency virusViral clearanceHCV infectionLiver diseaseDrug usePersistent viremiaVirus infectionCases of ESLDRisk of ESLDCommunity-based prospective cohort studyAntibody-positive test resultPresence of ascitesProspective cohort studyCause of deathUtilization of treatmentMajority of adultsSemiannual visitsCohort studyHCV RNAEsophageal varicesImmunodeficiency virusScreening for Hepatitis C Virus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals
Thio C, Nolt K, Astemborski J, Vlahov D, Nelson K, Thomas D. Screening for Hepatitis C Virus in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology 2000, 38: 575-577. PMID: 10655348, PMCID: PMC86151, DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.2.575-577.2000.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHuman immunodeficiency virusHCV RNANegative participantsHepatitis C virus antibody testHuman immunodeficiency virus-infected individualsHepatitis C virus screeningThird-generation enzyme immunoassayHIV-negative participantsVirus-infected individualsHepatitis C virusInjection drug usersThird-generation assaysCOBAS AMPLICOR systemFalse-negative testsThird-generation testsFalse-negative resultsAcute infectionHIV infectionImmunodeficiency virusC virusAntibody formationAntibody testHCVVirus screeningAmplicor system
1999
A prospective, community‐based evaluation of liver enzymes in individuals with hepatitis C after drug use
Inglesby T, Rai R, Astemborski J, Gruskin L, Nelson K, Vlahov D, Thomas D. A prospective, community‐based evaluation of liver enzymes in individuals with hepatitis C after drug use. Hepatology 1999, 29: 590-596. PMID: 9918940, DOI: 10.1002/hep.510290219.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSerum ALT levelsALT levelsALT valuesDrug usePrior illicit drug useSerum alanine transaminase levelsAlanine transaminase levelsNormal ALT valuesHepatitis C virusIllicit drug useImportant disease outcomesElevated ALTHepatitis CTransaminase levelsInitial visitLiver biopsyVisit variabilityC virusCommunity-based evaluationLiver enzymesDisease outcomeHCVPatientsMore visitsNatural history
1998
Prevalence and Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Young Adult Injection Drug Users
Garfein R, Doherty M, Monterroso E, Thomas D, Nelson K, Vlahov D. Prevalence and Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection Among Young Adult Injection Drug Users. JAIDS Journal Of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1998, 18: s11-s19. PMID: 9663618, DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199802001-00004.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsYoung adult injection drug usersAdult injection drug usersInjection drug usersHepatitis C virus infectionC virus infectionHCV infectionVirus infectionDrug usersHCV-seronegative participantsTransmission of HCVCommunity-based outreachSecond-generation antibodiesHCV seroconversionHCV seroprevalenceCommunity outreach educationProspective studyRisk factorsSemiannual interviewsHigh riskInjecting practicesSterile syringesBivariate analysisLogistic regressionInfectionHCV
1997
Incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C among injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland
Villano S, Vlahov D, Nelson K, Lyles C, Cohn S, Thomas D. Incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C among injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. Journal Of Clinical Microbiology 1997, 35: 3274-3277. PMID: 9399533, PMCID: PMC230161, DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.12.3274-3277.1997.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsInjection drug usersHCV infectionRisk factorsDrug usersDrug useDrug paraphernaliaHepatitis C virus infectionC virus infectionAnnual incidence rateActive drug useHigh-risk sexual practicesSharing of needlesHCV seroconversionHepatitis CAntibody testingOverall incidenceIncidence rateVirus infectionSerum samplesInfectionIncidenceHCVSexual practicesFrequent useParticipantsPersistence and Clinical Significance of Hepatitis G Virus Infections in Injecting Drug Users
Thomas D, Nakatsuji Y, Shih J, Alter H, Nelson K, Astemborski J, Lyles C, Vlahov D. Persistence and Clinical Significance of Hepatitis G Virus Infections in Injecting Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1997, 176: 586-592. PMID: 9291303, DOI: 10.1086/514078.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsHepatitis G virus infectionG virus infectionHGV RNAHGV infectionVirus infectionDrug usersLiver-related enzymesRecent serum sampleInjecting Drug UsersHepatic inflammationAcute infectionSerum levelsLiver diseaseClinical significanceNegative participantsSerial samplesDrug useInfectionPrior visitSerum samplesIDUsPrior specimensRecent visitVisitsYears
1996
Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Injecting Drug Users
Thomas D, Shih J, Alter H, Vlahov D, Cohn S, Hoover D, Cheung L, Nelson K. Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Injecting Drug Users. The Journal Of Infectious Diseases 1996, 174: 690-695. PMID: 8843204, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/174.4.690.Peer-Reviewed Original ResearchConceptsSerum HCV RNA concentrationHepatitis C virus infectionC virus infectionHCV RNA concentrationHIV infectionVirus infectionAlanine aminotransferaseDrug usersHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immunosuppressionCD4 cells/HIV-negative patientsHIV-positive IDUsStage of HIVCD4 lymphocyte countHCV RNA levelsSerum ALT levelsHIV-negative participantsHuman immunodeficiency virusInjecting Drug UsersRNA concentrationSemiannual visitsALT levelsHCV infectionHIV RNAHIV seroconversion